scholarly journals Relationship among foveal avascular zone area, vessel density and foveal ganglion cell layer thickness changes in diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-ning Wang ◽  
Shu-ting Li ◽  
Xin-hua Du ◽  
Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone

Abstract Background To (i) evaluate the variations in the foveal avascular zone area (FAZ), vessel density (VD) and foveal ganglion cell layer (GCC) thickness changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR), as demonstrated by OCT angiography (OCTA) and (ii) correlate these variations. Methods This study was a retrospective observational case series of patients with DR. We studied a total of 64 eyes from patients with diabetic mellitus (DM), including 34 eyes with DR (DR group) and 30 eyes with DM without DR (NDR group). Additionally, 20 age-matched normal people were included as the control group. OCTA was performed using an NIDEK RS-3000 Advance device. Retinal capillary VD, FAZ area and GCC thickness were measured in the foveal regions (3*3 mm). Results The FAZ areas in the superficial (SRL) and deep capillary plexus layer (DL) were significantly enlarged in both the NDR and DR groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). In both the NDR and DR groups, the mean VD% in the SRL/DL, the SupGCC and InfGCC thickness were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the NDR and DR groups for these measurements. Multivariable linear regression showed that the AvgGCC thickness was correlated with FAZ area (b=-11.372, p=0.001) and VD% (b=0.752, p=0.007) in the DL. Conclusions The FAZ area, mean VD% and GCC thickness in DR patients were differed compared with healthy controls. The AvgGCC thickness was correlated with FAZ area and VD% in the DL.

scholarly journals Normative data on the foveal avascular zone in a young healthy Irish population using optical coherence tomography angiography

2022 ◽  
pp. 112067212110734
Author(s):  
Susan M. O'Shea ◽  
Veronica M. O’Dwyer ◽  
Grainne Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Avascular Zone

Purpose To establish normative data on the size, shape and vascular profile of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in a young, healthy, Irish population, using the Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT. Certain diseases may alter FAZ appearance. Normative databases provide normal baseline values for comparison, thus improving diagnostic ability. Methods One hundred and fifty-four subjects aged 18–35 years old were recruited. Superficial FAZ area, diameter, circularity, ganglion cell layer, central macular thickness (CMT), vascular perfusion and density were measured using the Cirrus 5000. Axial length was measured with the IOL Master and blood pressure was measured using the Omron sphygmomanometer. Results Mean FAZ area was 0.22 ± 0.07 mm2, mean CMT was 263.08 ± 18.73μm. Both were larger in females than males (p = 0.022, p = 0.000). Mean vessel density and perfusion central were 14.11 ± 2.77 mm/mm2 and 24.70 ± 4.96% respectively. Both were lower in females (p = 0.010, p = 0.019). Vessel density and perfusion inner correlated positively with minimum ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thickness (p = 0.001, p = 0.019). CMT correlated positively with vessel density and perfusion central (p = 0.000 for both) and negatively with FAZ area (p = 0.000). Conclusions This study provides normative data for FAZ appearance and vascularity for the first time in a young, healthy, Irish population, using the Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT. Establishing machine and population specific normative data, particularly in relation to vessel density and perfusion is paramount to the early identification of ocular disease using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

scholarly journals The quantitative measurements of choroidal thickness and volume in diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography; correlation with vision and foveal avascular zone

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Sahar Berijani ◽  
Ameneh Babeli ◽  
Houshang Faghihi ◽  
Alireza Gholizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone

Abstract Background To represent choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal volume (CV) databases in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients and healthy control participants using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). No study had evaluated CT at all main stages of diabetic retinopathy in a single study. Methods The study included 176 eyes from 93 patients (39–80 years old; 42% females) who were divided into three groups based on DR severity and normal control group: 39 eyes no DR, 64 eyes NPDR, 33 eyes PDR, and 40 eyes normal control. The CT and CV were measured and statistically analyzed. Intra-observer and inter-observer coefficients of repeatability were calculated. Results Subfoveal CT showed persistent thinning from normal group (322.50 ± 69.24) to no-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, 308.33 ± 74.45) to nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 283.45 ± 56.50) group and then thickening as the patient progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 295.17 ± 95.69) (P = 0.087). A significant difference was found between the control group and the NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups in nearly all CT and CV of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study macular subfields. Fasting blood sugar (FBS = 189.08 ± 51.3 mg/dl) and diabetes mellitus (DM) duration (13.6 ± 6.5 years) had no noticeable effect on CT. In patients with diabetes, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetic macular edema (DME), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were not affected by CT and CV. Conclusions The choroidal thickness decreases from the early stages of diabetic retinopathy up to the NPDR stage, with a subsequent modest rise in CT during the PDR stage. There was no correlation between FBS, diabetes duration, BCVA, DME, and FAZ, and CT.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of total macular and ganglion cell layer thickness in differentiating different stages of glaucoma: an SD-OCT study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Wen Yee Lee ◽  
Norlina Mohd Ramli ◽  
Amir Samsudin ◽  
Mimiwati binti Zahari ◽  
Azida Juana binti Wan Ab Kadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of mean macular retinal thickness (mRT) and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) thickness measured by Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) posterior pole thickness map (PPTM) in differentiating between normal and glaucoma eyes of different severity.Study design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: All subjects were divided into normal and glaucoma groups according to the visual fields-based Glaucoma Staging System. They underwent slit-lamp examination, Humphrey visual field test, and SD-OCT (PPTM) imaging. mRT and mGCL thickness measurements were recorded. Analysis of variance with the least significant difference post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison. Ability to discriminate between normal eyes and those with differing severity of glaucoma was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results: A total of 201 eyes from 201 subjects were enrolled in this study. The mean glaucoma was 290.2 ± 12.1 μm, 270.1 ± 17.0 μm, and 259.1 ± 15.0 μm, respectively. Mean mGCL thickness for the corresponding three groups was 32.3 ± 2.8 μm, 27.6 ± 3.3 μm and 22.2 ± 3.8μm, respectively. AUROC analysis showed excellent diagnostic discrimination between glaucoma and normal subjects for mRT (AUC: 0.90) and mGCL thickness (AUC: 0.92). The cut-off value of mRT was 274.9 μm (90% sensitivity, 75% specificity) and of mGCL thickness was 27.9 μm (93% sensitivity, 74% specificity). The discrimination ability performance of mRT and mGCL thickness deteriorated with increasing severity of glaucoma with mGCL thickness (AUC: 0.67–0.87) performing slightly better than mRT for all grades (AUC: 0.58–0.71).Conclusions: mRT and mGCL thickness measurement on PPTM showed great sensitivity and specificity to discern between normal and glaucomatous subjects. The discrimination ability of mRT and mGCL thickness, however, decreases with increasing grade of glaucoma. We believe SD-OCT PPTM offers an alternative imaging method to detect early glaucoma.

scholarly journals Examination of Retinal and Choroidal Structural Changes in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sena Tosun ◽  
Ayse Vural Ozec ◽  
Haydar Erdogan ◽  
Erman Bozali ◽  
Duygu Yalınbas Yeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective Examination of retinal nerve, ganglion cell layer thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Method : 30 individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and 30 healthy individuals compatible in terms of age and gender who applied to the Ophthalmology outpatient clinic for control were included in the study. The right and left eye data of the participants were used in statistical analysis. In addition to full ophthalmological examination (best corrected visual acuity, biomicroscopy, fundus examination), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and macular choroidal thickness (MCT) were measured by OCT. RNFL, GCL and MCT measurements were compared between the groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference between the RNFL and GCL thickness values of the individuals in both groups (p > 0.05). When compared in terms of choroidal thickness, left eye su bfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 0.036, p < 0.05) and 2 mm temporal choroidal thickness were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (p = 0.034, p < 0.05). Discussion The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of the eyes of children with ADHD. Cross-sectional studies with larger participation are needed to determine RNFL, GCL and choroidal changes.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Ganglion cell layer thickening in well‐controlled patients with type 1 diabetes: an early sign for diabetic retinopathy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca S. Gerendas ◽  
Katja Hatz ◽  
Alexandra Kaider ◽  
Henryk Zulewski ◽  
Roger Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Early Sign

scholarly journals Smoking Effect on Peripapillary and Macular Microvascular Structure in Inactive Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubra SERBEST CEYLANOGLU ◽  
Emine Malkoc Sen ◽  
Sibel Doguizi ◽  
Gozde Hondur
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Abstract ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the smoking effect on peripapillary and macular microvascular structure in patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and to compare these structures with those of healthy control subjects.MethodsA total of 34 healty participants (control group), 22 inactive GO patients with smoking (smoker group) and 19 inactive GO patients with nonsmoking (non-smoker group) were recruited in this prospective study. After detailed ophthalmological examination, vessel densities (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), retinal peripapillary capillary (RPC) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, acircularity index (AI) of the FAZ were analyzed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for each eye.ResultsVessel density in the total peripapillary; superior and inferior sectors of RPC were significantly lower in inactive GO patients with smoking (p<0.05 for all sectors) compared to control group. Besides, the FAZ AI was significantly higher in smoker and non-smoker inactive GO groups compared to healthy subjects (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). No significant difference was found in the FAZ area, and all SCP, DCP macular measurements between groups (p>0.05 for all).ConclusionOCTA findings of lower peripapillary VD in the smoker group show smoking effect on the optic disc head microvasculature in inactive GO patients. These results could reflect early subclinical optic disc vasculature damage in smoker inactive GO subjects.

scholarly journals Spectral-domain OCT changes in retina and optic nerve in children with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grego ◽  
S. Pignatto ◽  
E. Busolini ◽  
N. Rassu ◽  
F. Samassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Cerebral Oedema ◽  
Ganglion Cell Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic injury on the retina and the optic nerve and to correlate ocular damage with systemic parameters, laboratory tests, neurological imaging and therapeutic hypothermia at birth. Methods Forty-one children with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) at birth (9.09 ± 3.78 years) and a control group of 38 healthy subjects (9.57 ± 3.47 years) were enrolled in a cohort study. The HIE population was divided into three subgroups, based on the degree of encephalopathy according to Sarnat score and the treatment with therapeutic hypothermia (TH): Sarnat score I not treated with hypothermia, Sarnat score II-III treated with TH and Sarnat score II-III not subjected to TH. Total macular thickness, individual retinal layers and peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Clinical data of perinatal period of HIE children were collected: APGAR score, pH and base excess of funiculus blood at birth, apnoea duration, brain ultrasound, cerebral MRI ischaemic lesions and blood chemistry tests. Results Children with Sarnat score I did not show a reduction of peripapillary nerve fibres and ganglion cell layer compared to the control group (p = 0.387, p = 0.316). Peripapillary nerve fibre layer was 109.06 ± 7.79 μm in children with Sarnat score II-III treated with TH, 108.31 ± 7.83 μm in subjects with Sarnat score II-III not subjected to TH and 114.27 ± 6.81 μm in the control group (p = 0.028, p = 0.007). Ganglion cell layer was thinner in children with Sarnat score II-III treated with TH (50.31 ± 5.13 μm) compared to the control group (54.04 ± 2.81 μm) (p = 0.01). Inner retinal layers damage correlated with C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase increase, while higher levels of total bilirubin were protective against retinal impairment (p < 0.05). Cerebral oedema was related to peripapillary nerve fibre layer damage (p = 0.046). Conclusions Thickness reduction of inner retinal layer and peripapillary nerve fibre impairment was related to encephalopathy severity. Ocular damage was associated with inflammation and cerebral oedema following hypoxic–ischaemic damage.

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