scholarly journals Does the seed disperser matter? The influence of dispersal type on survival of Araucaria angustifolia seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Inês Squinzani ◽  
Pitágoras Augusto Piana ◽  
Carlos Rodrigo Brocardo
Keyword(s):  
Predation Rate ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Dispersal Mode ◽  
Seed Disperser ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
High Predation Rate ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
High Predation

Abstract Zoochoric dispersion is fundamental for the colonization of habitats by plants with large and heavy seeds such as the Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia). This is an endangered conifer from South America whose recruitment is heavily impacted by animals, but the way that different zoochoric dispersal modes and deposition sites can affect its successful establishment is not known yet. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dispersal mode (accordingly to the seed disperser), distance from adult conspecifics, and disposition site on long-term recruitment success. The experimental design included two environments (forest and open field) and each of them received 30 micro-habitat sampling stations (simulating deposition sites: 10 under conspecific; 10 far from conspecifics, next to a landmark; and 10 far from conspecifics, without a landmark), and each microhabitat had three levels of dispersal type simulating animal treatment (intact buried seed; intact seed over the ground; partially preyed seed over the ground), each with five seeds, totaling 900 seeds. In the forest environment, an experiment was also conducted to verify the fate of seeds using the spool and line technique. The environment and the micro-habitat alone did not explain seed survival, although the dispersal type given by the animal disperser was significant for survival and the buried seeds were the only ones that survived until the last survey. With the spool and line seed experiment, we attested that most of the Paraná pine seeds were preyed after removal (81.5%), and only buried seeds survived, reinforcing the role of scatter-hoarding animals as important agents in the Paraná pine dispersal. This way, our results showed that Paraná pine seeds suffer a very high predation rate, and that only a few seeds escape from predators and recruiting (only 1.1% of the all seeds used in the two experiments), indicating that the survival of seeds is a critical step in the life cycle of this plant, highlighting the role of dispersal mode in recruiting success.

Resource-dependent mutual association with sap-feeders and a high predation rate in the ant Crematogaster scutellaris: help or harm in olive pest control?

BioControl ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-611
Author(s):  
Filippo Frizzi ◽  
Alberto Masoni ◽  
Lorenzo Ottonetti ◽  
Lorenzo Tucci ◽  
Giacomo Santini
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
High Predation Rate ◽  
High Predation

scholarly journals Minicutting technique and IBA application in vegetational propagation of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e553101422610
Author(s):  
Felipe Bueno Dutra ◽  
Bruno dos Santos Francisco ◽  
Lausanne Soraya de Almeida ◽  
Ivonir Piotrowski Santos ◽  
Emerson Viveiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
High Predation Rate ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Native Tree Species

Vegetative propagation is an alternative for the production of seedlings of native tree species such as Schinus terebinthifolia that presents a high predation rate on its seeds. In order to develop vegetative propagation technology, different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) were tested in the rooting of apical and intermediate minicuttings of Schinus terebinthifolia. The 2x4 factorial experimental design involved two types of minicuttings (apical and intermediate) and four dosages of the hormone IBA (0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg. L-1). The percentages of survival and rooting were evaluated. The intermediate minicuttings (37% and 35%) showed significantly greater survival than the apical cuttings (22% and 9%) respectively at 30 and 60 days, regardless of the IBA concentration. Among the rooting averages at 60 days obtained in the different concentrations of IBA, the treatment of 4000 mg. L-1 generated the highest results (9% for apical and 35% for intermediate). The vegetative propagation by minicuttings of Schinus terebinthifolia demonstrated the viability of intermediate minicuttings with high rooting associated with the highest concentration of IBA.

scholarly journals Geospatial technology perspectives for mining vis-a-vis sustainable forest ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Goparaju ◽  
P. Rama Chandra Prasad ◽  
Firoz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Forests, the backbone of biogeochemical cycles and life supporting systems, are under severe pressure due to varied anthropogenic activities. Mining activities are one among the major reasons for forest destruction questioning the survivability and sustainability of flora and fauna existing in that area. Thus, monitoring and managing the impact of mining activities on natural resources at regular intervals is necessary to check the status of their depleted conditions, and to take up restoration and conservative measurements. Geospatial technology provides means to identify the impact of different mining operations on forest ecosystems and helps in proposing initiatives for safeguarding the forest environment. In this context, the present study highlights the problems related to mining in forest ecosystems and elucidates how geospatial technology can be employed at various stages of mining activities to achieve a sustainable forest ecosystem. The study collates information from various sources and highlights the role of geospatial technology in mining industries and reclamation process.

scholarly journals The dawn of social bonds: what is the role of shared experiences in non-human animals?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 20200201
Author(s):  
Laura Busia ◽  
Matteo Griggio
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Shed Light

Group-living animals can develop social bonds. Social bonds can be considered a type of social relationship characterized by frequent and consistent affiliative (non-reproductive) interactions. Social bonds with conspecifics bring many advantages, also in terms of direct fitness. A characteristic of social bonds is that they need time to develop. Several studies on humans have emphasized the fact that sharing experiences can affect the strength of social bonds. A similar trend can be spotted in non-human species. For example, a recent experiment showed that if chimpanzees watched a video together with a conspecific, they spent more time in proximity compared to conspecifics with whom they did not actively watch a video. Another experiment on fish showed that individuals who experienced a situation of high predation risk together, showed preference for each other compared to those who did not. As the link between shared experiences and social bonds is not explicitly recognized in non-human animals, the main goal of this work is to propose the exploration of this novel research path. This exploration would contribute to shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms of social bond (or friendship) development and maintenance between individuals in different vertebrate species, from fish to non-human primates.

The role of dung beetles as a secondary seed disperser after dispersal by frugivore mammals in a temperate deciduous forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Koike ◽  
Hideto Morimoto ◽  
Chinatsu Kozakai ◽  
Isao Arimoto ◽  
Masashi Soga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Seed Disperser ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

The role of Alnus in improving the forest environment

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Tarrant ◽  
James M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Forest Environment

Buried seed populations in the subarctic forest east of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2933-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Great Slave Lake ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Moist Environment ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Subarctic Forest

Buried seeds were studied in the subarctic forest east of Great Slave Lake, N.W.T., where 62 surface samples were collected in upland vegetation of different ages and compositions. No seeds germinated from any of the samples after cold treatment and exposure to warm, moist environment. Seeds were present in the soil, but most of them proved non-viable by the tetrazolium chloride test.Lack of viable buried seeds is consistent with a poleward decrease in the buried viable seed populations under forests. Possibly the gradient parallels a decrease in length of growing season and its effect on germination strategies. The lack of viable buried seeds provides a partial explanation of observed slow vegetational recovery after fire in subarctic forests.

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