scholarly journals 41AN28: An Ancestral Caddo Settlement on Mound Prairie Creek in the Neches River Basin in East Texas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
East Side ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Neches River

Site 41AN28 is an extensive ancestral Caddo settlement on an alluvial terrace on the west side of Mound Prairie Creek in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas. Mound Prairie Creek is an southward- and eastward-flowing tributary to the Neches River. The confluence of the two streams lies about 20 km to the east. Directly to the east of 41AN28 on the east side of Mound Prairie Creek lies the Pace McDonald site (41AN51). This site is an important Middle Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1200-1400) mound center with at least two earthen mounds and a settlement that covers more than 11 acres. Both investigated mounds at Pace McDonald were built to cover and bury special purpose structures where significant deposits of ash were accumulated, probably ash temples like those uncovered in the main mound at the nearby A. C. Saunders site (41AN19). Two calibrated radiocarbon dates from habitation areas at the Pace McDonald site range from A.D. 1200-1410.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dates from Aboriginal Sites in Cherokee, Henderson, and Tyler Counties in East Texas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Neches River

The newly obtained radiocarbon dates discussed in this article were done by DirectAMS of Seattle, Washington. Three of the sites have only a single AMS radiocarbon date, while four radiocarbon dates have been obtained from the M. S. Roberts site (41HS8) on Caddo Creek in the Neches River basin. The radiocarbon ages obtained on these samples have been calibrated to 2 sigma using IntCal 13 (Reimer et al. 2013). These dates were obtained to continue to expand the utility of the East Texas Radiocarbon Database to better understand the age of archaeological components at sites in the region, as well as ascertain temporal trends in settlement by Native Americans in East Texas (cf. Selden 2012; Selden and Perttula 2013a, 2013b).

scholarly journals A Prehistoric Caddo Site on Black Fork Creek, Upper Neches River Basin, Smith County, Texas

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Smith County

During the course of recent archaeological survey investigations for a proposed waterline, a previously unrecorded prehistoric Caddo site Lakewood Gardens (41SM425)-was found near, but outside the right-of-way and construction casement of, the proposed waterline. This article provides summary details about the site, hopefully adding information to the sparse archaeological record of prehistoric Caddo sites along Black Fork Creek. The site is situated on a natural upland rise (440 feet amsl) overlooking the Black Fork Creek floodplain less than 200 m to the north. Black Fork Creek is in the upper Neches River basin; the creek flows west into Prairie Creek, which enters the Neches River about 10 km to the west of the site. This area is in the Post Oak Savannah. Before the mid- to late 19th century, the swampy Black Fork Creek floodplain would have been covered with an oak-hickory forest, with more mesic hardwoods, including various oaks, maple, sweetgum, ash, and elm. The Post Oak Savanna vegetation would have been dominated by a variety of fire-tolerant oaks and hickory on upland landforms. The upland landforms in this part of Smith County area have Eocene-aged Queen Sparta, Tyler Greenstone Member, and Weches Formation interbedded deposits of sand and clays.

scholarly journals Analysis of a 1940 Caddo Sherd Assemblage from the Millsey Williamson Site (41RK3), Rusk County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
East Texas ◽  
East Side ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sabine River

The Millsey Williamson site (41RK3) is an 18th century Nadaco Caddo settlement and cemetery situated on an alluvial terrace on the east side of Martin Creek in the Sabine River basin. Some portions of the site are now covered by the waters of Martin Creek Lake, constructed in the 1970s. The site was first investigated in the 1930s, when at least 11 historic Caddo burials were excavated in the cemetery at the western end of the landform. In 1940, Jack Hughes, then an East Texas resident, but later a prominent Texas archaeologist, gathered a small collection of sherds from the Millsey Williamson site, and the analysis of these sherds is the subject of this article.

scholarly journals Additional Artifact Collections from the Gardener Site (41CP55), Camp County, Texas

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oak Savanna ◽  
East Texas ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Post Oak Savanna

The Gardener site (41CP55) was first recorded by Sullivan (1977) prior to construction of Lake Bob Sandlin on Big Cypress Creek. A surface collection of sherds and daub suggested that the site was the locus of a Late Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1450-1680) settlement and burned house. However, no further archaeological work was done at the site before it was inundated by Lake Bob Sandlin in the late 1970s. Recently, because of lower flood pool levels (about 9 ft. below normal flood pool) at Lake Bob Sandlin due to East Texas drought conditions, archaeological materials from the Gardener site have been exposed along the shoreline of the lake. Perttula documented a substantial aboriginal artifact assemblage collected from the shoreline surface of the site, and this article documents a second collection of artifacts from the Gardener site. The Gardener site, whose overall extent is not known, is located along an upland slope (330 ft. amsl) on the west side of Picket Spring Branch, a small and northward-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek, in the Post Oak Savanna. The old channel of Big Cypress Creek lies approximately 1.8 km north of the site.

scholarly journals Ceramics at Three Ancestral Caddo Sites in the Upper Neches River Basin, Smith County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Site Types

The upper Neches River Basin in the Pineywoods and Post Oak Savannah of East Texas is one part of the southern Caddo area where populations of ancestral Caddo groups were notably higher during the Late Caddo period, ca. A.D. 1400-1680, than at other times over their ca. 1000 year settlement of the region. The Frankston phase is comprised of farmsteads, hamlets, and small villages in the Neches and Angelina river basins in East Texas. Other Frankston phase sites are represented by small residential settlements in dispersed agricultural communities, with small family and/or community cemeteries not used for long periods of time, such as at the Lang Pasture site (41AN38). Concentrations of Frankston phase sites in the upper Neches River basin seem to comprise base settlement clusters with middens, burials, and house structures, likely representing permanent settlements on streamside flats with fertile soils in the uplands. Other site types include scattered sherds, which perhaps are gathering stations in which pitted stones are found with a few sherds, and small campsites. The ceramic vessel sherds from three Frankston phase settlements in the upper Neches River basin are the subject of this article.

scholarly journals The Long Site (41CE330), An Ancestral Caddo Site on Box’s Creek in the Neches River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perttula
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Neches River

The Long site is principally an ancestral Caddo site dating primarily to the Early Caddo period, and the Alto phase, on Box’s Creek in the Neches River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. A few diagnostic decorated ceramic vessel sherds and radiocarbon dates also indicate that there is a Middle Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1200-1400) component there as well, along with a mid-19th century Anglo-American component on only one part of the site.

scholarly journals The William Farrar Site (41TT1) in the Sulphur River Basin,Titus County, Texas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Post Oak

The William Farrar site (41TT1) is an ancestral Caddo settlement and cemetery on an alluvial terrace of the Sulphur River (Figure 1) in the East Texas Post Oak Savannah, a few miles downstream from the W. A. Ford site (41TT2) (see Goldschmidt 1935; Perttula 2016). University of Texas (UT) archaeologists completed excavations at the site in August 1934, but they had known about the site since as early as 1932, when they purchased or had donated several Caddo vessels from a Henry William Martin and, in 1934, purchased a vessel from a John Bowman, who had previously dug at the site.

scholarly journals Additional New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Atmospheric Data ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Organic Remains ◽  
Smith County

As a follow-up to the radiocarbon analyses reported by Perttula and Selden, in this article, we report on five new radiocarbon dates obtained from Caddo sites in East Texas. The radiocarbon samples are charred organic remains scraped off of one surface of whole vessels or sherds. These samples are from the Ware Acres site, the H. C. Slider site in Cherokee County, an unknown site in the upper Neches River basin in Smith County (9-SC), and an unknown Titus phase site (11-BCJ) in the Big Cypress Creek basin. All of the dates are calibrated using OxCal v4.1.7, with atmospheric data from Reimer.

scholarly journals Distribution of Sites and Radiocarbon Dates in the Sierra Nevada: Implications for Paleoecological Prospecting

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Anderson ◽  
Susan J. Smith ◽  
Peter A. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Time Periods

The number of paleoecological records for the Sierra Nevada of California has increased substantially since the compilation of Adam (1985). We examine here the geographical and temporal distribution of records within the range in order to identify areas for which “gaps” exist in our paleoecological knowledge. Seventy-two sites with paleoecological information are identified; these sites are dated with 234 radiocarbon dates. Sites occur primarily between ca. 36°N and 38°30'N latitudes, and from ca. 1000 m to over 3000 m elevation on both sides of the Sierran crest, although more sites have been analyzed on the west side of the crest than the east side. In general, packrat (Neotoma) midden series are located at the lowest elevations, meadow and marsh cores originate from mid-elevations, and lake sediments have been analyzed from the highest elevations. Significant gaps in our knowledge occur for much of the east side of the crest, for both sides of the range above modern treeline, and for time periods older than the latest Pleistocene.

scholarly journals The Gardener Site (41CP55): A Late Caddo Settlement on Big Cypress Creek in East Texas

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson ◽  
Robert Z. Selden
Keyword(s):  
Oak Savanna ◽  
East Texas ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Post Oak Savanna

The Gardener site (41CP55) in Camp County, Texas, was first recorded by Sullivan prior to construction of Lake Bob Sandlin on Big Cypress Creek. A surface collection of sherds and daub suggested that the site was the locus of a Late Caddo period (ca. A.D. 1450-1680) settlement and burned house. However, no further archaeological work was done at the site before it was inundated by Lake Bob Sandlin in the late 1970s. Recently, because of lower flood pool levels at Lake Bob Sandlin due to East Texas drought conditions, archaeological materials from the Gardener site have been exposed along the shoreline of the lake. This article concerns the documentation of a substantial aboriginal artifact assemblage collected from the shoreline surface of the site. The Gardener site is located along an upland slope (330 ft. amsl) on the west side of Picket Spring Branch, a small and northward-flowing tributary to Big Cypress Creek, in the Post Oak Savanna. The old channel of Big Cypress Creek lies approximately 1.8 km north of the site. The overall extent of the site is not known, although Thurmond suggests it is relatively small.

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