scholarly journals Comparison of self-reports and biomedical measurements on hypertension and diabetes among older adults in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghong Xie ◽  
Jiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: Researchers interested in the effects of health on various life outcomes often use self-reported health and disease as an indicator of true, underlying health status. However, the validity of reporting is questionable as it relies on the awareness, recall bias and social desirability. Accordingly, biomedical test is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the disease.Methods: Using data from the third wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we selected individuals aged 40-85 years old who participated in both health interview survey and biomedical test. Sensitivity, specificity, false negative reporting and false positive reporting were used as measurements of (dis)agreement or (in)validity, and binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate under-report or over-report of hypertension and diabetes. Results: Self-reported hypertension and diabetes showed low sensitivity (73.24% and 49.21%, respectively) but high specificity (93.61% and 98.05%, respectively). False positive reporting of hypertension and diabetes were 3.97% and 1.67%, while false negative reports were extremely high at 10.14% and 7.38%. Educational attainment, hukou, age and gender affected both group-specific error and overall error with some differences in their magnitude and directions.Conclusion: Self-reported conditions underestimate the disease burden of hypertension and diabetes in China. Adding objective measurements into social survey could improve data accuracy and allow better understanding of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to provide basic health education and physical examination to citizens, and promote the use of healthcare to lower the incidence and unawareness of disease in China.

scholarly journals Comparison of self-reports and biomedical measurements on hypertension and diabetes among older adults in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghong Xie ◽  
Jiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Researchers interested in the effects of health on various life outcomes often use self-reported health and disease as an indicator of true, underlying health status. However, the validity of reporting is questionable as it relies on the awareness, recall bias and social desirability. Accordingly, biomedical test is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the disease. Methods Using data from the third wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we selected individuals aged 40–85 years old who participated in both health interview survey and biomedical test. Sensitivity, specificity, false negative reporting and false positive reporting were used as measurements of (dis) agreement or (in) validity, and binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate under-report or over-report of hypertension and diabetes. Results Self-reported hypertension and diabetes showed low sensitivity (73.24 and 49.21%, respectively) but high specificity (93.61 and 98.05%, respectively). False positive reporting of hypertension and diabetes were 3.97 and 1.67%, while false negative reports were extremely high at 10.14 and 7.38%. Educational attainment, hukou, age and gender affected both group-specific error and overall error with some differences in their magnitude and directions. Conclusion Self-reported conditions underestimate the disease burden of hypertension and diabetes in China. Adding objective measurements into social survey could improve data accuracy and allow better understanding of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to provide basic health education and physical examination to citizens, and promote the use of healthcare to lower the incidence and unawareness of disease in China.

scholarly journals Comparison of self-reports and biomedical measurements on hypertension and diabetes among older adults in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghong Xie ◽  
Jiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: Researchers interested in the effects of health on various life outcomes often use self-reported health and disease as an indicator of true, underlying health status. However, the validity of reporting is questionable as it relies on the awareness, recall bias and social desirability. Accordingly, biomedical test is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the disease.Methods: Using data from the third wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we selected individuals aged 40-85 years old who participated in both health interview survey and biomedical test. Sensitivity, specificity, false negative reporting and false positive reporting were used as measurements of (dis)agreement or (in)validity, and binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate under-report or over-report of hypertension and diabetes. Results: Self-reported hypertension and diabetes showed low sensitivity (73.24% and 49.21%, respectively) but high specificity (93.61% and 98.05%, respectively). False positive reporting of hypertension and diabetes were 3.97% and 1.67%, while false negative reports were extremely high at 10.14% and 7.38%. Educational attainment, hukou, age and gender affected both group-specific error and overall error with some differences in their magnitude and directions.Conclusion: Self-reported conditions underestimate the disease burden of hypertension and diabetes in China. Adding objective measurements into social survey could improve data accuracy and allow better understanding of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to provide basic health education and physical examination to citizens, and promote the use of healthcare to lower the incidence and unawareness of disease in China.

scholarly journals Understanding the Social Construction of Health by Incorporating Biomarker in the Contemporary China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
donghong xie ◽  
Jiwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: Researchers interested in the effect of health on various life outcomes often use self-reported health and disease as an indicator of true, underlying health status. However, the validity of reporting is questionable as it relies on the awareness, recall bias and social desirability. Accordingly, the measured biomarker is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the disease. Objectives: The study aimed to examine the discrepancy between the reporting and biomarkers of hypertension and diabetes in the contemporary China, and explore sociodemographic characteristics that are correlated with misreporting. Methods: Using data from the third wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we selected individuals aged 40-85 years old who participated in both a health interview survey and a biomarker examination. Sensitivity, specificity, false negative reporting and false positive reporting were used as measurements of (dis)agreements or (in)validity. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate under-report or over-report of hypertension and diabetes. Results: Self-reported hypertension and diabetes showed low sensitivity (71.98% and 49.21%, respectively) but high specificity (93.71% and 98.05%, respectively). False positive reporting of hypertension and diabetes were 3.85% and 1.67%, while false negative reports were extremely high at 10.85% and 7.38%. Education degree, hukou, age and gender affected both the specific error and the overall error of reporting hypertension and diabetes, but there were some differences in the magnitude and direction. Conclusion: Self-reported conditions underestimate the disease burden of hypertension and diabetes. Adding objective measurements into social survey could improve data accuracy allowing better understanding of socioeconomic inequalities in health, especially collecting biological indicators for populations with limited access to regular healthcare in China. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to provide basic health education and physical examination to citizens, to facilitate access to healthcare and make focused interventions to lower the incidence and unawareness of disease in China.

Validity of hearTest Smartphone-Based Audiometry for Hearing Screening in Workers Exposed to Noise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Cordeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Silvia Ferrite ◽  
Ana Paula Corona
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Purpose This article investigates the validity of a smartphone-based audiometry for hearing screening to identify hearing loss in workers exposed to noise. Research Design This is a validation study comparing hearing screening with the hearTest to conventional audiometry. The study population included all workers who attended the Brazilian Social Service of Industry to undergo periodic examinations. Sensitivity, specificity, the Youden index, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for hearing screening obtained by the hearTest were estimated according to three definitions of hearing loss: any threshold greater than 25 dB hearing level (HL), the mean auditory thresholds for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz greater than 25 dB HL, and the mean thresholds for 3, 4, and 6 kHz greater than 25 dB HL. Note that 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all measurements. Results A total of 232 workers participated in the study. Hearing screening with the hearTest presented good sensitivity (93.8%), specificity (83.9%), and Youden index (77.7%) values, a NPV (97.2%), and a low PPV (69.0%) for the identification of hearing loss defined as any auditory threshold greater than 25 dB HL. For the other definitions of hearing loss, we observed high specificity, PPV and NPV, as well as low sensitivity and Youden index. Conclusion The hearTest is an accurate hearing screening tool to identify hearing loss in workers exposed to noise, including those with noise-induced hearing loss, although it does not replace conventional audiometry.

Investigating the clinical usefulness of definitions of progression with 10-2 visual field

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318188
Author(s):  
Shotaro Asano ◽  
Hiroshi Murata ◽  
Yuri Fujino ◽  
Takehiro Yamashita ◽  
Atsuya Miki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Humphrey Field Analyzer ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background/AimTo investigate the clinical validity of the Guided Progression Analysis definition (GPAD) and cluster-based definition (CBD) with the Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 test in diagnosing glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression, and to introduce a novel definition with optimised specificity by combining the ‘any-location’ and ‘cluster-based’ approaches (hybrid definition).Methods64 400 stable glaucomatous VFs were simulated from 664 pairs of 10-2 tests (10 sets × 10 VF series × 664 eyes; data set 1). Using these simulated VFs, the specificity to detect progression and the effects of changing the parameters (number of test locations or consecutive VF tests, and percentile cut-off values) were investigated. The hybrid definition was designed as the combination where the specificity was closest to 95.0%. Subsequently, another 5000 actual glaucomatous 10-2 tests from 500 eyes (10 VFs each) were collected (data set 2), and their accuracy (sensitivity, specificity and false positive rate) and the time needed to detect VF progression were evaluated.ResultsThe specificity values calculated using data set 1 with GPAD and CBD were 99.6% and 99.8%. Using data set 2, the hybrid definition had a higher sensitivity than GPAD and CBD, without detriment to the specificity or false positive rate. The hybrid definition also detected progression significantly earlier than GPAD and CBD (at 3.1 years vs 4.2 years and 4.1 years, respectively).ConclusionsGPAD and CBD had specificities of 99.6% and 99.8%, respectively. A novel hybrid definition (with a specificity of 95.5%) had higher sensitivity and enabled earlier detection of progression.

scholarly journals Evaluation of optimal urine screening and confirmation cut-off values for opiates, at a national reference laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Karakükcü ◽  
Mehmet Zahid Çıracı ◽  
Derya Kocer ◽  
Mine Yüce Faydalı ◽  
Muhittin Abdulkadir Serdar
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
National Reference Laboratory ◽  
Urine Screening ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Objectives To obtain optimal immunoassay screening and LC-MS/MS confirmation cut-offs for opiate group tests to reduce false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) rates. Methods A total of 126 urine samples, −50 opiate screening negative, 76 positive according to the threshold of 300 ng/mL by CEDIA method – were confirmed by a full-validated in-house LC-MS/MS method. Sensitivity, specificity, FP, and FN rates were determined at cut-off concentrations of both 300 and 2,000 ng/mL for morphine and codeine, and 10 ng/mL for heroin metabolite 6-mono-acetyl-morphine (6-MAM). Results All CEDIA opiate negative urine samples were negative for morphine, codeine and 6-MAM. Although sensitivity was 100% for each cut-off; specificity was 54.9% at CEDIA cut-off 300 ng/mL vs. LC-MS/MS cut-off 300 ng/mL and, 75% at CEDIA cut-off 2,000 ng/mL vs. LC-MS/MS cut-off 2,000 ng/mL. False positive rate was highest (45.1%) at CEDIA cut-off 300 ng/mL. At CEDIA cut-off 2,000 ng/mL vs. LC-MS/MS cut-off 300 ng/mL, specificity increased to 82.4% and FP rate decreased to 17.6%. All 6-MAM positive samples had CEDIA concentration ≥2,000 ng/mL. Conclusions 2,000 ng/mL for screening and 300 ng/mL for confirmation cut-offs are the most efficient thresholds for the lowest rate of FP opiate results.

Pathologic Assessment of Computerized Tomography Accuracy for the Evaluation of the Laryngeal Cartilaginous Frame Work in Laryngopharyngeal Carcinomas

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sulfaro ◽  
Francesco Querin ◽  
Luigi Barzan ◽  
Mario Lutman ◽  
Roberto Comoretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
High False Negative Rate ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Pathologic Assessment ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Sixty-six whole-organ sectioned laryngopharyngectomy specimens removed for cancer during a seven-year period were uniformly examined to determine the accuracy of preoperative high resolution computerized tomography (CT) for detection of cartilaginous involvement. Our results indicate that CT has a high overall specificity (88.2%) but a low sensitivity (47.1 %); we observed a high false-negative rate (26.5%) and a fairly low false-positive rate (5.9%). Massive cartilage destruction was easily assessed by CT, whereas both small macroscopic and microscopic neoplastic foci of cartilaginous invasion were missed on CT scans. Moreover, false-positive cases were mainly due to proximity of the tumor to the cartilage. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Bolus Residue Scale: An Easy-to-Use and Reliable Videofluoroscopic Analysis Tool to Score Bolus Residue in Patients with Dysphagia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Rommel ◽  
Charlotte Borgers ◽  
Dirk Van Beckevoort ◽  
Ann Goeleven ◽  
Eddy Dejaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background. We aimed to validate an easy-to-use videofluoroscopic analysis tool, the bolus residue scale (BRS), for detection and classification of pharyngeal retention in the valleculae, piriform sinuses, and/or the posterior pharyngeal wall.Methods. 50 randomly selected videofluoroscopic images of 10 mL swallows (recorded in 18 dysphagia patients and 8 controls) were analyzed by 4 experts and 6 nonexpert observers. A score from 1 to 6 was assigned according to the number of structures affected by residue. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were assessed by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for expert and nonexpert observers. Sensitivity, specificity, and interrater agreement were analyzed for different BRS levels.Results. Intrarater reproducibility was almost perfect for experts (mean ICC 0.972) and ranged from substantial to almost perfect for nonexperts (mean ICC 0.835). Interjudge agreement of the experts ranged from substantial to almost perfect (mean ICC 0.780), but interrater reliability of nonexperts ranged from substantial to good (mean 0.719). BRS shows for experts a high specificity and sensitivity and for nonexperts a low sensitivity and high specificity.Conclusions. The BRS is a simple, easy-to-carry-out, and accessible rating scale to locate pharyngeal retention on videofluoroscopic images with a good specificity and reproducibility for observers of different expertise levels.

scholarly journals Factors Impacting the Performance Characteristics of Bile Duct Brushings: A Clinico-Cytopathologic Analysis of 253 Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Hacihasanoglu ◽  
Bahar Memis ◽  
Burcin Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Vaidehi Avadhani ◽  
Alexa A. Freedman, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Context.— Literature on factors impacting bile duct brushings (BDBs) performance characteristics remain limited. Objective.— To capture the current state of daily practice with BDB sign-out. Design.— Two hundred fifty-three of 444 BDBs signed out by more than 7 cytopathologists, with histopathologic and/or clinical follow-up of at least 18 months, were examined. Results.— One hundred thirty-five of 253 BDBs (53%) had histologically confirmed malignancies, 22 (9%) had cancer-related deaths, and 96 (38%) were benign. Cytologic diagnoses in the 444 BDBs were nondiagnostic (11 [2.5%]), negative (284 [64%]), atypical (62 [13.9%]), suspicious (34 [7.7%]), and malignant (53 [11.9%]). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of malignancy detection were 35%, 100%, 100%, 58%, and 66%, respectively. When atypical, suspicious, and malignant (ASM) categories were combined, sensitivity increased (58%), specificity and PPV dropped (97%), and accuracy increased (73%). Carcinoma type (bile-duct versus pancreatic-ductal) had no effect on accuracy (P = .60) or diagnostic class (P = .84), nor did time of performance (first 7.5 versus latter 7.5 years, P = .13). Interestingly, ThinPrep + cell block (n = 41) had higher sensitivity (61%) and lower specificity (80%) than ThinPrep only (versus 51% and 100%, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were higher (47% and 100%) in nonstented than stented specimens (59% and 97%). Relative risk of malignancy for “suspicious” (2.30) and “atypical” (2.28) categories was lower but not very different from that of “malignant” category (2.41). Conclusions.— Bile duct brushings had fairly low sensitivity but high specificity and PPV with no false positives. Sensitivity almost doubled and specificity dipped minimally when ASM categories were combined, highlighting the need for better classification criteria for atypical/suspicious cases. Higher specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy but lower sensitivity in stented BDBs suggest that they be called malignant only when evidence is overwhelmingly convincing.

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