Morphological identification of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi from mangrove soil under Rhizophora stylosa stands

Mangrove forest is one of the forest ecosystems that can be found in tidal areas. Mangrove forest have ecological, socio-economic benefits for organisms that live in the sea. One of the microorganism that live in mangrove forest is fungus. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi from mangrove soil. Soil samples were collected from a stands of Rhizophora stylosa in Lubuk Kertang Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. Soil samples were taken randomly with a dept of 0-20 cm. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing fungi was carried out using Pikovskaya medium and cellulolytic fungi using carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) medium. To determine the effectiveness of fungi qualitatively, the phosphate solubility and cellulolytic index were calculated. All isolates obtained were identified morphologically by observing colonies macroscopically and microscopically. This study obtained 12 isolates of phosphate solubilizing and 8 isolates of cellulolytic fungi. Phosphate solubility index ranging from 2.06-2.87 and cellulolytic index of 0.33-3.00. Morphological identifications showed that all isolates of phosphate solubilizing fungi belonged to the genus Aspergillus, while all isolates of cellulolytic fungi belonged to the genus Chaetomium.

Isolation and screening of local cellulolytic fungi from the digestive tract larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros L., North Sumatra

Cellulose, which is the main component of plant cell walls from higher plants, has been studied from different aspects. It is insoluble in a wide variety of solvents and is resistant to various chemicals treatments. Fungi are a group of cellulose-degrading microbes and plays major role in recycling of lignocellulosic material in nature. This study aimed to obtain cellulolytic fungi from the digestive tract of Oryctes rhinoceros L. larvae and to determine cellulolytic activity. Isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi in the digestive tract of insects were carried out with specific medium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and the Congo Red method to obtain potential cellulolytic isolates. Eleven fungal isolates showed positive results as cellulolytic fungi. The highest cellulolytic activity was obtained from isolate F05L with a cellulolytic index of 0.90 and isolate F10L of 0.66. The smallest cellulolytic activity was obtained from isolate F02L with a cellulolytic index of 0.14. All isolates would be identified to the species level and analyzed its potential applications. Our result can provide in addition to the environmental and industrial fields, cellulolytic fungi can a solution to the problem of pollution, namely reducing the amount of cellulose waste, and can be added value to the use of waste into processed organic fertilizers to be able to provide solutions to the problem of organic waste degradation.

Characterization of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi isolated from soil under Eurycoma longifolia stands

Eurycoma longifolia is one of the potential medicinal plants and has a high economic value if developed. The bioactive compound produced by E. longifolia has potential as medicine, thus causing increased exploitation of their habitat. This condition resulted in the decreasing population of E .longifolia in nature. The distribution of E. longifolia is influenced by soil fertility conditions. The presence of phosphate solubilizing fungi and cellulolytic fungi in the soil can support the growth of E. longifolia in nature. The purpose of this study was to calculate the population of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi and to identify the types of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi found in the soil under E. longifolia stands. Soil samples were taken randomly at a depth of 0–20 cm in a natural forest of Papaso Village, Lubu Sutam District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra. Population and isolation of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi were obtained by dilution methods. The isolates obtained were identified morphologically to the genus level by macroscopic and microscopic observation of colonies. The results showed that the population of phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic fungi were 6.64 × 104 CFU/mL and 9.31 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively. The isolation results in 11 isolates of phosphate solubilizing and 10 isolates of cellulolytic fungi. Based on the morphological identification of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolates consisted of 5 genera, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Mucor, while isolates of cellulolytic fungi also included 5 genera, namely Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Mucor.

Isolasi Jamur Selulolitik Trichoderma pada Beberapa Limbah Organik

Cellulolytic fungi have an important role for the largest material flow in the biosphere. Trichoderma fungi are ubiquitous and have the ability to degrade cellulose. The study was conducted to isolate dan screen Trichoderma cellulolytic fungi from soil heaps of some organic waste. Soil samples were taken from soil heaps of some organic waste to isolate Trichoderma cellulolytic fungi. The sampling method is carried out randomly from top soil layers of organic waste litter (bagasse, sugar cane leaf, rice straw, and garbage). Isolation and screening of Trichoderma fungi are determined based on observations of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics referring to the key of fungal determination. Cellulolytic ability of Trichoderma isolates was carried out by growing on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) media as a single carbon source by measuring the diameter of the colony and the diameter of the clear zone formed. There were 7 Trichoderma fungal isolates that showed cellulolytic activity. Based on clear zone formation, Trichoderma harzianum showed highest cellulolytic than Trichoderma viride.