Assessing the growth response of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Xynisteri, Maratheftiko, Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc to different irrigation regimes.

The world’s changing climate is placing great pressure on the resources for sustainable viticulture. With this, it has become necessary to investigate grape varieties that are well adapted to hot climates. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the response of Xynisteri to different irrigation regimes, and (2) compare the performance of Xynisteri, Maratheftiko, Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc grown in pots with different irrigation regimes. Trial one was established in a commercial Xynisteri vineyard in Cyprus under three different irrigation regimes - full, 50% and no irrigation in 2019. Trial two compared three irrigation regimes - full, 50% and 25% in a potted trial of Xynisteri and Sauvignon Blanc conducted in Cyprus in 2019. Trial three was a potted trial of Xynisteri, Sauvignon Blanc, Maratheftiko and Shiraz with the same three irrigation regimes conducted in Australia in 2020/21. Vine performance and physiology measurements were taken in both trials. Fruit composition analysis, yield (field trial only), shoot, trunk and root mass measurements were performed at the end of the season. Few differences between measures were found between irrigation regimes in the field trial. Fruit composition analysis revealed fructose to be lowest in the full irrigation group compared to deficit and no irrigation treatments. The potted trial in 2019 demonstrated that for all three irrigation regimes, Xynisteri had higher stem water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content than Sauvignon Blanc. Xynisteri produced greater end of season root, shoot and leaf mass than Sauvignon Blanc under all irrigation regimes. In 2020/21, Xynisteri had greater end of season root, shoot and leaf mass than Maratheftiko and Sauvignon Blanc with Shiraz the lowest. Few significant differences in stem water potential were observed in the early stages of the trial. However, toward the end of the trial and with reduced irrigation, Xynisteri and Maratheftiko had higher stem water potential than Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc. Xynisteri had higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content than Maratheftiko and both were higher than Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz. These results indicate that Xynisteri in particular may possess better cultivar specific growth traits than Shiraz and Sauvignon Blanc when grown under the same environmental conditions and in turn may be a more appropriate choice in areas where water is limited.

A Model of Evapotranspirative Irrigation to Manage the Various Water Levels in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Its Effect on Crop and Water Productivities

Evapotranspirative irrigation is a simple idea in a watering field based on the actual evapotranspiration rate, by operating an automatic floating valve in the inlet without electric power to manage water levels. The current study introduces a model of evapotranspirative irrigation and its application under different water levels. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the performances of evapotranspirative irrigation under various irrigation regimes, and to (2) to observe crop and water productivities of the system of rice intensification (SRI) as affected by different types of irrigation. The experiment was performed during one rice planting season, starting from July to November 2020, with three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CFI), moderate flooded (MFI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI). Good performance of the system was achieved; low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes. Developing a better drainage system can improve the system. Among the regimes, the WSI regime was most effective in water use. It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield. In addition, it has the highest water-use efficiency index. The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes, respectively. Accordingly, the evapotranspirative irrigation was effective in controlling various water levels, and we recommend the system implemented at the field levels.

CRESCIMENTO VEGETATIVO DA MORINGA EM DISTINTOS REGIMES DE IRRIGAÇÃO ASSOCIADOS A COMPOSIÇÕES DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS

CRESCIMENTO VEGETATIVO DA MORINGA EM DISTINTOS REGIMES DE IRRIGAÇÃO ASSOCIADOS A COMPOSIÇÕES DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS VALDIR MOURA DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR1; THAYS SOUSA LOPES1; JOÃO VALDENOR PEREIRA FILHO1; JAILDO RIBEIRO BARBOSA1; ROBERT WILLIAM FERREIRA SOARES1; CARMEM CRISTINA MARECO DE SOUSA PEREIRA2 1Centro Integrado de Ensino Superior, Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI), Rua Almir Benvindo, s/n, bairro Aeroporto, 64860-000, Uruçuí, Piauí, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. [email protected] 1 RESUMO A moringa possui ampla adaptabilidade e se condiciona, com muita facilidade, ao clima e solo do Nordeste brasileiro. Ainda são escassas as informações sobre a produção de mudas desta espécie sob composições de substratos associados a regimes de irrigação. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento vegetativo de plantas de moringa submetidas a distintas composições de substratos e regimes de irrigação. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente telado, no período de setembro a outubro de 2020, na área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Uruçuí. Adotou-se um delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial, sendo, o primeiro fator, dois regimes de irrigação (50 e 100% da ETo) e o segundo fator, cinco substratos (SB1 = latossolo vermelho; SB2 = substrato comercial; SB3 = solo + esterco; SB4 = solo + cinza vegetal; SB5 = solo + borra de café), com 5 repetições. Aos 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram avaliadas a altura de plantas e o diâmetro do caule. Os parâmetros de crescimento inicial da cultura da moringa foram afetados significativamente pela interação (regimes de irrigação x substratos), sendo os melhores resultados obtidos, na maioria dos substratos utilizados, com a aplicação do regime hídrico de 100% da ETo. Palavras-chave: Moringa oleifera Lam, produção de mudas, déficit hídrico. OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, V. M.; LOPES, T. S.; PEREIRA FILHO, J. V.; BARBOSA, J. R.; SOARES, R. W. F.; PEREIRA, C. C. M. S. VEGETATION GROWTH OF MORINGA IN DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ASSOCIATED WITH COMPOSITIONS OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES 2 ABSTRACT Moringa has wide adaptability and is very easily conditioned to the climate and soil of northeastern Brazil. Information on the production of seedlings of this species under compositions of substrates associated with irrigation regimes is still scarce. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the vegetative behavior of moringa plants submitted to different compositions of substrates and irrigation regimes. The experiment was carried out in a screened environment, from September to October 2020, in the experimental area of ​​the State University of Piauí, Uruçuí. An experimental design was adopted in a factorial scheme, the first factor being two irrigation regimes (50 and 100% of ETo) and the second factor, five substrates (SB1 = red oxisol; SB2 = commercial substrate; SB3 = soil + manure; SB4 = soil + vegetable ash; SB5 = soil + coffee grounds), with 5 repetitions. At 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height and stem diameter was evaluated. The initial growth parameters of the moringa crop were significantly affected by the interaction (irrigation regimes x substrates), with the best results obtained, in most of the substrates used, with the application of the water regime of 100% of ETo. Keywords: Moringa oleifera Lam, seedling production, water deficit.

Productivity and economics of rice cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation

Shortage of water in rice cultivation is major problem in India. To safeguard and sustain food security in India, it is quite important to increase the productivity of rice under limited water resources. To investigate the performance of rice cultivars under the best method of irrigation and system of cultivation in new condition an experiment was conducted to study the "productivity and water use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes and systems of cultivation" on clay loam soils of Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during the kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018. The treatment comprised of two irrigation regimes viz., AWD and saturation as main plot treatments, three establishment methods viz., system of rice intensification, drum seeding and TP as subplot treatments and four cultivars namely DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, MTU-1010 and NLR-34449 as sub-sub plot treatments summing up to 24 treatment combinations laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the irrigation regimes, AWD irrigation practice recorded higher grain yield (5755, 5952 and 5854 kg ha-1 in 2017, 2018 and pooled means, respectively) than saturation. Among the different systems of cultivation, the SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield (5953, 6129 and 6041 kg ha-1 during 2017, 2018 and in pooled means, respectively) over the TP method. Among the different rice cultivars, DRR Dhan 43 registered remarkably higher grain yield than other cultivars during 2017 and 2018.