Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant for chrysanthemum stem and leaf in zebrafish inflammatory bowel disease model and identification of the bioactive compositions by UPLC-TQ/MS

Abstract Background Modern studies have shown that chrysanthemum has anti-inflammatory, regulating intestinal function and other effects, chrysanthemum stem and leaf as a nonmedicinal part of chrysanthemum, has similar chemical components with chrysanthemum, so it is speculated that chrysanthemum stem and leaf also has the effect of regulating intestinal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effect of chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract through zebrafish inflammatory bowel disease model, and to detect flavonoids, phenolic acids and polysaccharides in chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract. Methods DSS induced inflammatory bowel disease model of zebrafish was used. Aliciin blue staining was used to observe the secretion of intestinal acid mucin, and H&E staining was used to detect the inflammatory cell infiltration. Superoxide dismutase activity was determined by kit, and the expression levels of key inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL8 and MMP9 were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, UPLC-TQ /MS method was used to detect the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in chrysanthemum stem and leaf extracts. Neutral and acidic polysaccharides were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the carbazol-sulfuric acid method. Results H&E staining showed that extracts from chrysanthemum stem and leaf inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration to varying degrees. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL8 and MMP9 were significantly increased in DSS induced zebrafish. The extracts inhibited the expression of IL-1 β , IL8 and MMP9 in DSS induced zebrafish. The water extract 0.2mg/ mL and alcohol extract 0.04mg/ mL had the most significant inhibition. Superoxide dismutase activity in extract treatment group was also up-regulated compared with model group. The results showed that the contents of total flavonoids and phenolic acids in the alcohol extract of chrysanthemum stem and leaf were significantly higher than those in the water extract of chrysanthemum stem and leaf, but the water-soluble polysaccharides were significantly more in the water extract of chrysanthemum stem and leaf. Conclusions In conclusion, this study suggests that chrysanthemum stem and leaf extract can improve inflammatory bowel disease of zebrafish through antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities.

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Fecal Lipocalin-2 as a Sensitive and Noninvasive Biomarker in the TNBS Crohn’s Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1177/0192623316665927 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1084-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heidi Hsieh ◽

Jeffrey Morin ◽

Cyndi Filliettaz ◽

Rao Varada ◽

Shelby LaBarre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Saline Water ◽

Disease Model ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Lipocalin 2 ◽

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽

Noninvasive Biomarker ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Colitis induced by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) has been used as a model for Crohn’s disease (CD) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) is an emerging and clinically relevant biomarker of IBD. We investigated the performance of serum and fecal Lcn-2 in the TNBS model of colitis. Female, 7-week-old, BALB/c mice were administered intrarectally phosphate-buffered saline/water or 30% ethanol (vehicle control groups) for 5 days or TNBS for 5 days followed by a 28-day recovery phase. Serum and fecal levels of Lcn-2 were quantified, and effects on body weight, clinical scores, colon weight and length, gross pathology, and histopathology were investigated. Increased serum Lcn-2 levels correlated only with marked to severe inflammation. A clear differentiation in Lcn-2 fecal levels between TNBS-treated and vehicle-treated control mice was most noticeable on days 2 and 3. There was a strong correlation between body weight change, histopathologic scores of inflammation, and/or fecal Lcn-2 levels on days 2 and 5. Both serum and fecal Lcn-2 levels declined over time as the colonic mucosa recovered. Fecal Lcn-2 was found to be a more sensitive biomarker (vs. serum Lcn-2) and was able to discriminate mild, moderate, and severe colonic inflammation.

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Nonhypoalbuminemic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Dogs as Disease Model

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/izab064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Hernandez ◽

Elodie Rouillé ◽

Florian Chocteau ◽

Marie Allard ◽

Karine Haurogné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Interindividual Variability ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Disease Model ◽

Protein Loss ◽

Tissue Concentrations ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Antibody Levels

Abstract Background The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, emphasizing the need of relevant models, as dogs spontaneously affected by IBD may be, for better knowledge of the disease’s physiopathology. Methods We studied 22 client-owned dogs suffering from IBD without protein loss and 14 control dogs. Biopsies were obtained from the duodenum, ileum, and colon. Inflammatory grade was assessed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and chemokine analysis. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in mucosa was immunohistochemically evaluated. Antibody levels against bacterial ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and flagellin) were measured in sera using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results Dogs with IBD showed low to severe clinical disease. Histopathologically, the gut of dogs with IBD did not exhibit significant alterations compared with controls except in the colon. The number of CD3+ T lymphocytes was decreased in the ileum and colon of dogs with IBD compared with controls, whereas the numbers of Foxp3+, CD20+, and CD204+ cells were similar in the 2 groups. Three chemokines, but no cytokines, were detected at the protein level in the mucosa, and the disease poorly affected their tissue concentrations. Dogs with IBD exhibited higher serum reactivity against LPS and flagellin than controls but similar immunoreactivity against the receptors TLR4 and TLR5. In addition, TLR2 and TLR9 showed similar expression patterns in both groups of dogs. Conclusions Our data described dysregulated immune responses in dogs affected by IBD without protein loss. Despite fairly homogeneous dog cohorts, we were still faced with interindividual variability, and new studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate the dog as a model.

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