scholarly journals Effects of Livestock Grazing on Interannual Variation of Soil Methane Uptake in an Inner Mongolian Meadow Steppe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Yan ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Linghao Li ◽  
Changliang Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Steppe Ecosystem

Abstract Background and aims. This study aimed at identifying the effects of livestock grazing on interannual variation in soil CH4 uptake and underlying mechanisms in a meadow steppe ecosystem. Methods. A multi-year grazing experiment subject to six stocking rates was conducted to quantify CH4 fluxes as well as the changes in driving factors: vegetation traits, soil physicochemical properties and climatic parameters. The closed static chamber technique and a gas chromatograph were used to measure methane fluxes. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to explore empirical relationships. Results. With increasing stocking rate, the multi-year mean CH4 uptake rate decreased in a sigmoid curve-shaped manner, with the threshold point appearing in the light grazing treatment. The interannual changes in soil CH4 uptake were highly dependent on stocking rate, with increasing, leveling and decreasing trends detected with increasing grazing intensity. Major factors affecting CH4 fluxes included vegetation traits, soil moisture, and soil nitrogen content, with the soil NH4+-N content assuming the most important role. However, predominant factors regulating interannual changes in CH4 uptake were rainfall, belowground biomass, and soil nitrogen regime. Conclusions. The steppe ecosystem acted as a CH4 sink, irrespective of stocking rate and year. However, light grazing can be the threshold grazing intensity in terms of both the CH4 uptake potential and primary production in this steppe ecosystem. Our findings have important implications for further understanding magnitudes and regulations of CH4 uptake in grassland soils worldwide.

Variation of Livestock Grazing Intensity Modified the Magnitude of Carbon Sequestration and Flow within the Plant-Soil System of a Meadow Steppe Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyan Jin ◽  
Ruirui Yan ◽  
Linghao Li ◽  
Jiaguo Qi ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
C Pools ◽  
Steppe Ecosystem ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Grazing Intensities

Abstract Aims: Livestock grazing, one of the principal utilization patterns, usually exerts a substantial effect on the carbon allocations between the above- and belowground components of a grassland ecosystem. The major aims of this study were to evaluate the proportions of 13C allocation to various C pools of the plant-soil system of a meadow steppe ecosystem in response to livestock grazing intensity.Methods: In situ stable 13C isotope pulse labeling was conducted in the plots of a long-term grazing experiment with 4 levels of grazing intensities. Plant and soil materials were sampled at on eight occasions (0, 3, 10, 18, 31, 56 and 100 days after labeling) to analyze the decline in 13C over time, and their composition signature of 13C were analyzed by the isotope ratio mass spectrometer technique.Results: We found a significantly larger decline in assimilated 13C for the heavily grazed swards compared to other grazing intensities, with the relocation rate of 13C from shoots to belowground C pool being the highest. In contrast, light grazing significantly allocated 13C assimilates in the belowground pool, especially in the live root and topsoil C-pools.Conclusions: The effects of livestock grazing on the carbon transfers and stocks within the plant-soil system of the meadow steppe were highly intensity dependent, and different carbon pools differed in response to gradient changes in grazing intensity.

scholarly journals Effects of livestock grazing on soil nitrogen mineralization on Hulunber meadow steppe, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yan ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
B. Chen ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Mineralization

scholarly journals Interannual variation in ecosystem respiration in an Inner Mongolian meadow steppe in response to livestock grazing

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 108121
Author(s):  
Ruirui Yan ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Ruiqiang Li ◽  
Dongyan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Meadow Steppe

Factors affecting soil nitrogen supply in tobacco fields in Southwest Hubei

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162
Author(s):  
Shu-Jun ZHAO ◽  
Jia-Fu YUAN ◽  
Xin-Ran ZHANG ◽  
Xiang-Yu XU ◽  
You-Sheng XIONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

Soil moisture, temperature and nitrogen availability interactively regulate carbon exchange in a meadow steppe ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 304-305 ◽  
pp. 108389
Author(s):  
Muqier Hasi ◽  
Xueyao Zhang ◽  
Guoxiang Niu ◽  
Yinliu Wang ◽  
Qianqian Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Steppe Ecosystem

scholarly journals The Level of Conus Medullaris in 629 Healthy Japanese Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3182
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nakashima ◽  
Keigo Ito ◽  
Yoshito Katayama ◽  
Mikito Tsushima ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Significant Factors

The conus medullaris typically terminates at the L1 level; however, variations in its level and the factors associated with the conus medullaris level are unclear. We investigated the level of conus medullaris on magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers. In total, 629 healthy adult volunteers (≥50 individuals of each sex and in each decade of age from 20 to 70) were enrolled. The level of the conus medullaris was assessed based on the T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance images, and factors affecting its level were investigated employing multivariate regression analysis including the participants’ background and radiographical parameters. L1 was the most common conus medullaris level. Participant height was significantly shorter in the caudally placed conus medullaris (p = 0.013). With respect to the radiographical parameters, pelvic incidence (p = 0.003), and pelvic tilt (p = 0.03) were significantly smaller in participants with a caudally placed conus medullaris. Multiple regression analysis showed that the pelvic incidence (p < 0.0001) and height (p < 0.0001) were significant factors affecting the conus medullaris level. These results indicated that the length of the spinal cord varies little among individuals and that skeletal differences affect the level of the conus medullaris.

scholarly journals Chickpea shows genotype-specific nodulation responses across soil nitrogen environment and root disease resistance categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista L. Plett ◽  
Sean L. Bithell ◽  
Adrian Dando ◽  
Jonathan M. Plett
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in supporting growth and grain production. A number of factors can affect this symbiotic relationship including abiotic conditions, plant genotype, and disruptions to host signalling/perception networks. In order to support improved nodule formation in chickpea, we investigated how plant genotype and soil nutrient availability affect chickpea nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Further, using transcriptomic profiling, we sought to identify gene expression patterns that characterize highly nodulated genotypes. Results A study involving six chickpea varieties demonstrated large genotype by soil nitrogen interaction effects on nodulation and further identified agronomic traits of genotypes (such as shoot weight) associated with high nodulation. We broadened our scope to consider 29 varieties and breeding lines to examine the relationship between soilborne disease resistance and the number of nodules developed and real-time nitrogen fixation. Results of this larger study supported the earlier genotype specific findings, however, disease resistance did not explain differences in nodulation across genotypes. Transcriptional profiling of six chickpea genotypes indicates that genes associated with signalling, N transport and cellular localization, as opposed to genes associated with the classical nodulation pathway, are more likely to predict whether a given genotype will exhibit high levels of nodule formation. Conclusions This research identified a number of key abiotic and genetic factors affecting chickpea nodule development and nitrogen fixation. These findings indicate that an improved understanding of genotype-specific factors affecting chickpea nodule induction and function are key research areas necessary to improving the benefits of rhizobial symbiosis in chickpea.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Ki Ho Seol ◽  
Su Hyun Bong ◽  
Dae Hun Kang ◽  
Jun Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Financial Difficulty ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Related Quality

Objective Approximately half of patients with cancer have comorbidities, such as adjustment disorder, major depressive disorder, and delirium. Radiotherapy can cause psychological problems, e.g., the fear of treatment and its side effects, anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Health-related quality of life (QoL) must be determined to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer treatment. We analyzed the clinical, psychological, and sociodemographic factors influencing the QoL of patients with cancer who were undergoing radiotherapy.Methods Twenty-six patients undergoing radiotherapy (10 male, 16 female) were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected prior to radiotherapy. Psychosocial factors were assessed by self-reported questionnaires before, immediately after, and 3 months after radiotherapy. A multivariate regression analysis identified factors affecting QoL at each time point.Results Patients’ diagnoses were breast, cervical, prostate, endometrial, rectal, hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, liver, gallbladder, esophageal, ovarian, lung, and skin cancers. Before radiotherapy, better resilience was significantly associated with a higher QoL score (R<sup>2</sup>=0.199, p=0.033). Immediately after radiotherapy, financial difficulty was significantly associated with a lower QoL score (R<sup>2</sup>=0.274, p=0.010). Three months after radiotherapy, the presence of chronic disease (R<sup>2</sup>=0.398, p=0.002) and the severity of nausea and vomiting were significantly associated with a lower QoL score (R<sup>2</sup>=0.278, p=0.014).Conclusion Resilience, financial difficulty, the presence of chronic diseases, and the severity of nausea and vomiting significantly influenced the QoL of patients with cancer who were undergoing radiotherapy. Factors affecting QoL varied at each time point. Thus, patients with cancer should undergo regular mental health assessments, including assessments of QoL. Multidimensional (physical, psychological, and social) approaches and individualized time-based interventions are needed to improve the QoL of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document