scholarly journals EpistoNet: An ensemble of Epistocracy-optimized mixture of experts for detecting COVID-19 on chest X-ray images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ziae Mousavi Mojab ◽  
Seyedmohammad Shams ◽  
Farshad Fotouhi ◽  
Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Gating Network ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Coronavirus has spread across the world and infected millions of people, causing devastating damage to the public health and global economies. To mitigate the impact of the coronavirus a reliable, fast, and accurate diagnostic system should be promptly implemented. In this study, we propose EpistoNet, a decision tree-based ensemble model using two mixtures of discriminative experts to classify COVID-19 lung infection from chest X-ray images. To optimize the architecture and hyper-parameters of the designed neural networks, we employed Epistocracy algorithm, a novel hyper-heuristic evolutionary method. Using 2,500 chest X-ray images consisting of 1,250 COVID-19 and 1,250 non-COVID-19 cases, we left out 500 images for testing and partitioned the remaining 2,000 images into 5 different clusters using K-means clustering algorithm. We trained multiple deep convolutional neural networks on each cluster to help build a mixture of strong discriminative experts from the top-performing models supervised by a gating network. The final ensemble model obtained 95% accuracy on COVID-19 images and 93% accuracy on non-COVID-19. The experimental results show that EpistoNet can accurately, and reliably be used to detect COVID-19 infection in the chest X-ray images, and Epistocracy algorithm can be effectively used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the proposed models.

scholarly journals Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5940
Author(s):  
Natheer Khasawneh ◽  
Mohammad Fraiwan ◽  
Luay Fraiwan ◽  
Basheer Khassawneh ◽  
Ali Ibnian
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Local Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Public Dataset

The COVID-19 global pandemic has wreaked havoc on every aspect of our lives. More specifically, healthcare systems were greatly stretched to their limits and beyond. Advances in artificial intelligence have enabled the implementation of sophisticated applications that can meet clinical accuracy requirements. In this study, customized and pre-trained deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks were used to detect pneumonia caused by COVID-19 respiratory complications. Chest X-ray images from 368 confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected locally. In addition, data from three publicly available datasets were used. The performance was evaluated in four ways. First, the public dataset was used for training and testing. Second, data from the local and public sources were combined and used to train and test the models. Third, the public dataset was used to train the model and the local data were used for testing only. This approach adds greater credibility to the detection models and tests their ability to generalize to new data without overfitting the model to specific samples. Fourth, the combined data were used for training and the local dataset was used for testing. The results show a high detection accuracy of 98.7% with the combined dataset, and most models handled new data with an insignificant drop in accuracy.

Entropy estimation of the fragments of chest X-ray images

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev ◽  
Farkhad Mansurovich Bikmuratov ◽  
Nikolai Pavlovich Pashin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Chest X Ray

The subject of this research is medical chest X-ray images. After fundamental pre-processing, the accumulated database of such images can be used for training deep convolutional neural networks that have become one of the most significant innovations in recent years. The trained network carries out preliminary binary classification of the incoming images and serve as an assistant to the radiotherapist. For this purpose, it is necessary to train the neural network to carefully minimize type I and type II errors. Possible approach towards improving the effectiveness of application of neural networks, by the criteria of reducing computational complexity and quality of image classification, is the auxiliary approaches: image pre-processing and preliminary calculation of entropy of the fragments. The article provides the algorithm for X-ray image pre-processing, its fragmentation, and calculation of the entropy of separate fragments. In the course of pre-processing, the region of lungs and spine is selected, which comprises approximately 30-40% of the entire image. Then the image is divided into the matrix of fragments, calculating the entropy of separate fragments in accordance with Shannon’s formula based pm the analysis of individual pixels. Determination of the rate of occurrence of each of the 255 colors allows calculating the total entropy. The use of entropy for detecting pathologies is based on the assumption that its values differ for separate fragments and overall picture of its distribution between the images with the norm and pathologies. The article analyzes the statistical values: standard deviation of error, dispersion. A fully connected neural network is used for determining the patterns in distribution of entropy and its statistical characteristics on various fragments of the chest X-ray image.

Synthesizing Chest X-Ray Pathology for Training Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojjat Salehinejad ◽  
Errol Colak ◽  
Tim Dowdell ◽  
Joseph Barfett ◽  
Shahrokh Valaee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

scholarly journals Lung X-ray Segmentation using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Contrast-Enhanced Binarized Images

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Jui Chen ◽  
Shanq-Jang Ruan ◽  
Sha-Wo Huang ◽  
Yan-Tsung Peng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Processing Approach ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Digital Chest ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Model Training

Automatically locating the lung regions effectively and efficiently in digital chest X-ray (CXR) images is important in computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, we propose an adaptive pre-processing approach for segmenting the lung regions from CXR images using convolutional neural networks-based (CNN-based) architectures. It is comprised of three steps. First, a contrast enhancement method specifically designed for CXR images is adopted. Second, adaptive image binarization is applied to CXR images to separate the image foreground and background. Third, CNN-based architectures are trained on the binarized images for image segmentation. The experimental results show that the proposed pre-processing approach is applicable and effective to various CNN-based architectures and can achieve comparable segmentation accuracy to that of state-of-the-art methods while greatly expediting the model training by up to 20.74 % and reducing storage space for CRX image datasets by down to 94.6 % on average.

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