scholarly journals How Do Different Nitrogen Application Levels and Irrigation Practices Impact Biological Nitrogen Fixation and its Distribution in Paddy System?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Zhang ◽  
Tianlong Hu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Haiyang Jin ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Labelling System

Abstract Background and aimsBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in paddy systems is impacted by nitrogen application levels and irrigation strategies, but the extents to which these factores influence BNF and its distribution in soil and rice were still largely unclear. This study investigates this influence.MethodsAn airtight transparent growth chamber 15N-labelling system were used to investigate how different nitrogen application levels (0, 125, 187.5 and 250 kg N ha-1) and irrigation strategies (flooding irrigation or intermittent irrigation) impact the amount of BNF and its distribution in soil and rice. ResultsNitrogen application at 125 ~ 250 kg N ha-1 reduced the amount of BNF by 81% - 86%. The inhibition effect of nitrogen application on BNF at a soil depth of 1-15 cm was greater than that at 0-1 cm. Relative to the continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation enhanced rice growth and promoted the transfer of fixed nitrogen from 0-1 cm soil layer to rice, but it did not change the total amount of BNF. ConclusionsThis study indicated that BNF supplied little nitrogen for rice production at the high nitrogen application levels, but the intermittent irrigation could promote utilization of biologically fixed nitrogen.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fixating ability of mungbean genotypes under different levels of nitrogen application

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
N Application ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Pot Culture

A pot culture experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during kharif II, 2012 to evaluate the nodulation, biological nitrogen fixation and yield potential of genotypes of mungbean under varying levels of N application. There were 10 mungbean genotypes viz. IPSA 12, GK 27, IPSA 3, IPSA 5, ACC12890055, GK 63, ACC12890053, BU mug 4, BARI Mung 6 and Binamoog 5, each genotype treated with six levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1) . Among the genotypes, the IPSA 12 at 40 kg N ha-1 produced the maximum number of nodules (14.54 plant-1) as well as the highest nitrogen fixation (2.684 mmol C2H4). This resulted in the highest seed yield (14.22 g plant-1). The genotype ACC12890053 recorded the lowest nodulation (6 plant-1), nitrogen fixation (1.134) and seed yield (7.33 g plant-1).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 163-171, March 2016

Nitrogen fixation in the high arctic tundra at Sarcpa Lake, Northwest Territories

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim D. Karagatzides ◽  
Martin C. Lewis ◽  
Herbert M. Schulman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

The acetylene reduction assay was used to examine biological nitrogen fixation in the high arctic tundra at Sarcpa Lake, Northwest Territories (68°32′ N, 83°19′ W). The highest rates of acetylene reduction (9.37 ± 3.19 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1) were in habitats that had a high density of the legumes Oxytropis maydelliana, O. arctobia, and Astragalus alpinus. Nitrogen fixation in the wet soils along the shore of a small lake was similar (8.87 ± 4.35 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1) because of the blue-green alga Nostoc, which associates with mosses. Free-living blue-green algae and lichens made insignificant contributions to the total nitrogen fixation budget because they were uncommon and fixed nitrogen at a slower rate. Nitrogen-fixing lichens in the area included Stereocaulon arenarium and S. rivulorum. It is concluded that legumes have a significant input to the biological nitrogen fixation budget at Sarcpa Lake.

The fixed nitrogen sensitivity of biological nitrogen fixation in salt marshes sediments from the northeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Darnajoux ◽  
Rei Zhang ◽  
Katja Luxem ◽  
Xinning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

<p>Biological nitrogen fixation, the main input of fixed N into ecosystems, converts inert N<sub>2</sub> gas into bioavailable ammonium in an energetically costly reaction catalyzed by the prokaryotic metalloenzyme nitrogenase.  The high ATP and reductant requirements of N<sub>2</sub> fixation explain why this process is highly regulated in diazotrophs, with the presence of ammonium inhibiting nitrogenase expression and activity. Yet, several reports of N<sub>2</sub> fixation in ammonium- and nitrate-rich (10 to 300 µM) benthic environments challenge our understanding of a key environmental sensitivity of N<sub>2</sub> fixation. Field studies point to heterotrophic sulfate reducers as the likely diazotrophs in these benthic settings, but the fixed N sensitivity of sulfate-reducing diazotrophs is not well understood due to a dearth of culture studies. Additionally, assays of N<sub>2</sub> fixation in incubations rarely involve parallel measurements of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, possibly leading to experimental bias in favor of detecting activity under ammonium-replete initial conditions.</p><p>To help reconcile the environmental results, we investigate the ammonium sensitivity of N<sub>2</sub> fixation using the acetylene reduction assay and <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> tracer methods in i) the model sulfate-reducing diazotroph, <em>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</em> str. Hildenborough (DvH), ii) four enrichment cultures from salt marsh sediments of New Jersey, and iii) slurry incubations of sediments collected from three northeastern salt marshes. In all instances, we found that ammonium strongly inhibits biological nitrogen fixation, with nitrogenase activity only detectable when ammonium concentration is below a threshold of 10 µM (slurry incubation) or 2 µM (pure cultures, enrichments). Amendment of ammonium quickly inhibits nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase activity only resumes  once ammonium is depleted to the threshold level. Ammonium additions to actively fixing samples show complete inhibition of N<sub>2</sub> fixation within several hours post-addition. </p><p>Our measurements of the ammonium sensitivity of benthic N<sub>2</sub> fixation are consistent with the traditional understanding of nitrogen fixer metabolism and with early findings of Postgate et al. (1984) demonstrating that N<sub>2</sub> fixation by the sulfate reducer <em>Desulfovibrio gigas</em> is inhibited by ammonium levels that exceed 10 µM. These results help clarify a long-standing paradox in benthic nitrogen cycling. We suggest that prior observations of N<sub>2</sub> fixation at elevated ammonium levels could reflect methodological artifacts due to very fast depletion of ammonium during activity assays, legacy N<sub>2</sub> fixation activity associated with incomplete inhibition by ammonium, or spatial heterogeneity. Further work to standardize fixed N sensitivity assays could help with cross-study comparisons and with clarifying inconsistencies in our understanding of how environmental fixed nitrogen levels control nitrogen fixation.</p>

Helping plants get more nitrogen from the air

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Cocking
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Free Living ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Inoculation Technology

Plants cannot themselves obtain their nitrogen from the air but rely mainly on the supply of combined nitrogen in the form of ammonia, or nitrates, resulting from nitrogen fixation by free-living bacteria in the soil or bacteria living symbiotically in nodules on the roots of legumes. Increased crop yields in the twentieth century required this biological nitrogen fixation to be supplemented increasingly by the use of fixed nitrogen from chemical fertilizers. The development of the Haber–Bosch process for catalytically combining atmospheric nitrogen with hydrogen from fossil fuels to produce ammonia enabled increased crop yields. However, energy and environmental concerns arising from the overuse of nitrogenous fertilizers have highlighted the need for plants to obtain more of their nitrogen from the air by biological nitrogen fixation. New systems are being developed for increased biological nitrogen fixation with cereals and other non-legumes by establishing nitrogen-fixing bacteria within their roots. This new inoculation technology is aimed at significantly reducing the use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers in world agriculture.

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