isotope ratio mass spectrometer
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Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Aleš Kolmanič ◽  
Lovro Sinkovič ◽  
Marijan Nečemer ◽  
Nives Ogrinc ◽  
Vladimir Meglič

The present study investigated the effects of cultivation practices on grain (oats) yield and yield components, such as straw yield, harvest index, thousand kernel weight, and plant lodging. In addition, multi-element composition and isotopic signature (δ13C, δ15N) of the oat grains were studied. The spring oat cultivar ‘Noni’ was grown in a long-term field experiment during 2015–2020, using three management practices: control without organic amendment, incorporation of manure every third year and incorporation of crop residues/cover crop in the rotation. Synthetic nitrogen (N) (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg/ha) was applied during oat development in each system. Multi-element analysis of mature grains from two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) was performed using EDXRF spectroscopy, while stable isotope ratios of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were obtained using an elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS). The results show how cultivation practices affect yield components and isotopic and elemental signatures. Increasing the N rate improved both the oat grain and straw yields and increased susceptibility to lodging. The results show how the elemental content (Si, Ca, Zn, Fe, Ti, Br and Rb) in the oat grains were influenced by intensification, and a noticeable decrease in elemental content at higher N rates was the result of a dilution effect of increased dry matter production. The mean δ15N values in oat grains ranged from 2.5‰ to 6.4‰ and decreased with increasing N rate, while δ13C values ranged from −29.9‰ to –28.9‰. Based on the δ15N values, it was possible to detect the addition of synthetic N above an N rate of 55 kg/ha, although it was impossible to differentiate between different management practices using stable isotopes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Rey-Iglesia ◽  
Tess Wilson ◽  
Jennifer Routledge ◽  
Mikkel Skovrind ◽  
Eva Garde ◽  
...  

Rationale Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope compositions of bone and dentine collagen extracted from subfossil specimens of extinct and extant mammalian species have been widely used to study the paleoecology of past populations. Due to possible systematic differences in stable isotope values between bone and dentine, dentine values can be transformed into bone-collagen equivalent using a correction factor. This approach has been applied to terrestrial species, but correction factors specifically for marine mammals are lacking. Here, we provide correction factors to transform dentine δ13C and δ15N values into bone-collagen equivalent for two toothed whale sister species: narwhal and beluga. Methods We sampled bone and tooth dentine from the skulls of 11 narwhals and 26 belugas. In narwhals, dentine was sampled from tusk and embedded tooth; in beluga, dentine was sampled from tooth. δ13C and δ15N were measured using an elemental analyzer coupled to a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Intraindividual bone and dentine isotopic compositions were used to calculate correction factors for each species, and to translate dentine isotopic values into bone-collagen equivalent. Results Our analysis revealed differences in δ13C and δ15N between bone and dentine. In narwhals, we found (i) lower average δ13C in bone compared with dentine from tusk and embedded tooth; (ii) no difference in dentine δ13C between tusk and embedded tooth; (iii) lower average δ15N in bone compared with dentine, with the highest values found in embedded tooth. For belugas, we also detected lower δ13C and δ15N in bone compared with tooth dentine. Conclusions Based on our analysis, we provide bone/dentine correction factors for narwhals (both at species and population level), and for belugas. The correction factors, when applied to dentine δ13C and δ15N values, enable the combined analysis of stable isotope data from bone and dentine.


Author(s):  
Ренат Васильевич Кужугет ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Анкушева ◽  
Чаяна Олекоевна Кадыр-оол ◽  
Анна Андреевна Редина ◽  
Илья Романович Прокопьев ◽  
...  

Ссылка для цитирования: Золото-сульфидно-кварцевое рудопроявление Хаак-Саир (Западная Тува): возраст, PT-параметры, состав флюидов, изотопия S, O и С / Р.В. Кужугет, Н.Н. Анкушева, Ч.О. Кадыр-оол, А.А. Редина, И.Р. Прокопьев, А.В. Пономарчук // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 12. – С. 148-163. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью определения возраста и условий образования золото-кварцевого рудопроявления Хаак-Саир в лиственитах, характеризующегося своеобразным минеральным составом руд, выраженным в наличии ртутистого золота, селенидов (фишессерита, науманнита, тиманнита, клаусталита) и теллуридов (гессита, теллуровисмутита и колорадоита). Цель: определение возраста, условий образования, геохимических особенностей рудоносного флюида и его источников, золото-кварцевого рудопроявления Хаак-Саир в Западной Туве. Методы. Оптические исследования руд проведены на микроскопах Olympus BX41 и ПОЛАМ П-213М. Состав минералов определен с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа MIRA 3 LMU с ЭДС Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis Ltd. Температуры, солевой состав, концентрации солей и давление при минералообразовании получены по индивидуальным флюидным включениям с использованием термокамеры Linkam TMS-600 и оптического микроскопа Olympus BX 51; газовый состав флюидных включений определен на рамановском спектрометре Ramanor U-1000 с детектором Horiba DU420E-OE-323, лазер Millennia Pro (Spectra-Physics); валовый газовый состав флюида диагностирован на газовом хроматографе Agilent 6890, содержания анионов в вытяжке проанализированы на жидкостном хроматографе ЦВЕТ-3000, катионы и микроэлементы – методом ICP MS (Elan-6100); соотношения δ34S в галените определены на газовом масс-спектрометре Finnigan™ MAT Delta в режиме двойного напуска (аналитики В.Н. Реутский, М.Н. Колбасова, ИГМ СО РАН); соотношения стабильных изотопов δ18С и δ18О в кварце и карбонатах определены на масс-спектрометрах Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Finnigan™ MAT 253 с пробоотборником Finnigan GasBench II и стандартами IAEA: NBS-18 и NBS-19 (аналитик А.Н. Пыряев, ИГМ СО РАН) и Isoprime с AQS (Akita Quartz Standard, аналитики Х. Каварая, О. Мацубая, Университет г. Акита), соответственно; 40Ar/39Ar датирование проведено методом ступенчатого прогрева. Результаты. Установленный 40Ar/39Ar методом возраст синрудных лиственитов рудопроявления составляет 379,4±4,4 млн лет, что соответствует позднему девону. Термометрическими исследованиями установлено, что вмещающие листвениты рудопроявления образовались при участии водного Na-K-хлоридного флюида с соленостью 3,4–6,5 мас. % NaСl-экв. и температурами не менее 325–200 °C. Золото-сульфидно-кварцевые жилы отлагались при P~0,5–0,75 кбар (~1,5–2,3 км) из углекислотно-водно-хлоридного (Na-K ± Fe) флюида, содержащего CH4 с концентрациями солей 4,5–37,4 мас. % NaСl-экв. при снижении температур от 320 до 120 °C (I рудная стадия – 310–200 °С, II рудная стадия – 320–120 °С) и вариациях f O2, f S2, f Se2 и f Te2, которые обусловили разнообразие минеральных форм Au, Ag и Hg. Величины δ34S галенита изменяются от –0,6 до –0,4 ‰, а вычисленные значения δ34SH2S флюида I рудной стадии находятся в интервале +1,5...+2,1 ‰ (T=280–210 °C), II рудной стадии – +1,6...+2,6 ‰ (T=290–190 °C), что свидетельствует о магматическом происхождении серы. Значения δ18О в кварце рудных жил изменяются от 17,0 до 17,4 ‰, доломите – +17,4...+17,8 ‰, кальците – +16,5 ‰, рассчитанные значения δ18ОH2S флюида I рудной стадии находятся в интервале +8,1...+5,7 ‰ (T=250–210 °C), II рудной стадии – +6,7...–2,2 ‰ (T=230–120 °C) позволили предположить, что на ранних стадиях рудообразующего процесса флюид имел магматическое происхождение, а на поздних смешивался с метеорными водами. Величины δ13C в доломите I рудной стадии варьируют от –0,4 до –0,7 ‰; в кальците II рудной стадии – –0,3 ‰, а рассчитанные значения δ13C во флюиде находятся в интервале –1,2...+0,1 ‰ (T=250–210 °C) и –3,3...+0,5 ‰ (T=230–120 °C), соответственно. Это предполагает поступление углерода из гранитоидных магм и/или заимствование его из вмещающих пород. Состав флюида трансформировался от ранних стадий к поздним от углекислотно-водно-хлоридного до водно-хлоридного с уменьшением концентраций хлоридов щелочных и щелочноземельных металлов (от 37,4 до 4 мас. % NaCl-экв.).


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Hong Thinh Nguyen Thi ◽  
Hoai Vu ◽  
Lan Anh Ha ◽  
Van Giap Trinh ◽  
Van Vuong Nguyen

In this study, a procedure of determining the 13C isotope composition ([13C]/[12C]) in soil organic carbon (SOC) using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) was developed. The procedure would be a useful approach in the studies on carbon sequestration that is of great concern among environmentalists worldwide nowadays. The procedure includes: drying, crushing, sifting and removing carbonate in soil samples before the analysis on the mass spectrometer. Results showed that the developed procedure gained a good repeatability of 0.21 ‰. The accuracy of the procedure waschecked by analyzing a surrogate soil sample, a mixture of soil with known δ13CSOC and IAEA-CH-3 cellulose standard.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
E. S. Pavlova ◽  
◽  
N. M. Blashenkov ◽  
L. N. Gall ◽  
N. R. Gall ◽  
...  

A specialized single channel inlet system has been developed for urea breath tests and scientific studies using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Helicomass. The system consists of sampling needle, manifold with its purification system, the possibility to introduce sample and standard, high vacuum Mamyrin leak valve to inlet the sample to electron ionization ion source, and the purification procedure including series of sequential pumpings out and blowdowns with compressed nitrogen. The system inlets sample up to 4•10–6 Torr in the mass-spectrometer analytical chamber. The measuring precision was 0.1% for 21 measurements, which meets the test requirements. The measuring time was 15 min per sample including the standard measurement, system purification, the sample measurement, and the second purification. The combination of system and Helicomass mass-spectrometer fits requirements for procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Анатольевич Новиков ◽  
Александр Николаевич Пыряев ◽  
Анатолий Витальевич Черных ◽  
Федор Федорович Дульцев ◽  
Александр Владимирович Ильин ◽  
...  

Актуальность исследования обусловлена получением новых данных по изотопной геохимии сверхкрепких рассолов Сибирской платформы. Цель: выявить особенности генезиса рассолов и растворенной в них углекислоты, а также взаимодействия вод с окружением. Методы. Полевое опробование проведено в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Химико-аналитические исследования выполнены методами титриметрии, ионной хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Определение δD, δ18O, δ13С проводилось на приборе Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer FinniganTM MAT 253, снабженном приставками пробоподготовки H/Device (для анализа δD) и GasBench II (для анализа δ18O и δ13СDIC). Изотопные отношения 87Sr86/Sr и 87Rb/86Sr изучались на масс-спектрометре MI 1201T в двухленточном режиме с регистрацией на одном коллекторе. Результаты. Представлены новые изотопно-геохимические данные по сверхкрепким рассолам Сибирской платформы широкого стратиграфического диапазона (от рифея до ордовика). Для изученных рассолов характерен широкий интервал относительных концентраций дейтерия и кислорода-18: от –133 до –17,5 ‰ для δD и от –17,0 до –2,5 ‰ для δ18O. На основании значений кислородных и водородных дельт рассолов предполагается их седиментационно-метаморфический генезис. Значения δ13С для DIC рассолов варьируют в диапазоне от –31 до +12,7 ‰. Предполагается биогенное (бактериальное) происхождение растворенной в водах углекислоты. В среднем переход от более молодых комплексов к более древним сопровождается обогащением DIC легким изотопом углерода. Стронциевые отношения изученных рассолов делят их на две группы: с отношениями 87Sr/86Sr, близкими к значениям в водах современного океана, и со значениями 87Sr/86Sr, существенно их превышающими. Предполагается, что для рассолов второй группы захоронение вод происходило в присутствии обломочного материала выветривания континентальной коры, обогащенного радиоактивным 87Rb.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
A. A. Khvashchevskaya ◽  
Yu. G. Kopylova ◽  
D. A. Novikov ◽  
A. N. Pyrayev ◽  
A. A. Maksimova ◽  
...  

The purpose of the work is to carry out integrated isotope-geochemical studies of the mineral waters of the Belokurikha deposit. The methods of titrimetry, ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) have been used in the laboratory investigation of the chemical composition of waters. The isotope composition of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon in dissolved carbon dioxide has been studied with the help of the Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer FinniganTM MAT 253 equipped with the attachments for sample preparation H/Device (to analyze the δD ratio) and GasBench II (to analyze δ18O and δ13СDIC ratios). There are two aquifers at the deposit. The first nonartesian aquifer comprises loose sediments of the Quaternary age. The second artesian aquifer includes the granites of the upper Paleozoic age with the different fracture degree: from monolith to loosened. Three groups of waters are distinguished on the basis of geochemical coefficients: fracture-vein waters bedded in weathered granites; groundwaters of the zone of rare earth mineralization and background composition; surface waters of the Belokurikha river. The isotope data on oxygen and hydrogen provide evidence that the production aquifers of the Belokurikha field are fed through the infiltration of meteoric waters, with the feeding shift to winter precipitation. The paper provides the first data of the integrated isotope-hydrogeochemical studies of nitric-siliceous low-radon thermal waters of the Belokurikha deposit. The composition of these waters is HCO3-SO4 Na and SO4-HCO3 Na with the total dissolved salts value ranging from 198 to 257 mg/dm3. The waters are characterized by alkaline pH of 8.6–9.6, silicon content ranging from 19.8 to 24.6 mg/dm3, and they are referred to the fracture-vein waters of the Upper Paleozoic granites. 222Rn activity is up to 359 Bq/dm3. The ratios of δD (from -126.9 to -102.7 ‰) and δ18O (from -17.5 to -14.2 ‰) in the studied waters indicate their atmospheric origin. The values of δ13СDIC vary from -9.7 to -25.6 ‰ and point to the biogenic origin of carbon.


Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
M. V. Huber ◽  
A. V. Mokrushin

The sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Khibina and Lovozero agpaitic massifs provides an opportunity to understand the role of plume-lithosphere interaction processes responsible for the Paleozoic alkaline igneous activity in the north-eastern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The stable sulfur isotope δS analysis using triple collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) has been carried out on the pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite from nepheline syenites. The δS values for pentlandite from Khibina rocks range from +0.69 to +2.06 ‰ relative to the Vienna Canyon Diablo Troillite standard (VCDT), and the pyrite has significantly higher δS values up to +4.92 ‰ VCDT. The pentlandite from the Lovozero samples has value +1.48 ‰ VCDT, δS values of chalcopyrite is +2.85 ‰ VCDT. The maximum positive δS values are obtained for Lovozero pyrite, which vary from +5.41 to +6.30 ‰ VCDT. Comparison of sulfur-geochemical features of Khibina and Lovozero nepheline syenite with δS data for the carbonatites from the Khibina, Sallanlatvi, Seblyavr, Vuoriyarvi, Salmagora and Kovdor massifs show later carbonatite formation relatively to associated alkaline rocks. Geochemical sulfur isotope δS investigations emphasizes that parental magmas of the Khibina and Lovozero alkaline massifs were derived from a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We suggest that high-δS signature on the SCLM (δS of +1 to +6 ‰ VCDT) can be explained by subduction of the high-δS Archaean crust.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyan Jin ◽  
Ruirui Yan ◽  
Linghao Li ◽  
Jiaguo Qi ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
...  

Abstract Aims: Livestock grazing, one of the principal utilization patterns, usually exerts a substantial effect on the carbon allocations between the above- and belowground components of a grassland ecosystem. The major aims of this study were to evaluate the proportions of 13C allocation to various C pools of the plant-soil system of a meadow steppe ecosystem in response to livestock grazing intensity.Methods: In situ stable 13C isotope pulse labeling was conducted in the plots of a long-term grazing experiment with 4 levels of grazing intensities. Plant and soil materials were sampled at on eight occasions (0, 3, 10, 18, 31, 56 and 100 days after labeling) to analyze the decline in 13C over time, and their composition signature of 13C were analyzed by the isotope ratio mass spectrometer technique.Results: We found a significantly larger decline in assimilated 13C for the heavily grazed swards compared to other grazing intensities, with the relocation rate of 13C from shoots to belowground C pool being the highest. In contrast, light grazing significantly allocated 13C assimilates in the belowground pool, especially in the live root and topsoil C-pools.Conclusions: The effects of livestock grazing on the carbon transfers and stocks within the plant-soil system of the meadow steppe were highly intensity dependent, and different carbon pools differed in response to gradient changes in grazing intensity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Lan Anh Ha ◽  
◽  
Duc Khue Pham ◽  
Dinh Kien Mai ◽  
Thi Tuoi Nguyen ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to apply a method for estimating the mixing extent of C4 sugar in juice (apple) based on the fingerprinting of carbon stable isotope (δ13C). The values of δ13C in sugar separated from fresh apples, pure apple juices as well as sugar produced from C4 plants (plants conduct C4 cycle photo-synthesis, in this case, it was sugar canes) were analysed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer equipped with an elemental analyzer (EA IRMS). The results showed that the δ13C in sugar separated from fresh apples was in the range of -27.00 to -24.00‰ with an average of -25.47‰ (n=6) vs. VPDB standard (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). Meanwhile, the δ13C in sugar cane products ranged from -13.00 to -11.00‰, with an average of -12,47‰ vs. VPDB. Based on the isotope signature of carbon (δ13C) and the two end-members mixing model, the extent of mixing C4 sugar in apple juice available on the market could be estimated precisely. It was found one out of 9 apple juice samples available in the Hanoi markets to have a high content of C4 sugar mixed in the product, it was up to 96% instead of 5% as proclaimed on the label. The developed method seems to be of high accuracy so it was advisable to wider its application in the evaluation of the quality of juices available at the markets in Vietnam to ensure the right of the consumers.


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