Performance of pirimiphos-methyl based Indoor Residual Spraying on entomological parameters of malaria transmission in the pyrethroid resistance region of Koulikoro, Mali.
Abstract Background: Following mosquito vector resistance to both pyrethroid and carbamates, organophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl) was used for the Indoor Residual Spray campaigns performed in 2015 to 2016 in the district of Koulikoro. In this context, we assessed the effect of IRS on malaria transmission by comparing entomological indices in two localities: Koulikoro (LLINs+IRS), and Banamba (LLINs -only) districts. Methods: The study was conducted in two villages of each district (Koulikoro and Banamba). Pyrethrum spray catches and entry window trapping were used to collect mosquitoes on a monthly basis. WHO tube tests were carried out to assess mosquito susceptibility to insecticides. Mosquitoes were identified to species level by PCR and their infection to P. falciparum was detected by ELISA. Results: An. coluzii was the most frequent species. Its density was rainfall dependent in the no-IRS area, and almost independent in the IRS area. The infection rate (IR) in the no-IRS area was 0.96%, while it was null in the IRS area. In the no-IRS area, the entomological inoculation rates (EIR) was 0.21 infective bites /person month with a peak in September. High resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates and susceptibility to organophosphates was observed at all sites. Conclusion: The introduction of pirimiphos-methyl based IRS in the area resulted to a significant decrease in malaria transmission. An.gambiae s.l., the main malaria vector of the area, was resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates, and remained susceptible to the organophosphates.