Environmental Impact of Land-use Changes and Soil Loss on Coastal Coral Reef Cover: Study Case in the Small Tropical Island, Indonesia

Abstract Over 24% of coral reefs in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, experience damage from development in coastal areas by coastal construction, land conversion, beach nourishment, and port construction. The rapid economic development activities around the coast of Bintan Island impact the extraction of natural resources and reduction of the coral reefs cover. A comprehensive study to determine the temporal change in land use and estimate the rate of soil loss and its effects on coral reef cover is needed. There has been a change in land use for five years (2014-2018) on the east coast of Bintan Island, and the average percentage of coral reef cover is in the fair category (<50%). The land-use changes have resulted in soil loss that varies each year. Apart from land-use changes, the factor of rainfall is one of the causes of soil loss. Soil loss is generated from cultivated lands due to the lack of conservation techniques. In east Bintan island, mixed garden, plantation, and bare land area with dense canopy cover contributed increasing of soil loss. The contribution of soil loss to hard coral reefs as a result of land use changes from high to low is soil erosion > soil sediment > surface run-off.

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Modeling Soil Erosion and Landscape Metric Analysis of River Catchments in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.3.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Shannon Diversity Index ◽

Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽

Data Sampling ◽

Shannon Diversity ◽

Soil Loss Equation

To determine the soil erosion in ungauged catchments, the author used 2 methods: Universal Soil Loss Equation model and sampling data. Sampling data were used to verify and validate data from model. Changing land use due to human activities will affect soil erosion. Land use has changed significantly during the last century in Pulau Pinang. The main rapid changes are related to agriculture, settlement, and urbanization. Because soil erosion depends on surface runoff, which is regulated by the structure of land use and brought about through changes in slope length, land-use changes are one of many factors influencing land degradation caused by erosion. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to estimate past soil erosion based on land uses from 1974 to 2012. Results indicated a significant increase in three land-use categories: forestry, built-up areas, and agriculture. Another method to evaluate land use changes in this study was by using landscape metrics analysis. The mean patch size of built-up area and forest increased, while agriculture land use decreased from 48.82 patches in 1974 to 22.46 patches in 2012. Soil erosion increased from an estimated 110.18 ton/km2/year in 1974 to an estimated 122.44 ton/km2/year in 2012. Soil erosion is highly related (R2 = 0.97) to the Shannon Diversity Index, which describes the diversity in land-use composition in river basins. The Shannon Diversity Index also increased between 1974 and 2012. The findings from this study can be used for future reference and for ungauged catchment research studies.

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Assessment of the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion in Serbia

Glasnik srpskog geografskog drustva ◽

10.2298/gsgd2101031l ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 31-47

Author(s):

Marko Langovic ◽

Slavoljub Dragicevic ◽

Ivan Novkovic ◽

Nenad Zivkovic ◽

Radislav Tosic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Large Scale ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Arable Land ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Lateral Migration ◽

Channel Migration ◽

Riverbank Erosion

Riverbank erosion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes which cause various landscape, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. Although those processes are present on the territory of Serbia, there is no available data about the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion for the entire country. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the riverbank erosion for the largest internal rivers in Serbia (Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Juzna Morava, Pek, Mlava, Veliki Timok, Kolubara) was assessed using remote sensing and GIS. The aim of this paper is to determine the total and average soil loss over large-scale periods (1923-2020), comparing data from the available sources (aerial photographs, satellite images, and different scale paper maps). Results indicated that lateral migration caused significant problems through land loss (approximately 2,561 ha), especially arable land, and land use changes in river basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. Total and average soil loss was calculated for five most representative meanders on all studied rivers, and on the basis of the obtained values, certain regularities about further development and dynamics of riverbank movement are presented. A better understanding of river channel migration in this area will be of a great importance for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management and land use changes, environment protection.

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Evaluating the Contribution of Trees outside Forests and Small Open Areas to the Italian Landscape Diversification during the Last Decades

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9110701 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lorenzo Sallustio ◽

Marco di Cristofaro ◽

Maaz Hashmi ◽

Matteo Vizzarri ◽

Tommaso Sitzia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Large Scale ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Small Scale ◽

Trees Outside Forests ◽

Large Scale Assessment ◽

Average Size ◽

Policy And Planning

Land use by humans strongly alters the landscape mosaic, either by reducing or increasing its heterogeneity. One of the most recent and widespread land use changes in Europe has been the spontaneous reforestation of marginal agricultural lands. These primarily affected small landscape patches, such as trees outside forests (TOF) and small open areas (SOA), often represent the most diversifying features of landscape’ structures. Nevertheless, only small-scale studies can be found in the literature and thus it remains a relatively unexplored issue. Integrating inventory and cartographic approaches, this work assesses changes in abundance, coverage, and average size of small patches in Italy between 1990 and 2013. Main results showed an overall increase in number and coverage of small patches during the reference period. The average patch size remains unaltered for TOF but decreases significantly for SOA, due to trees encroachment and canopy cover increasing in forests. Our findings confirm the important changes in Mediterranean land mosaics and contribute to a better understanding of current conditions and recent trends regarding TOF and SOA. The integrated approach has proven to be helpful for the large-scale assessment of small patches dynamics, representing a viable monitoring tool to encourage the inclusion of small patches in landscape policy and planning.

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MODELLING AND MAPPING OF SOIL EROSION ON THE OUED EL MALLEH CATCHMENT USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.4090/juee.2013.v7n2.302307 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 302-307

Author(s):

Omar El Aroussi

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Use ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Field Studies ◽

Water Volume ◽

Water Storage Capacity ◽

Rusle Model

In Morocco, the spectacular expansion of erosive processes shows increasingly alarming aspects. Due to the considerable costs of detailed ground surveys for studying this phenomenon, remote sensing is an appropriate alternative for analyzing and evaluating the risks of the expansion of soil degradation. According to an FAO study (2001), Erosion threatens 13 million ha of cropland and rangeland in northern Morocco and induces an estimated average water storage capacity loss of 50 million m3 each year through dam silting. The lost water volume could potentially be used to irrigate 5000 to 6000 ha / year. This study analyses soil erosion on the Oued El Malleh catchment, a 34 km2 catchment located in the north of Fez (Morocco). This contribution aims at mapping the spatio-temporal evolution of land use and modelling the erosion and sedimentation processes using the well known RUSLE model. Land use changes were assessed using Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ images, from the 1987-2011 periods which were validated by field studies. The images were first georeferenced and projected into the Moroccan coordinate system (Merchich North) then processed to evaluate soil loss through a GIS package (Idrisi Andes Software). These static assessments of soil loss were then used in a deposition/sedimentation algorithm to model soil loss propagation to the downstream. The soil loss averages determined by the model vary between 1.09 t/ha/yr as a minimum value for the reforested lands and 169.4 t/ha/yr as a maximum value for the uncultivated lands (badlands). The latter generally correspond to Regosols or low protected soils located on steep slopes. In comparison with RUSLE, the sedimentation model yields lower values of soil losses; only 97.3 t/h/year for the uncultivated lands, and -0.34 t/ha/year in the reforested land, indicating an on-going sedimentation process. By taking into account the temporal variability of erosion and deposition jointly lower values of soil erosion are calculated by the RUSLE model. However, despite this decline, land degradation problems are still important due to the combination of land use and local lithology. The results of this study were used to indentify areas where interventions are needed to limit land degradation processes.

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Modeling soil erosion and deposition within a Mediterranean mountainous environment utilizing remote sensing and GIS – Wadi Tlata, Morocco

Geographica Helvetica ◽

10.5194/gh-63-36-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 36-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Chen ◽

L. A. Lewis ◽

A. El Garouani

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Use ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Erosion And Deposition ◽

Critical Areas ◽

Time Period ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Olive Trees

Abstract. This article presents the results of the GIS-based analysis of four Landsat and Spot images covering a fifteen year period (1987, 1994, 2000, 2002). The purpose of the study was to establish a means of rapidly determining land cover and land use changes, as well as spatial patterns of erosion and deposition, in areas with relatively poor data bases and where soil loss results primarily from nonchannelized flows. The procedure selected involved the following: establishment of land use class distribution and size for each year of observation, static estimation of soil loss, calculation of net erosion and deposition, and prioritisation of critical areas. Thus, for the targeted 123 km2 Tlata catchment of northeastern Morocco, six main land use classes could be defined (highly degraded lands, annual cereal crops fields, mixed farmlands, olive trees, reforested areas, and natural protected forest). Analysis of remote sensing data allowed establishment of the areal distribution of each land use class for each year. Soil loss was estimated using a RUSLE module integrated in a GIS framework. These static areal estimates of soil loss were then fed into a sedimentation algorithm that models downslope movement of soil loss. From the resulting spatial (flow) movements, net erosion and deposition for each time period could be estimated. The results permit, at the least, an ordinal ranking of erosion and deposition within the basin. This supports decision-making processes on prioritization of areas where interventions are needed to ameliorate or prevent land degradation.

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Environment, Climate and Society in Roman and Byzantine Butrint

Late Antique Archaeology ◽

10.1163/22134522-12340063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-17

Author(s):

Mario Morellón ◽

Gaia Sinopoli ◽

Adam Izdebski ◽

Laura Sadori ◽

Flavio Anselmetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Byzantine Empire ◽

Economic Expansion ◽

Analytical Results ◽

Run Off ◽

Climate And Society

AbstractA multiproxy analysis (sedimentology, geochemistry and pollen) of sediments recovered in the Butrint lagoon (Albania) allows us to reconstruct the environmental changes that occurred in the area during the 1st millenniumAD. In this paper, we compare these analytical results with the evidence provided by archaeological investigations carried out at the site of the Roman city of Butrint (surrounded by these lagoon waters) and in the city’s hinterlands. From this, we can say that different periods of farming and siltation (AD400–600 and 700–900) were accompanied by increased run-off and wetter conditions in the region. This coincided with the territorial and economic expansion of the Byzantine empire, suggesting the key role of trade in the profound land use changes experienced in Butrint.

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Recent Land Use Changes on an Urban Watershed in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada

Environnement urbain ◽

10.7202/1036220ar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Mélanie LeBlanc ◽

Guillaume Fortin

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Land Uses ◽

Urban Watershed ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Run Off ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Natural Land ◽

The City

Changes in land use, which threaten ecosystems and habitats, have an impact on run-off and water quality on urban areas. Using a GIS program we have classified the land use of the Humphreys Brook watershed and quantified the changes that have occurred using landscape metrics. A rapid growth of the city emerges from our results. All land use types of urban nature have seen an increase in surface areas to the detriment of natural land uses. Moreover the landscape indices are showing signs of rectangularity, where humans have introduced straight edges, and other common processes of transformation to the landscape.

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Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Pantai Empu Rancak Kabupaten Jepara

Jurnal Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.14710/jkt.v21i1.2301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suryono Suryono ◽

Edi Wibowo ◽

Raden Ario ◽

Nur Taufiq SPJ ◽

Ria Azizah

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Good Condition ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Marine Tourism ◽

Run Off ◽

Index Value ◽

Line Intercept

Abstract Coral Reef Condition In Coastal Waters of Empu Rancak, Mlonggo, Regency of Jepara Empu Rancak coastal waters in Karanggondang village, Mlonggo District is one of the coral reef ecosystem location in coastal area of Jepara Regency. Following the growth of culinary and Marine tourism bring the need for monitoring the condition of coral reefs so that such activity does not provide ecological impacts against the condition of coral reefs. The method used to assess the condition of coral reefs is Line Intercept Transect which done by percentage calculation of living coral coverage. The research results shows that the condition of the coral reefs in a depth of 3 metres found coral cover percentage of 4.5%, while at a depth of 6 meters found coral cover percentage of 9.7%. From this result indicates the coral reefs in critical condition，however the high biodiversity and dominance index value is presumed that these coral reefs was in good condition. It`s showed by the high percentage of coral die either at a depth of 3 metres (95.54%) or at a depth of 6 meters(90.30%). The diversity of species of coral were found at a depth of 3 meters consist of 6 genus, they are: Goniastrea sp., Favia sp., Galaxea sp., Porites, Acropora sp. and Montipora sp., whereas at a depth of 6 meters were found more species of coral diversity for at least 11 genus, they are: Acropora sp., Favites sp., Echinopora sp., Goniastrea sp. Symphyllia agaricia sp, Favia sp., Goniopora sp., Porites sp., Montipora sp., Platygyra sp., and Montastrea sp. The condition of coral reefs cover which relatively critical are caused by decreasing the quality of waters ecology that caused by sedimentation rate and runoff processes of land activity, high waves in northwest monsoon and the growth of culinary tourism as well as marine tourism in Empu Rancak coastal waters gradually worsen the condition of coral reefs. Keywords : Coral reef, tourism, Line Intercept Transect, AbstrakPerairan pantai Empu Rancak desa Karanggondang, Kecamatan Mlonggo merupakan salah satu lokasi ekosistem terumbu karang yang berada pesisir di kabupaten Jepara. Dengan berkembangnya aktivitas wisata kuliner serta wisata bahari, maka perlu dilakukan pemantauan kondisi terumbu karang agar kegiatan tersebut tidak tidak memberikan dampak ekologi terhadap kondisi terumbu karang. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menilai kondisi terumbu karang adalah dengan metode perhitungan persentase penutupan karang hidup menggunakan Line Intercept Transect. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kondisi terumbu karang di kedalaman 3 meter ditemukan prosentasi tutupan karang sebesar 4,5 %, sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 meter ditemukan prosentase tutupan karang sebesar 9,7 %, maka kondisi terumbu karang di perairan pantai empu rancak Mlonggo, dalam kondisi buruk sekali, namun tingginya keanekaragaman dan nilai indeks dominasi, maka diduga bahwa terumbu karang dilokasi penelitian pernah dalam kondisi baik sebelumnya. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan tingginya prosentase karang mati baik pada kedalaman 3 meter (95,54 %) maupun pada kedalaman 6 meter (90,30 %). Keanekaragaman jenis karang yang ditemukan pada kedalaman 3 meter terdiri atas 6 genus yaitu : GoniastreaSp., Favia Sp., Galaxea Sp., Porites Sp., Acropora Sp.,dan Montipora Sp.,sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 meter ditemukan keanekaraamanan jenis karang yang lebih banyak (11 genus), yaitu : Acropora sp., Favites sp., Echinopora sp., Goniastrea sp., Symphyllia agaricia, Favia sp., Goniopora sp., Porites sp., Montipora sp., Platygyra sp. ,dan Montastrea sp. Kondisi tutupan terumbu karang yang relatif buruk sekali diduga diakibatkan oleh menurunnya kualitas ekologi perairan yang diakibatkan oleh oleh tekanan laju sedimentasi serta proses run off dari aktivitas didaratan, tingginya paparan gelombang pada saat musim barat serta berkembangnya wisata kuliner serta wisata bahari di perairan Pantai Empu rancak yang memperburuk kondisi terumbu karang. Kata Kunci : Terumbu Karang, pariwisata, Line Intercept Transect

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