scholarly journals THE CREDIT SUPPLY CHANNEL OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN PAKISTAN VERSUS MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Abdul Rehman Shah
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Credit Supply ◽  
Balance Sheet Channel ◽  
Supply Channel

The transmission mechanism of monetary policy is explained through the relationshipsbetween a change in money supply and the level of real income. Monetary policytransmits to the real sector through several different channels. Such channels includethe interest rate channel, the exchange rate channel, the asset-pricing channel, the creditsupply channel, and the bank balance sheet channel. This paper empirically investigatesthe credit supply channel of monetary policy and explores the differential impact ofmonetary policy on credit supply of Islamic banks in Pakistan versus Malaysia. Therobust two-step System-Generalize Method of Moments (GMM) estimator is appliedon an unbalanced panel dataset over the period 2005-2016. While estimating the effectsof three alternative measures of monetary policy on banks’ credit supply, several bankspecificvariables are included in the specification as control variables. We providestrong evidence on the existence of credit supply channel in the baseline models forboth countries and differential impact of monetary policy through Islamic banks inPakistan versus Malaysia in the extended models. Our findings suggest that there isa vital need to consider the nature of Islamic banks while devising the instrumentsof an effective monetary policy in countries with dual banking system like Pakistan,Malaysia, Indonesia, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and others.

scholarly journals Mekanisme Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter dalam Mempengaruhi Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-473
Author(s):  
Rifky Yudi Setiawan ◽  
Karsinah Karsinah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Financing Channel ◽  
Dual Mandate ◽  
Conventional And Islamic Banks

Sejak dikeluarkannya UU Bank Indonesia yang baru tahun 1999, Bank Indonesia telah diberi amanah sebagai otoritas moneter ganda yang dapat menjalankan kebijakan moneter konvensional maupun syariah. Sejak saat itu perbankan dan keuangan syariah berkembang pesat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat alur transmisi kebijakan moneter dari sisi konvensional dan syariah dalam mempengaruhi inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang kemudian membandingkan keduanya.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jalur konvensional memiliki alur sesuai dengan teori transmisi kebijakan moneter yang ada hingga mempengaruhi inflasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan jalur syariah belum mempunyai alur yang sesuai dengan teori kebijakan moneter yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil VECM variabel syariah dapat menurunkan laju inflasi dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan variabel konvensional dapat menurunkan laju inflasi akan tetapi menahan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil FEVD jalur konvensional lebih berpengaruh dalam mengendalikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi dengan masing-masing kontribusi sebesar 50,5% dan 19,97%, sedangkan jalur syariah masing-masing sebesar 29,07%. dan 19,47%. Since New Banking Act in 1998, Indonesia has implemented a dual banking system, where conventional and Islamic banks can operate side by side throughout Indonesia. With the implementation of Bank of Indonesia’s Act in 1999, Bank of Indonesia has a dual mandate to conduct both conventional and Islamic monetary policies. Since then, the Islamic banking and finance has been growing rapidly.  The aim of this study is to see how transmission channel of monetary policy from side of conventional and Sharia channel to Influence Inflation and Economic Growth compare them both. The results showed the conventional channel is worked according to the theory of transmission mechanism of monetary policy that affect the final target inflation and economic growth, whereas Sharia channel does not worked according to the monetary policy. Based on the results of VECM on Sharia channel variable can reduce the inflation and increase the economic growth at the same time, while the variable of conventional channel can reduce the inflation but also reduce the economic growth at the same time. Then based on the results of FEVD conventional channel is more effective in controlling the economic growth and the inflation with contribution of 50.5%  and 19.97%. while the Islamic bank financing channel with contribution of 29.07% and 19.47%.

Empirical evaluation of structure-conduct-performance paradigm as applied to the Iranian Islamic banking system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl ◽  
Muhammad Mahdi Rashidi ◽  
Alireza Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of market structure and market share on the performance of the Islamic banks operating in the Iranian banking system based on the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm. Design/methodology/approach The Iranian Islamic banking system’s market structure is evaluated by using the econometrics method to test the validity of the traditional SCP paradigm. For this purpose, the authors estimate a simple regression model that is consisted of several independent variables, such as the market share, bank size, real gross domestic product, liquidity and Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a proxy variable for concentration and one dependent variable, namely, the profit as a proxy for performance. The panel data includes a data sample of 22 Islamic banks operating from 2006 to 2019. Data are extracted from the balance sheet of Islamic banks and the time-series database of the Central Bank of Iran and World Bank. Findings The study’s findings indicate that both concentration and market share have a positive impact on the performance of banks in the Iranian Islamic banking system. This result is contradicted with both traditional SCP and efficient structure hypotheses; however, it confirms the existence of oligopoly or cartel in the Iranian Islamic banking system that few banks try to gain the highest share of profit and maintain their market share by colluding with each other. This result is in contradiction with other research studies about the market structure in the Iranian banking system that claimed that banks in Iran operate under monopolistic competition. In addition, it shows that the privatization of some banks in Iran does not improve and help competition in the Iranian banking system. Originality/value This paper is a pioneer empirical study analyzing the market structure, concentration and collusion based on the SCP paradigm in Iranian Islamic banking. The results of the study support the existence of collusive behavior among the Islamic bank in Iran that is not aligned with Sharia. This study clearly shows the difference between ideal Islamic banking and Islamic banking in practice in Islamic countries. This clearly indicates that only prohibiting some operations like receiving interest, gambling and bearing excessive risk is not enough. In fact, the Islamic banking system should be based on the Sharia rule in all aspects and much more modification and study have to be done to achieve an appropriate Islamic banking system. These possible modifications to overcome the issues of cartel-like market structure and collusive behavior in the Iranian Islamic banking system include making the Iranian banking system more transparent, letting foreign banks enter the Iranian banking system and minimizing the government intervention in the Iranian banking system.

The Channels of Transmission of Monetary Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-88
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Morales ◽  
Paul Reding
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Monetary Transmission Mechanism ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transmission Of Monetary Policy

This chapter explores the monetary transmission mechanism (MTM) in low financial development countries (LFDCs). It successively discusses the interest rate, asset price, bank credit, balance sheet, expectations, and real balance channels. For each channel, conceptual aspects about how it operates, how it transmits monetary policy impulses to the economy’s financial and real spheres, are first presented. Next, the impact of the specificities of LFDCs on the channel’s strength and reliability are examined and the available empirical evidence is surveyed. The chapter concludes with a global assessment of the effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism in LFDCs. Evidence points to a transmission mechanism that is effective although not very strong, and possibly also more uncertain than in advanced and emerging market countries.

The balance sheet channel of monetary policy: the panel evidence of Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aseel Shokr ◽  
Zulkefly Abdul Karim ◽  
Mohd Azlan Shah Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Balance Sheet Channel

The roles of domestic and foreign Islamic banks in Malaysian monetary transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidlizan Muhammad ◽  
Asmak Ab Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Azam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Bank Lending Channel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lending Channel ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Loan Supply

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to empirically test the presence of the bank lending channel for the Islamic banking system in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – Distributional effects from monetary policy changes were analyzed by three bank characteristics such as size, liquidity and capital. Using the econometric model by Kashyap and Stein (1995), the implementation of a policy contraction leads to reduction in loan supply because some banks may not able to offset a reduction in deposits. The paper explores the response shown between domestic and foreign Islamic banks in Malaysia using bank-level data from 2005 to 2010. Findings – The empirical result indicates presence of the bank lending channel in the Islamic banking system in Malaysia, size and liquidity as sources of difference response of financing supply in domestic bank and capital for foreign Islamic bank and Islamic interbank rate as an efficient tool in conducting monetary policy especially in the Islamic banking system. Originality/value – The paper manages to explore the effectiveness of Islamic the monetary policy tools in the Islamic Banking system in Malaysia. Using Islamic interbank rate as a policy tool, it provides valuable view to policy makers, who are analyzing for efficiency of transmission channel.

scholarly journals MONETARY POLICY PASS-THROUGH, EXCESS LIQUIDITY AND PRICE SPILLOVER: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS OF PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Omer
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Excess Liquidity ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Monetary Policy Shock ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Conventional And Islamic Banks

This study investigates the comparative pass-through of policy rate to the retailprices, spillover of prices between Islamic and conventional banking systems, and theimpact of excess liquidity on these pass-throughs using data from interbank marketof Pakistan. The results suggest that the monetary policy shock affect retail prices ofIslamic banks similar to conventional banks, confirming the results of earlier studies.Moreover, there is a strong spillover between the prices of two systems; Islamicbanks are following (leading) the conventional banks in pricing the lending (deposit)products. Islamic bank has acquired advantage in the deposit pricing by taping thereligious depositors, which also may have promoted financial inclusion therebycontributing to the economic growth and improved income distribution in the society.Our findings suggest that the presence of excess liquidity have no effect on passthroughof policy rate in the Islamic system, which is contrary to the prevalent notion.However, excess liquidity significantly affects the spillovers of prices between thesystems. These results support the hypothesis that the Islamic banks are investing ininterest-based government securities indirectly via conventional banks. Our findingsmay help in enhancing the regulatory efficiency of the central banks and the conduct ofthe monetary policy in the countries where dual banking system exists.

scholarly journals Role & Impact of Interest Rate in Jordan’ Economy from Points of View of Banking Managers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
REEM SAHER Alaraj
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Points Of View

<p><strong>The research aimed at investigating the role, impact and determinants of interest rate in Jordanian economy from view points of banking managers in Jordan. The methodology is descriptive and analytical using mean, standard deviation, t-test and percentages as statistical tools. The study concluded that the role of interest rate in Jordanian monetary policy is restricted by two factors: pegging JD with US$ which limits the effective role of interest rate in Jordanian monetary policy and the dual banking system of traditional and Islamic banks where Islamic banks do not deal with Interest rate. Raising interest rate in Jordan caused higher cost of credit for companies, less competitiveness of exports, less liquidity in the economy, higher profit margin for banks, higher exchange rate of JD and higher inflation. Nevertheless, lowering interest rate in Jordan caused lower cost of borrowing, higher liquidity, better competitiveness of exports and more credit facilities by banks but inflation was much lower. </strong><strong>Moreover, the study concluded the determinants of interest rate in Jordan are money supply, demand for money, inflation and economic conditions. </strong><strong>In order to have an effective role for interest rate in monetary policy, the researcher recommends pegging JD to a basket of currencies</strong>. </p>

scholarly journals Capital Controls, Domestic Macroprudential Policy and the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fabiani ◽  
Martha López ◽  
José-Luis Peydró ◽  
Paul E. Soto ◽  
Margaret Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bank Debt ◽  
Carry Trade ◽  
Macroprudential Policy ◽  
Reserve Requirements ◽  
Credit Supply

We study how capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy tame credit supply booms, respectively targeting foreign and domestic bank debt. For identification, we exploit the simultaneous introduction of capital controls on foreign exchange (FX) debt inflows and an increase of reserve requirements on domestic bank deposits in Colombia during a strong credit boom, as well as credit registry and bank balance sheet data. Our results suggest that first, an increase in the local monetary policy rate, raising the interest rate spread with the United States, allows more FX-indebted banks to carry trade cheap FX funds with more expensive peso lending, especially toward riskier, opaque firms. Capital controls tax FX debt and break the carry trade. Second, the increase in reserve requirements on domestic deposits directly reduces credit supply, and more so for riskier, opaque firms, rather than enhances the transmission of monetary rates on credit supply. Importantly, different banks finance credit in the boom with either domestic or foreign (FX) financing. Hence, capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy complementarily mitigate the boom and the associated risk-taking through two distinct channels

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