Pediatric Malaria Incidence and Risk Mapping With and Without Clinical Data in Sussundenga Municipality, Mozambique

Abstract BackgroundMalaria is a parasitic borne disease that affects red blood cells. The disease is preventable, detectable and treatable and more common in poor resource settings. It causes socioeconomic impacts, representing a large burden on the revenue of countries where it is endemic. Malaria is undoubtedly one of the main public health concerns impacting on families and the economy in Mozambique. Although the entire population of Mozambique is at risk of malaria, children and pregnant women have higher risk owing to lower immunity. Age category plays a significant important role in malaria occurrence and can affect the course and progression of the disease and correct treatment. Very few studies in pediatric malaria exists in Mozambique and the existing uses a simplistic and coarse grouping. Malaria risk is rarely uniform, whether considering households in a village, villages in a district or districts in a country. The knowledge of malaria pediatric incidence and, the need to evaluate the local heterogeneity by generating malaria risk maps can improve the understanding of pediatric malaria being the objective of this study. Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using existing malaria positive data from 2018 to 2019 at Rural Sussundenga Hospital (RSH) in Sussundenga municipality. Attributable factor of the disease and incidence were calculated. Proportion of gender, age category and location were tested using G test. For malaria risk mapping, ten malaria factors (anthropic, sociodemographic, climatic and clinic) were used to produce two maps one using malaria incidence and other without. Bioclimatic, Diva GIS 7.4.0 and, Landsat 8 image were used to produce the map.Results and conclusionThe findings revealed that of the, 42,248 patients who visited the local hospital f, 51.2 % tested positive for malaria with an incidence of 45.7 per 100 persons. There is a difference between residential areas in malaria incidence, with both maps showing malaria risk in Nhamazara, Nhamarenza and Unidade communities. This implies that malaria high risk areas seem to be located in high populated areas and areas close to water bodies. Relevant information is provided for effective planning in malaria intervention.

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Spatial and spatio-temporal methods for mapping malaria risk: a systematic review

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. e002919 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julius Nyerere Odhiambo ◽

Chester Kalinda ◽

Peter M Macharia ◽

Robert W Snow ◽

Benn Sartorius

Keyword(s):

Spatial Clustering ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Malaria Risk ◽

Risk Mapping ◽

Data Availability ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Clustering Methods ◽

Manual Search ◽

Geostatistical Models

BackgroundApproaches in malaria risk mapping continue to advance in scope with the advent of geostatistical techniques spanning both the spatial and temporal domains. A substantive review of the merits of the methods and covariates used to map malaria risk has not been undertaken. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically retrieve, summarise methods and examine covariates that have been used for mapping malaria risk in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsA systematic search of malaria risk mapping studies was conducted using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search was restricted to refereed studies published in English from January 1968 to April 2020. To ensure completeness, a manual search through the reference lists of selected studies was also undertaken. Two independent reviewers completed each of the review phases namely: identification of relevant studies based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, data extraction and methodological quality assessment using a validated scoring criterion.ResultsOne hundred and seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The median quality score across studies was 12/16 (range: 7–16). Approximately half (44%) of the studies employed variable selection techniques prior to mapping with rainfall and temperature selected in over 50% of the studies. Malaria incidence (47%) and prevalence (35%) were the most commonly mapped outcomes, with Bayesian geostatistical models often (31%) the preferred approach to risk mapping. Additionally, 29% of the studies employed various spatial clustering methods to explore the geographical variation of malaria patterns, with Kulldorf scan statistic being the most common. Model validation was specified in 53 (50%) studies, with partitioning data into training and validation sets being the common approach.ConclusionsOur review highlights the methodological diversity prominent in malaria risk mapping across SSA. To ensure reproducibility and quality science, best practices and transparent approaches should be adopted when selecting the statistical framework and covariates for malaria risk mapping. Findings underscore the need to periodically assess methods and covariates used in malaria risk mapping; to accommodate changes in data availability, data quality and innovation in statistical methodology.

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High-Resolution Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Risk Mapping in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe: Implications for Regaining Control

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.15-0865 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 141-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mufaro Kanyangarara ◽

Susan Mutambu ◽

Tamaki Kobayashi ◽

Edmore Mamini ◽

Lovemore Gwanzura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

High Resolution ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽

Malaria Risk ◽

Risk Mapping

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Landuse Impact On Environment Of Tuti Island, Sudan

GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY ◽

10.24057/2071-9388-2018-13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Ibrahim M. Ahmed ◽

Eltoum M. Abd Alla

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Environmental Study ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Rs And Gis ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Gis And Rs

Environmental study was carried out to describe a geographical area and its biodiversity. The example here shows the features of human nutrition habits and quality of life with specific study of negative impact on the environment and Earth resources.Tuti Island in Sudan was prone to this complex problem so it is taken as a case study. The hypothesis is that the use of RS and GIS could help in reconstruction of unused territories so it could help to solve the problem. Changes of land use and land cover were observed using classified Landsat 5 images in 1972, Landsat 7 in 1985 and Landsat 8 in 2018.The results showed that several temporal changes occurred beside turning dense tree cover land into lands with other landuse purposes for 1972, 1985 and 2018. Agricultural zones (crops and trees) were major dominant zones in 1972, 1985 and 2018. In addition, populated residential areas increased through time but not as significantly as trees, sand and cropping landuse areas (P=0.89082) as for the classified Landsat 8 image acquired in 2018. Ecosystem planning through GIS and RS could be a good way to solve most of these issues for the future of Tuti Island landuse.

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Trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34668/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Endashaw Esayas ◽

Asefa Tufa ◽

Fekadu Massebo ◽

Abdulhamid Ahemed ◽

Ibssa Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Elimination ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Malaria Risk ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

And Control

Abstract Abstract Background: Ethiopia has shown a notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the last two decades. Based on the progress, the country shifted from control to elimination of malaria. This study was conducted to analyse trends in malaria cases and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective malaria data recorded from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed from Harari Region, eastern Ethiopia. In addition, three years malaria data were used to assess the sub-district ( kebele ) level stratification of malaria incidence. Results: A total of 44,882 (46.9%) malaria cases were detected from 95,629 malaria-suspected outpatient diagnosed in Harari Region from 2013 to 2019. Of these, 41,046 were confirmed malaria cases (microscopically and rapid diagnostic test) while 3,836 were reported as clinical cases. In the region, malaria trend was fluctuating year to year, the high peak was reported in 2016 but malaria cases showed decreasing trend in number of malaria cases from 2017 to 2019. Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax and mixed infections were accounted for 69.2%, 30.6% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts, higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Jenella, Erer and Amir Nur districts, and about 80% of the cases were from these districts. According to the latest (2019) sub-district ( kebele ) level epidemiological data of malaria stratification, 8.3% of the sub-districts in the Harari region reported no malaria and a majority (61.1%) of sub-districts reported fewer than five cases per thousand population. Furthermore, there were no high malaria strata in the Region. The highest peak of malaria cases in the Region was reported from September to November followed by from April to May. Conclusions: In the Harari Region, the retrospective malaria data showed a significant declining trend. Thus, if this achievement is sustained and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible. Key words: Elimination, Harari region, Ethiopia, Incidence, Malaria, Sub-district, Stratification

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Statistical analysis and characterization of Landsat 8 satellite images of forest wildfires regions

ECORFAN Journal-Democratic Republic of Congo ◽

10.35429/ejdrc.2021.12.7.19.28 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-28

Author(s):

Sandra Paola Hernández-López ◽

Juan Israel Yañez-Vargas ◽

Andrea Gonzalez-Ramirez ◽

Deni Torres-Roman

Keyword(s):

Original Data ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Metallic Structures ◽

Spectral Signatures ◽

Working Medium ◽

Rank Approximation ◽

Svd Decomposition

The increase in the increase in wildfires throughout the world is largely due to increases in temperature and even to an increase in the carelessness of the population in leaving a large amount of the garbage in forests. Using Python and Matlab programs were as working medium. We performed the preprocessing on multispectral images obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite with and without wildfires, which consists of three steps: alignment, characterization and normalization, with the intention of standardization the images. From obtaining the spectral signatures of wildfires and metallic structures, boxes and whiskers diagrams, Shannon entropy and mutual information from the images, there are similar behavior in bands 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11, with more relevant information, taking into account that each image is formed by 11 bands, and in bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 there is less information, SVD decomposition allows to have the best k-rank approximation to the original data matrix. The purpose of this analysis is to reduce the computational complexity.

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Ice-nucleating particles in a coastal tropical site

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-6147-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 6147-6165 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luis A. Ladino ◽

Graciela B. Raga ◽

Harry Alvarez-Ospina ◽

Manuel A. Andino-Enríquez ◽

Irma Rosas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Aerosol Particles ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Data Sets ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Few Data

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles that can nucleate ice are referred to as ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Recent studies have confirmed that aerosol particles emitted by the oceans can act as INPs. This very relevant information can be included in climate and weather models to predict the formation of ice in clouds, given that most of them do not consider oceans as a source of INPs. Very few studies that sample INPs have been carried out in tropical latitudes, and there is a need to evaluate their availability to understand the potential role that marine aerosol may play in the hydrological cycle of tropical regions. This study presents results from the first measurements obtained during a field campaign conducted in the tropical village of Sisal, located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico in January–February 2017, and one of the few data sets currently available at such latitudes (i.e., 21∘ N). Aerosol particles sampled in Sisal are shown to be very efficient INPs in the immersion freezing mode, with onset freezing temperatures in some cases as high as −3 ∘C, similarly to the onset temperature from Pseudomonas syringae. The results show that the INP concentration in Sisal was higher than at other locations sampled with the same type of INP counter. Air masses arriving in Sisal after the passage of cold fronts have surprisingly higher INP concentrations than the campaign average, despite their lower total aerosol concentration. The high concentrations of INPs at warmer ice nucleation temperatures (T>-15 ∘C) and the supermicron size of the INPs suggest that biological particles may have been a significant contributor to the INP population in Sisal during this study. However, our observations also suggest that at temperatures ranging between −20 and −30 ∘C mineral dust particles are the likely source of the measured INPs.

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Delayed iron improves iron status without altering malaria risk in severe malarial anemia

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 (5) ◽

pp. 1059-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah E Cusick ◽

Robert O Opoka ◽

Andrew S Ssemata ◽

Michael K Georgieff ◽

Chandy C John

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Severe Malaria ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Iron Status ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Malaria Risk ◽

Antimalarial Treatment ◽

Severe Malarial Anemia ◽

Iron Treatment ◽

Malarial Anemia

ABSTRACT Background WHO guidelines recommend concurrent iron and antimalarial treatment in children with malaria and iron deficiency, but iron may not be well absorbed or utilized during a malaria episode. Objectives We aimed to determine whether starting iron 28 d after antimalarial treatment in children with severe malaria and iron deficiency would improve iron status and lower malaria risk. Methods We conducted a randomized clinical trial on the effect of immediate compared with delayed iron treatment in Ugandan children 18 mo–5 y of age with 2 forms of severe malaria: cerebral malaria (CM; n = 79) or severe malarial anemia (SMA; n = 77). Asymptomatic community children (CC; n = 83) were enrolled as a comparison group. Children with iron deficiency, defined as zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) ≥ 80 µmol/mol heme, were randomly assigned to receive a 3-mo course of daily oral ferrous sulfate (2 mg · kg–1 · d–1) either concurrently with antimalarial treatment (immediate arm) or 28 d after receiving antimalarial treatment (delayed arm). Children were followed for 12 mo. Results All children with CM or SMA, and 35 (42.2%) CC, were iron-deficient and were randomly assigned to immediate or delayed iron treatment. Immediate compared with delayed iron had no effect in any of the 3 study groups on the primary study outcomes (hemoglobin concentration and prevalence of ZPP ≥ 80 µmol/mol heme at 6 mo, malaria incidence over 12 mo). However, after 12 mo, children with SMA in the delayed compared with the immediate arm had a lower prevalence of iron deficiency defined by ZPP (29.4% compared with 65.6%, P = 0.006), a lower mean concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (6.1 compared with 7.8 mg/L, P = 0.03), and showed a trend toward fewer episodes of severe malaria (incidence rate ratio: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.12). Conclusions In children with SMA, delayed iron treatment did not increase hemoglobin concentration, but did improve long-term iron status over 12 mo without affecting malaria incidence. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01093989.

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Fine-scale malaria risk mapping from routine aggregated case data

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2875-13-421 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Hugh JW Sturrock ◽

Justin M Cohen ◽

Petr Keil ◽

Andrew J Tatem ◽

Arnaud Le Menach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Risk ◽

Risk Mapping ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Case Data

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Adult Learners and Their Development in the Information Society

Integrating Adult Learning and Technologies for Effective Education ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-694-0.ch005 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 82-100

Author(s):

Lesley Farmer

Keyword(s):

Adult Learning ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Sensitive Information ◽

Digital World ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

Information Interaction ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

Informational Environment ◽

Self Potential ◽

Cross Fertilization

In a digital world where the amount of information doubles every two years, adults need to evaluate resources carefully and determine how to use relevant information to solve problems and make wise decisions. This changing informational environment affects adult education, and also emphasizes the need for lifelong education and learning organizations, and the intersection of technology and globalization has led to more intense and pluralistic interactions across societies. Because information’s meaning and impact are contextualized, shared knowledge and understanding can be harder to achieve. Therefore, information literacy and knowledge management are needed in order to fully realize one’s self-potential and an organization’s vision. Emerging trends that impact adult learning are discussed: equity, culturally-sensitive information, and information cross-fertilization. A model of adult learning and information interaction is provided.

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