Spatial Distribution of Trophic Groups of Amoebae Around the Root Zone of Zea Mays Mycorrhizal With Rhizophagus Intraradices Grown in Microcosms

Abstract Fitness and productivity of most terrestrial plants depend on early associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mutualistic bacteria. Plants select most of the microbial communities cohabiting their roots and mycorrhizosphere, attracting also all types of microbial predators. Naked amoebae are among the most voracious predators inflicting significant changes in soils bacterial and fungal populations. We evaluated how roots of Zea mays with or without Rhizophagus intraradices mycorrhizosphere (AMF) influence trophic groups of amoebae, along vertical (3, 6, and 9-cm) and horizontal soil distribution (roots and free-root compartments) grown in microcosms after, 20 days. Amoebae community in Non-AMF showed a high species richness in the root zone at 3 to 6-cm depth, and at the two free-root compartment away from plants. Conversely, AMF and mycelium zones modified the amoeba community at 6 to 9-cm depth, recording higher diversity of trophic groups than unplanted soil compartments. The highest bacterivorous diversity was found at the closer compartment to AMF roots, but fungivorous amoebae was not recorded. Amoebae feeding preferences were similar in both AMF and Non-AMF microcosms in where bacterivorous amoebae were dominant, while protozoa-eating amoebae were more frequent at the mycelium compartments. Rare amoebae species were found in AMF microcosms in comparison to those recorded from Non-AMF and unplanted microcosms.

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Evaluation of commercial composts and potting mixes and their ability to support arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with maize (Zea mays) as host plant

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 187-196

Author(s):

M.J. Salomon ◽

S.J. Watts-Williams ◽

M.J. McLaughlin ◽

C.J. Brien ◽

N. Jewell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Host Plant ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

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The Phosphate Inhibition Paradigm: Host and Fungal Genotypes Determine Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization and Responsiveness to Inoculation in Cassava With Increasing Phosphorus Supply

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.693037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Alexander Peña Venegas ◽

Soon-Jae Lee ◽

Moses Thuita ◽

Deusdedit Peter Mlay ◽

Cargele Masso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Field Trials ◽

P Uptake ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

P Availability ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽

P Supply

A vast majority of terrestrial plants are dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for their nutrient acquisition. AMF act as an extension of the root system helping phosphate uptake. In agriculture, harnessing the symbiosis can potentially increase plant growth. Application of the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis has been demonstrated to increase the yields of various crops. However, there is a paradigm that AMF colonization of roots, as well as the plant benefits afforded by inoculation with AMF, decreases with increasing phosphorus (P) supply in the soil. The paradigm suggests that when fertilized with sufficient P, inoculation of crops would not be beneficial. However, the majority of experiments demonstrating the paradigm were conducted in sterile conditions without a background AMF or soil microbial community. Interestingly, intraspecific variation in R. irregularis can greatly alter the yield of cassava even at a full application of the recommended P dose. Cassava is a globally important crop, feeding 800 million people worldwide, and a crop that is highly dependent on AMF for P uptake. In this study, field trials were conducted at three locations in Kenya and Tanzania using different AMF and cassava varieties under different P fertilization levels to test if the paradigm occurs in tropical field conditions. We found that AMF colonization and inoculation responsiveness of cassava does not always decrease with an increased P supply as expected by the paradigm. The obtained results demonstrate that maximizing the inoculation responsiveness of cassava is not necessarily only in conditions of low P availability, but that this is dependent on cassava and fungal genotypes. Thus, the modeling of plant symbiosis with AMF under different P levels in nature should be considered with caution.

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THE EFFECT OF INDIGENOUS ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND CELLULOLYTIC FUNGI TO THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS IN INCEPTISOL OF ACEH.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/8234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 1047-1055

Author(s):

Nasrullah a ◽

◽

Sufardi b ◽

Ashabul Anhar ◽

Fikrinda c ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Cellulolytic Fungi

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859618000023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 (1) ◽

pp. 46-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Caixia Liu ◽

Sabine Ravnskov ◽

Fulai Liu ◽

Gitte H. Rubæk ◽

Mathias N. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Growth Response ◽

Root Zone ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

N Uptake ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Low Phosphorus

AbstractDeficit irrigation (DI) improves water use efficiency (WUE), but the reduced water input often limits plant growth and nutrient uptake. The current study examined whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could alleviate abiotic stress caused by low phosphorus (P) fertilization and DI.A greenhouse experiment was conducted with potato grown with (P1) or without (P0) P fertilization, with AMF (M1+:Rhizophagus irregularisor M2+:Glomus proliferum) or AMF-free control (M−) and subjected to full irrigation (FI), DI or partial root-zone drying (PRD).Inoculation of M1+ and M2+ maintained or improved plant growth and P/nitrogen (N) uptake when subjected to DI/PRD and P0. However, the positive responses to AMF varied with P level and irrigation regime. Functional differences were found in ability of AMF species alleviating plant stress. The largest positive plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ was found under FI, both at P1 and P0 (25% increase), while plant biomass response to M1+ and M2+ under DI/PRD (14% increase) was significantly smaller. The large growth response to AMF inoculation, particularly under FI, may relate to greater photosynthetic capacity and leaf area, probably caused by stimulation of plant P/N uptake and carbon partitioning toward roots and tubers. However, plant growth response to AMF was not related to the percentage of AMF root colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can maintain and improve P/N uptake, WUE and growth of plants both at high/low P levels and under FI/DI. If this is also the case under field conditions, it should be implemented for sustainable potato production.

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