scholarly journals Synergistic Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Repurposed Anti-Parasitic Drug Combinations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunlakanya Jitobaom ◽  
Chompunuch Boonarkart ◽  
Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen ◽  
Nuntaya Punyadee ◽  
Suparerk Borwornpinyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Service System ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Health Service System

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives and devastated the health service system, livelihood and economy in many countries worldwide. Despite the initiation of vaccination programs in many countries, the spread of the pandemic continues and effective treatment is still urgently needed. Although some antiviral drugs have been shown to be effective, they are not widely available. Repurposing of anti-parasitic drugs with in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity is a promising approach being tested in many clinical trials. Combination of these drugs is a plausible way to enhance their effectiveness. We tested in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of combinations of Niclosamide, Ivermectin, and Chloroquine; and show here that these combinations resulted in more than 10-fold reduction in the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) as compared to individual drugs. Synergy landscape analyses showed Niclosamide-Ivermectin combination to have the best synergy score with a peak Loewe synergy score of over 20 and a mean score of 6.60 in Vero E6 cell and a peak Loewe synergy score of 13.2 and a mean score of 2.897 in Calu-3 cells.

Accountability and Responsiveness — Use of Mini-Charts

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Richard J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Service System ◽  
Health Service System

All health professionals must be responsive and accountable to the patients they serve. Pharmacists can be responsive and accountable. The use of MINI-CHARTS would eliminate some of the fragmentation that currently exists in our health service system and would insure accountability of the health professional to the patient. MINI-CHARTS also represent a mechanism to educate the patient, the consumer of services.

scholarly journals Health Care System in Sudan: Review and Analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT Analysis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mohammed Abdullah Ebrahim ◽  
Luam Ghebrehiwot ◽  
Tasneem Abdalgfar ◽  
Muhammad Hanafiah Juni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Service System ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Health Service System ◽  
Care System

Background: The Republic of the Sudan located in north-east of Africa and is considered to be a lower-middle income country. The country has well established healthcare system with many drawbacks mainly due to economic and managerial reasons followed by prolonged political instability and sanctions.Objective: The aim of this study is to give an insight over the health services system in Sudan and to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT).Materials and Methods: The search was done from two electronic databases: MEDLINE/Pubmed and from public search engines: Google Scholar and Google with key Search words used mainly as “Healthcare system in Sudan “. Additionally, SWOT analysis of healthcare system in Sudan was carried out based on the Roemer’s model of health service system. Results: The Sudanese healthcare system was analyzed for different components of the system: The system in Sudan has full package of strategic plans and policies be it in a long term or short. Despite this there is poor implementation and organization along with frail health information system. The main external factors that drawback the system is the overall economic instability which resulted in cutting of the health expenditure.Conclusion: The Sudan is a rich country in terms of natural resources and population. Its health service system has strengths and weaknesses. It needs to build on its qualified human work force, stress on its well-designed short and long-term strategies on health care system and the partnership with external funding institutions, while overcoming the challenges on creating the proper health information system, economic support system and centralization of health service and professionals. Keywords: Health Care System, Sudan, SWOT analysis

scholarly journals Dalbavancin, Vancomycin and Daptomycin Alone and in Combination with Cefazolin against Resistant Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus in a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir ◽  
Razieh Kebriaei ◽  
Kyle C. Stamper ◽  
Zain Sheikh ◽  
Philip T. Maassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Kill

The most efficacious antimicrobial therapy to aid in the successful elimination of resistant S. aureus infections is unknown. In this study, we evaluated varying phenotypes of S. aureus against dalbavancin (DAL), vancomycin (VAN), and daptomycin (DAP) alone and in combination with cefazolin (CFZ). The objective of this study was to observe whether there was a therapeutic improvement in adding a beta-lactam to a glycopeptide, lipopeptide, or a lipoglycopeptide. We completed a series of in vitro tests including minimum inhibitory concentration testing (MIC) of the antimicrobials in combination, time-kill analysis (TKA), and a 168 h (7-day) one-compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model on two daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS), vancomycin intermediate S. aureus strains (VISA), D712 and 6913. Results from our MIC testing demonstrated a minimum 2-fold and a maximum 32-fold reduction in MIC values for DAL, VAN, and DAP in combination with CFZ, in contrast to either agent used alone. The TKAs completed on four strains paralleled the enhanced activity demonstrated via the combination MICs. In the one-compartment PK/PD models, the combination of DAP plus CFZ or VAN plus CFZ resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) improvement in bactericidal activity and overall reduction in CFU/ml over the 7-day period. While the addition of CFZ to DAL improved time to bactericidal activity, DAL alone demonstrated equal and more sustained overall activity compared to all other treatments. The use of DAL alone, with or without CFZ and the combinations of VAN or DAP with CFZ appear to result in increased bactericidal activity against various recalcitrant S. aureus phenotypes.

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