Hydrocarbon Generative Properties and Maturity of Cretaceous and Eocene Sediments in the Middle Kura Depression, Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Khosrov Akhundov ◽  
Mushfig Farhad Tagiyev ◽  
Arastun Ismail Khuduzade ◽  
Natig Namig Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Reflectance Data

Abstract Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary cover in the Middle Kura depression located between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountain structures contains numerous oil accumulations. According to studies in the Cretaceous and Paleogene strata, sedimentary organic matter is of mixed clastic-marine origin. Moderate amounts of organic matter have been recorded in the Eocene sediments (on average 0.70%), in the Upper and Lower Cretaceous average values made up 0.39% и 0.42%, respectively. Analysis of bitumoid composition suggests that in a number of areas bitumoids have experienced a widespread movement across the sedimentary strata. The results of measurements on isolated samples indicate that the Cretaceous strata have only advanced to the initial hard-coal stage of organic transformation (0.48-0.55%Ro). On vitrinite reflectance data the Eocene deposits in studied areas of the Middle Kura depression have reached initial (brown-coal) stage of catagenetic transformation (±0.48Ro%; est. paleotemperature of 85°C). Nonetheless, analysis of formation conditions of commercial HC accumulations found earlier in the Eocene strata allows considering them the most prospective in the Middle Kura depression.

TROUBLESHOOTING VITRINITE REFLECTANCE PROBLEMS USING FAMM: A GIPPSLAND AND OTWAY BASIN CASE STUDY

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Ellacott ◽  
N.J. Russell ◽  
R.W.T. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Gippsland Basin ◽  
Reflectance Data ◽  
Microprobe Technique

'Fluorescence alteration of multiple macerals' (FAMM) is a multi-parameter microprobe technique developed by CSIRO to provide the petroleum industry with an objective method of estimating thermal maturity of organic matter in sedimentary rocks. The technique is closely related to vitrinite reflectance methods, although the identification of vitrinite is not necessary; FAMM is based on the fluorescence alteration characteristics of vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite macerals in a sample. It is a powerful tool for the identification of casings, reworked material and hydrogen-rich (perhydrous) vitrinite, and has the capacity to correct for the effects of vitrinite reflectance suppression.The technique has been tested on Cretaceous coals from the Latrobe Group in Volador-1, offshore Gippsland Basin, where the identification of vitrinite is unequivocal, and on dispersed organic matter (DOM) in various clastic lithologies from the Cretaceous Waarre and Eumeralla Formations intersected by Flaxmans-1 and Port Campbell-4, onshore Otway Basin, where the identification of vitrinite is difficult and subjective.For the Volador-1 sequence, the FAMM-derived vitrinite reflectance (equivalent reflectance) and the measured vitrinite reflectance (VR) are similar, although the VR data are more scattered about the VR-depth regression line. The variability in the vitrinite reflectance data is largely due to compositional variation in the vitrinite. This variation however does not affect the equivalent vitrinite reflectance data to the same degree.In the sections intersected by Flaxmans-1 and Port Campbell-4, FAMM data indicate that vitrinite reflectance suppression is responsible for the large deviations of the measured values from the VR—depth regression line. In some of these samples the suppression effect may be as much as 0.20 per cent absolute.The FAMM technique offers a valuable supplement to VR determinations, or even a valid alternative in many practical situations.

THE SUPPRESSION OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCE IN SOME NORTH WEST SHELF WELLS: BARROW-1, JUPITER-1 AND FLAMINGO-1

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.T. Wilkins ◽  
J.R. Wilmshurst ◽  
G. Hladky ◽  
M.V. Ellacott ◽  
C.P. Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reflectance Data

The sediments of the North West Shelf pose several problems for the accurate determination of thermal maturity by vitrinite reflectance. There are some serious discrepancies between the results of different workers; in some wells there is a surprisingly small increase of reflectance with depth, and it is sometimes difficult to honour these data in thermal maturity modelling. There appear to be two major sources of error in the reflectance data. These are firstly, the effect known as 'suppression' of vitrinite reflectance, and secondly, the difficulty of identifying the vitrinite population in dispersed organic matter.These problems may be addressed by the fluorescence alteration technique which is closely related to vitrinite reflectance but has two special advantages. Firstly, it depends on an analysis of the fluorescence alteration response of a small representative population of organic matter in which the individual macerals need not be identified. Secondly, anomalous vitrinites with suppressed vitrinite reflectance are readily characterized, and the corrected equivalent reflectances determined.The technique has been tested on three North West Shelf petroleum exploration wells, Barrow-1, Jupiter-1 and Flamingo-1. Major discrepancies between measured and equivalent vitrinite reflectance appear to originate in part from the difficulty of identifying the vitrinite population in dispersed organic matter from marine sediments. There is also evidence of suppression of vitrinite reflectance in most samples from Barrow-1, in the Flamingo Group and Plover Formation of Flamingo-1, and in the upper part of the Mungaroo Formation of Jupiter-1.A model is proposed to facilitate the assessment of measured vitrinite reflectance data from Carnarvon or Bonaparte Basin wells. Suppression effects are likely to have influenced measured vitrinite reflectance results from wells for which the strongest data are obtained from the Lower Cretaceous fluvio-deltaic Barrow Group sediments or their equivalents.

THERMAL MODELLING IN THE EASTERN OTWAY BASIN

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Cooper ◽  
K.C. Hill ◽  
M. Wlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Fission Track ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
Fission Track Analysis ◽  
Reflectance Data ◽  
Track Analysis

Vitrinite reflectance data across the Otway Ranges yield a thermal maturity map that indicates the presence of a broad NE-SW trending anticline with strong vergence to the southeast. Surface Rv max values for the central part of the ranges are >1.5 whilst those on both limbs decrease to Apatite fission track analysis of seven Eumeralla (Lower Cretaceous) samples from the coast around Wye River yields an AFTA age of 90±5 Ma, consistent with similar cooling ages measured around most of the SE Australia margin. Modelling of the data is consistent with a stratigraphic age of -100 Ma, rapid heating to −80°C for −5 Ma followed by cooling from 95–80 Ma and further cooling in the Miocene.Geologically the very large asymmetric anticline can be explained by inversion of a thick rift sequence along a major, listric northwest-dipping fault, perhaps soling at mid-crustal levels. This is consistent with structures observed offshore in the Torquay Embayment and is being tested by the AGSO deep seismic profile BMR 920T1. Observed gravity highs in the Otway Ranges may be associated with inverted high density sediments. Fission track analysis indicates that the major cooling was at −90 Ma, which is therefore likely to be the time of inversion. However, this implies compression during continental breakup, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Geological Significance of the Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of the Qum Formation in Outcrop of the Northern Garmsar Area, Iran

Lithosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (Special 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Li ◽  
Jingchun Tian ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formation Conditions

Abstract The carbonate rocks were collected from the Qum Formation in outcrop of the northern Garmsar Area, Iran. In order to evaluating the hydrocarbon generation prospects of these source rocks, we analyzed their geochemical characteristics, including the abundance, type, and maturity of organic matter, and investigated their formation conditions by analyzing the characteristics of soluble organic matter and sedimentary environment. The results show that the organic matter abundance of the source rocks in the Qum Formation in the Garmsar Area is low in the north and west. The organic matter type is mainly II1-II2, locally showing type I and III, and in general, it is conducive to hydrocarbon generation. The maturity of organic matter is low, showing the Tmax between 416°C and 439°C, vitrinite reflectance (Ro) from 0.49% to 0.83%, which indicate it is at the stage of low to moderate maturity. The soluble organic matter characteristics indicated that the organic matter evolution of the source rocks in the Qum Formation is low. Through comparison between the study area and other areas, and different places within the working area, the abundance, type, and maturity of organic matter of the source rocks in the Qum Formation are different, caused by the basin facie zones, sedimentary environment, and history of sedimentation of the source rocks. Overall, the source rock in the Qum Formation in Garmsar Area has good prospects of hydrocarbon generation. This study has important significance for further exploration in the Garmsar Area.

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