Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in pigs in Vietnam

Abstract Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the important zoonotic diseases with a worldwide distribution. The main objective of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of HEV in Vietnam. Pig blood and fecal pooled samples were used to determine the prevalence of HEV. We evaluated the true prevalence (TP) of HEV from apparent prevalence (AP) by taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using a Bayesian approach. For phylogenetic analysis, the data compared with worldwide HEV reference strains illustrating all eight genotypes (G1-G8) which were identified in previous study.Results: A total of 475 sera and 250 fecal pooled samples were collected at slaughterhouses and pig farms from five provinces, in Viet Nam. Overall, the AP of HEV was 58.53% (95% CI: 53.95-62.70) while the TP was slightly higher (59.96%, 95% credible interval: 54.49-65.41). In terms of pooled samples, overall, the AP (13.38%, 95% credible interval: 9.89-17.30) of HEV was much higher than TP (6.80%, 95%CI: 4.01-10.66). One strain in Hanoi, two strains in Dak Lak, seven strains in An Giang, four strains in Son La and two strains in Nghe An were isolated. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 19 Vietnamese strains were clustered into HEV 3 and 4.Conclusions: This study provided evidence that HEV is circulating in domestic pigs in Vietnam. From a public health perspective, it is very important to raise public awareness for high-risk groups (e.g. slaughterhouse workers, pig traders, farmers and market sellers) who have more opportunities to come in contact with pig and contaminated meats.

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Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in pigs in Vietnam

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-020-02537-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hu Suk Lee ◽

Duy Tung Dao ◽

Vuong Nghia Bui ◽

Ngoc Anh Bui ◽

Thanh Duy Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Apparent Prevalence ◽

Pooled Samples

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic disease and has been reported around the world. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of HEV in Vietnam. Pig blood and fecal pooled samples were collected to assess the prevalence of HEV. We assessed the true prevalence (TP) of HEV from apparent prevalence (AP) by taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using a Bayesian approach. For phylogenetic analysis, the data compared with worldwide HEV reference strains including all eight genotypes (G1-G8) which were identified in previous study. Results A total of 475 sera and 250 fecal pooled samples were collected at slaughterhouses and pig farms from five provinces, in Viet Nam. Overall, the sero-AP of HEV was 58.53% (95% confidence interval: 53.95–62.70) while the sero-TP was slightly higher (65.43, 95% credible interval: 47.19–84.70). In terms of pooled samples, overall, the RNA-AP was 6.80% (95% confidence interval: 4.01–10.66). One strain in Hanoi, two strains in Dak Lak, seven strains in An Giang, four strains in Son La and two strains in Nghe An were isolated. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 19 Vietnamese strains were clustered into HEV 3 and 4. Conclusions This study provided evidence that HEV is circulating in domestic pigs in Vietnam. From a public health perspective, it is very important to raise public awareness for high-risk groups (e.g. slaughterhouse workers, pig traders, farmers and market sellers) who have more opportunities to come in contact with pig and contaminated meats.

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Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs in Vietnam

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27992/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hu Suk Lee ◽

Duy Tung Dao ◽

Vuong Nghia Bui ◽

Anh Ngoc Bui ◽

Duy Thanh Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Apparent Prevalence ◽

To Come

Abstract Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the important zoonotic diseases with a worldwide distribution. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of HEV in Vietnam. Pig blood and fecal pooled samples were used to determine for the prevalence of HEV. We evaluated the true prevalence (TP) of HEV from apparent prevalence (AP) by taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using a Bayesian approach. For phylogenetic analysis, the data compared with worldwide HEV reference strains illustrating all eight genotypes (G1-G8) which were identified in previous study.Results: A total of 475 sera samples were collected at slaughterhouses from five provinces. The AP of HEV was 58.53% (95% CI: 53.95–62.70) while the TP was slightly higher (59.96%, 95% credible interval: 54.49–65.41). A total of 19 Vietnamese strains were isolated from 1 strain in Hanoi, 5 strains in Dak Lak, 7 strains in An Giang, 4 strains in Son La and 2 strains in Nghe An. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 19 Vietnamese strains were clustered into HEV 3 and 4 among 8 genotypes.Conclusions: This study provided evidence that HEV is circulating in domestic pigs in Vietnam. From a public health perspective, it is very important to raise public awareness for high-risk groups (e.g. slaughterhouse workers, pig traders, farmers and market sellers) who may have more opportunities to come in contact with pig and contaminated meats.

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Hepatitis E Virus: Relevance in Blood Donors and Risk Groups

Vox Sanguinis ◽

10.1046/j.1423-0410.1999.7620078.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 78-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Maria Luisa Mateos ◽

Cristina Camarero ◽

Elena Lasa ◽

Jose Luis Teruel ◽

Nuria Mir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Hepatitis E

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A Case of Acute Hepatitis E Infection in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated Successfully with Ribavirin

Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/8941218 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasan N. Y. Haboubi ◽

Rizwan Diyar ◽

Ann Benton ◽

Chin Lye Ch’ng

Keyword(s):

Acute Hepatitis ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Pegylated Interferon ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Acute Hepatitis E

We present the case of a man who, following immunosuppressive treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, became infected with viral hepatitis E. Acute hepatitis E virus infection should be considered in patients with deranged liver function on a background of haematological malignancies or immunosuppression, even without travel to endemic regions. Whilst clearance is usually spontaneous in immune-competent individuals, these at-risk groups may develop a more complicated and protracted disease course. Thus awareness is important as additional treatment with ribavirin or pegylated interferon may be required, as in this case, in order to help achieve eradication.

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Study of a hepatitis E virus outbreak involving drinking water and sewage contamination in Shimla, India, 2015–2016

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/trz072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (12) ◽

pp. 789-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anuradha S Tripathy ◽

Meenal Sharma ◽

Avinash R Deoshatwar ◽

Prasad Babar ◽

Rakesh Bharadwaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Water Samples ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Oral Transmission ◽

Sewage Contamination ◽

Current Outbreak

Abstract Background Hepatitis E, caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), accounts for 50% of acute hepatitis cases in India. We report an outbreak of hepatitis E in Shimla, India, in 2015–2016. Methods ICMR-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, received two batches of water samples from Shimla in January 2016 to test for the presence of enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses. Subsequently, 57 icterus patients were tested for various markers of hepatotropic viruses, i.e. anti-HEV IgM/IgG, anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) IgM/IgG antibodies and HEV RNA. Water samples were screened for HEV and HAV RNA followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, 48/57 patients availing municipal water had evidence of HEV infection, detected by serology and RT-PCR. All the water samples tested positive for HEV and HAV RNA, while the patients were negative for anti-HAV IgM antibody, indicating no recent HAV infection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the aetiological agent of the current outbreak to be HEV genotype 1. Conclusions Serology and RT-PCR confirmed HEV as the aetiology of the outbreak. The absence of new cases of hepatitis A, despite the presence of HAV in the water supply, could be due to previously acquired immunity. Sewage contamination of water leading to faecal-oral transmission of HEV still remains a concern, thus emphasising the need for a vaccination/control strategy.

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