Shoreline Evolution and Management of Hawke's Bay, New Zealand: Tectonics, Coastal Processes, and Human Impacts

2010 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Komar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Shoreline Evolution

scholarly journals Complete genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines show responses to climate fluctuations but no evidence for genomic erosion prior to extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 20190491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dussex ◽  
Johanna von Seth ◽  
Michael Knapp ◽  
Olga Kardailsky ◽  
Bruce C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Demographic Trajectories ◽  
Human Climate

Human intervention, pre-human climate change (or a combination of both), as well as genetic effects, contribute to species extinctions. While many species from oceanic islands have gone extinct due to direct human impacts, the effects of pre-human climate change and human settlement on the genomic diversity of insular species and the role that loss of genomic diversity played in their extinctions remains largely unexplored. To address this question, we sequenced whole genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines, the huia ( Heteralocha acutirostris ) and South Island kōkako ( Callaeas cinereus ). Both species showed similar demographic trajectories throughout the Pleistocene. However, the South Island kōkako continued to decline after the last glaciation, while the huia experienced some recovery. Moreover, there was no indication of inbreeding resulting from recent mating among closely related individuals in either species. This latter result indicates that population fragmentation associated with forest clearing by Maōri may not have been strong enough to lead to an increase in inbreeding and exposure to genomic erosion. While genomic erosion may not have directly contributed to their extinctions, further habitat fragmentation and the introduction of mammalian predators by Europeans may have been an important driver of extinction in huia and South Island kōkako.

Human impacts recorded in chemical and isotopic fingerprints of soils from Dunedin City, New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Turnbull ◽  
Karyne Rogers ◽  
Adam Martin ◽  
Mark Rattenbury ◽  
Richard Morgan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts

Human impacts in an urban port: The carbonate budget, Otago Harbour, New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Smith ◽  
Anna C.L. Wood ◽  
Michelle F.A. Liddy ◽  
Amy E. Shears ◽  
Ceridwen I. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Carbonate Budget

Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the ancient harbor of Lechaion (Corinth Gulf, Greece): Were changes driven by human impacts and gradual coastal processes or catastrophic tsunamis?

2017 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kolaiti ◽  
G.A. Papadopoulos ◽  
C. Morhange ◽  
M. Vacchi ◽  
I. Triantafyllou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Corinth Gulf

scholarly journals Ancient DNA and morphometric analysis reveal extinction and replacement of New Zealand's unique black swans

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1859) ◽  
pp. 20170876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J. Rawlence ◽  
Afroditi Kardamaki ◽  
Luke J. Easton ◽  
Alan J. D. Tennyson ◽  
R. Paul Scofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Island Rule ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Black Swans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
Human Colonization

Prehistoric human impacts on megafaunal populations have dramatically reshaped ecosystems worldwide. However, the effects of human exploitation on smaller species, such as anatids (ducks, geese, and swans) are less clear. In this study we apply ancient DNA and osteological approaches to reassess the history of Australasia's iconic black swans ( Cygnus atratus ) including the palaeo-behaviour of prehistoric populations. Our study shows that at the time of human colonization, New Zealand housed a genetically, morphologically, and potentially ecologically distinct swan lineage ( C. sumnerensis , Poūwa), divergent from modern (Australian) C. atratus . Morphological analyses indicate C. sumnerensis exhibited classic signs of the ‘island rule’ effect, being larger, and likely flight-reduced compared to C. atratus . Our research reveals sudden extinction and replacement events within this anatid species complex, coinciding with recent human colonization of New Zealand. This research highlights the role of anthropogenic processes in rapidly reshaping island ecosystems and raises new questions for avian conservation, ecosystem re-wilding, and de-extinction.

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