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2022 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross M. Passo ◽  
Brittni A. Scruggs ◽  
Steven T. Bailey

Mammalia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari A. Rice ◽  
Madison T. Nadler ◽  
Isaac T. Grosner ◽  
Moed Gerveni ◽  
Logan K. Parr ◽  
...  

Abstract Cases of albinism have been reported in less than 2% of living rodent species. Here, we report the first description of complete albinism in Baiomys taylori along with photographic evidence. This adult female was captured on three occasions as part of a long-term small mammal study on rangelands of extreme southern Texas. The individual was developing teats upon the third capture, an early sign of pregnancy. Despite selective pressures against albino phenotypes, this animal was able to survive to adulthood and potentially pass its albino alleles to offspring.


2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Jayesh Sheth ◽  
Ira Mohapatra ◽  
Gangotri Patra ◽  
Riddhi Bhavsar ◽  
Chandni Patel ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Nadia Artha Dewi ◽  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Herisa Rahmasari ◽  
Mutiara Kristiani Putri ◽  
Rulli Rosandi ◽  
...  

Diabetic retinopathy is major cause of visual impairment and blindness in diabetic patients worldwide. The concept of diabetic retinopathy as vascular disease has established into not only microvascular complication but also neurodegeneration problems. Neurodegeneration plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In fact, neuroretinal changes in diabetes can take place even before vasculopathy can be clinically detected. This condition is marked by accelerated loss of neurons due to apoptosis, particularly in the inner retinal layer. The characteristic of neurodegeneration can be detected through retinal imaging and electrodiagnostics. This review is very crucial, because identifying the pathophysiology of diabetic neurodegeneration better, we may be able to provide interventions using the appropriate therapy. We may also be able to utilize these diagnostic tools for early detections of diabetic retinopathy, thus preventing blindness due to diabetes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Ayat Gamal-AbdelNaser

Acromegaly is a devastating chronic slowly progressive disease. Its early diagnosis is a challenging issue that necessitates clinical suspicion of signs and symptoms as a first step. This report introduces an unusual early sign in the oral cavity that lead to the early diagnosis of an acromegaly case. A case of a healthy 40-year-old male patient presented with progressively growing multiple hard swellings in the upper and lower jaws. Clinical examination revealed bony hard multiple small spiky exostosis-like swellings, located at the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bones. An array of investigations revealed a 2-mm diameter pituitary tumour in MRI of sella. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of spiky exostosis-like growths in the alveolar bone as an early sign of acromegaly. In this case, thorough examination of oral signs and symptoms was the first step for early diagnosis and hence, better prognosis for acromegaly.


Author(s):  
Heba A. Fouad ◽  
Hussam abdulshakour Jamaluddin ◽  
Mari Osman Alwadai ◽  
Ismail Zayed Alqahtani ◽  
Nawaf Abdullah AlGhuraybi ◽  
...  

The occurrence of parasomnias, which are most common during childhood, is one probable early sign of psychosis vulnerability. 6–8 Frequent nightmares have long been thought to play a role in the development of psychosis. In the outpatient clinics, sleep problems are one of the most common presentations. In fact, maladaptive sleep patterns are linked to up to 50% of major complaints in primary care settings. The etiology of parasomnias is unknown because no obvious cause has been identified; nonetheless, a variety of explanations have developed. The majority of childhood parasomnias (confessional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terror, and nightmares) are harmless, and most children outgrow them. As a result, reassuring and educating the parents can be beneficial in those situations without the need for medical assistance. With that being said there’s also serval medical approaches that address such a disease. In this article we will be looking at the disease epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Mária Najdeková ◽  
Simona Mlynárová ◽  
Jan Pavlíček ◽  
Pavla Hanzlíková ◽  
Eva Štěpánová ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxiao Li ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Hongyan Chen ◽  
Haihui Jiang ◽  
Chuanwei Yang ◽  
...  

Abstract PurposeNewly emerged or constantly enlarged contrast-enhancing (CE) instead of T2/FLAIR lesions were the necessary sign for the diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM) progression. This study aimed to investigate whether the T2/FLAIR abnormal transformation could predict and assess progression for GBMs, especially for dissemination. MethodsA consecutive cohort of 246 de novo GBM with regular follow-up and sufficient radiological data were included in this study. The series of T2/FLAIR, T1CE images were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were separated into T2/FLAIR and T1CE discordant and accordant subgroups based on the initial progression images.ResultsA total of 170 qualified patients were finally analyzed. The incidence of discordant T2/FLAIR and T1CE images was 25.9% (44/170). The median time of T2/FLAIR indicated tumor progression was 119.5 days (ranging from 57 days-unreached) prior to T1CE. Nearly half of patients (20/44, 45.5%) in discordant subgroup suffered from tumor dissemination, substantially higher than accordant patients (23/126, 20.6%, P<0.001). The median time to progression (TTP), post-progression survival (PPS), and overall survival (OS) were not statistically different (all P>0.05) between discordant and accordant patients. Conclusions T2/FLAIR abnormity could be the early sign of GBM progression, especially for newly emerged lesions disseminated from the primary cavity. Physicians should cast more attention on the dynamic change of T2/FLAIR images for progression assessment and subsequent clinical decision-making.


Author(s):  
Wael Hamza Kamr ◽  
Mohannad Saeed Almalki ◽  
Amr M. Ismaeel Saadawy ◽  
Ayman El-Tahan

Abstract Background Generally, Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is known to be more sensitive in diagnosis of acute stroke than other MR sequences. However, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR sequence founded to be sometimes more sensitive compared to DWI for the diagnosis of hyperacute stroke. Case presentation An 84 years old female patient brought to ER by ambulance due to loss of speech, dizziness and confusion. Neurological examination showed that the patient can raise her left hand and leg while partially moving her right hand and right leg. The patient had slurred speech. Provisional diagnosis was acute stroke and the patient admitted in the hospital. Non contrast CT scan of the brain was done, was negative for stroke. Then MRI was done showed no areas of restricted diffusion at the DWI sequence or ADC map. Prominent high signal vessels at the left temporal region and on Sylvian fissure were noticed on FLAIR sequence that might have suggested early sign of ischemic vascular insult. Conclusions Arterial hyperintensity on FLAIR images can precede diffusion abnormalities and may provide a clue to the early detection of impending infarction.


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