scholarly journals Genetic diversity and complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in the microenvironment among siblings of the same household in North-Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Isaac Oyedeji ◽  
Peter Usman Bassi ◽  
Samuel Adeola Oyedeji ◽  
Olusola Ojurongbe ◽  
Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
North Central ◽  
Allele Type ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum parasites are known to exhibit extensive genetic diversity in areas of high transmission intensity and infected individuals in such communities often harbour several complex mixtures of parasite clones with different genetic characteristics. However, in the micro-environment, the extent of genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasites remain largely unknown. In this study therefore, the complexity of P. falciparum infections in households was investigated among symptomatic siblings, living under the same roof in north-central Nigeria.Methods Children were enrolled into the study if they were at least two from a household and presented with symptoms of uncomplicated malaria. Clinical malaria was confirmed by light microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood spots on filter paper. Molecular characterization of P. falciparum isolates was done by allele-specific nested PCR of the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2) gene.Results Ninety-three children from 43 households were enrolled into this study. A total of 26 different msp-2 alleles were identified from 215 fragments (range: 180-480 bp). Majority of the isolates (65.6% (n=61)) were polyclonal infections consisting of 2-6 clones and were significantly more common with the FC27 allelic family (p = 0.036). The multiplicity of infection (MOI) per household ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 while the overall MOI in the study population was 2.31. The pattern of distribution of msp-2 allele types among the households fell into two categories: households where both msp-2 allele types (FC27 and 3D7) were present; households where only one msp-2 allele type (FC27 or 3D7) was present. Majority of the households (88.4% (n=38)), had both msp-2 allele types but they were disproportionately distributed among the children while in a few households (11.6% (n=5)), all the children were infected with only one type of msp-2 allele.Conclusion These findings showed that P. falciparum isolates exhibit remarkable degree of genetic diversity in the micro-environment and are composed mainly of multiclonal infections, which is an indication of a high ongoing parasite transmission. This suggests that the micro-environment is an important area of focus for malaria control interventions and for evaluating intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in the microenvironment among siblings of the same household in North-Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Isaac Oyedeji ◽  
Peter Usman Bassi ◽  
Samuel Adeola Oyedeji ◽  
Olusola Ojurongbe ◽  
Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
North Central ◽  
Allele Type ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum parasites are known to exhibit extensive genetic diversity in areas of high transmission intensity and infected individuals in such communities often harbour several complex mixtures of parasite clones with different genetic characteristics. However, in the micro-environment, the extent of genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasites remain largely unknown. In this study therefore, the complexity of P. falciparum infections in households was investigated among symptomatic siblings, living under the same roof in north-central Nigeria. Methods Children were enrolled into the study if they were at least two from a household and presented with symptoms of uncomplicated malaria. Clinical malaria was confirmed by light microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood spots on filter paper. Molecular characterization of P. falciparum isolates was done by allele-specific nested PCR of the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2) gene. Results Ninety-three children from 43 households were enrolled into this study. A total of 26 different msp-2 alleles were identified from 215 fragments (range: 180–480 bp). Majority of the isolates [65.6% (n = 61)] were polyclonal infections consisting of 2–6 clones and were significantly more common with the FC27 allelic family (p = 0.036). The multiplicity of infection (MOI) per household ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 while the overall MOI in the study population was 2.31. The pattern of distribution of msp-2 allele types among the households fell into two categories: households where both msp-2 allele types (FC27 and 3D7) were present; households where only one msp-2 allele type (FC27 or 3D7) was present. Majority of the households [88.4% (n = 38)], had both msp-2 allele types but they were disproportionately distributed among the children while in a few households [11.6% (n = 5)], all the children were infected with only one type of msp-2 allele. Conclusion These findings showed that P. falciparum isolates exhibit remarkable degree of genetic diversity in the micro-environment and are composed mainly of multiclonal infections, which is an indication of a high ongoing parasite transmission. This suggests that the micro-environment is an important area of focus for malaria control interventions and for evaluating intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Complexity of Plasmodium Falciparum Infections in the Microenvironment Among Siblings of the Same Household in North-central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Isaac Oyedeji ◽  
Peter Usman Bassi ◽  
Samuel Adeola Oyedeji ◽  
Olusola Ojurongbe ◽  
Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
North Central ◽  
Allele Type ◽  
Allele Specific

Abstract Background: Plasmodium falciparum parasites are known to exhibit extensive genetic diversity in areas of high transmission intensity and infected individuals in such communities often harbour several complex mixture of parasite clones with different genetic characteristics. However, in the microenvironment, the extent of genetic diversity of the P. falciparum parasites remain largely unknown. In this study therefore, we investigated the complexity of P. falciparum infections in households, among symptomatic siblings living under the same roof in North-central Nigeria.Methods: Children were enrolled into the study if they were at least two from a household and presented with symptoms of uncomplicated malaria. Clinical malaria was confirmed by light microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood spots on filter paper. Molecular characterization of P. falciparum isolates was done by allele-specific nested PCR of the highly polymorphic merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) gene.Results: 93 children from 43 households were enrolled into this study. A total of 26 different MSP-2 alleles were identified from 215 fragments (range: 180-480bp). Majority of the isolates [65.6% (n=61)] were polyclonal infections consisting of 2-6 clones and were significantly more common with the FC27 allelic family (p = 0.036). The multiplicity of infection (MOI) per household ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 while the overall MOI in the study population was 2.31. The pattern of distribution of MSP-2 allele types among the households fell into two categories: households where both MSP-2 allele types (FC27 and 3D7) were present; and households where only one MSP-2 allele type (FC27 or 3D7) was present. Majority of the households [88.4% (n=38)], had both MSP-2 allele types but they were disproportionately distributed among the children while in a few households [11.6% (n=5)], all the children were infected with only one type of MSP-2 allele.Conclusion: Our findings showed that P. falciparum isolates exhibit remarkable degree of genetic diversity in the microenvironment and are composed mainly of multiclonal infections, which is an indication of a high ongoing parasite transmission. This suggests that the microenvironment is an important area of focus for malaria control interventions and for evaluating intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Low levels of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in two Nigerian communities bordering the Niger River

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Idakwo ◽  
Emmanuel T. Idowu ◽  
Kolapo M. Oyebola ◽  
Olubunmi A. Otubanjo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
North Central ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Parasite Populations

Introduction: Extensive genetic diversity of malaria parasites is a major draw back to ongoing control efforts. Population-specific investigation of genetic structure of the parasite is important for effective malaria intervention in endemic populations such as Nigeria where about one-third of the global burden of the disease is borne. This study describes the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in the Niger River basins, North-Central Nigeria. Methodology: Parasite DNA w as extracted fr om finger -prick blood samples collected from eighty P. falciparum positive individuals. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) genotyping was carried out to target K1, MAD20 and R033 allelic families of Merozoite Surface Protein (MSP) -1 gene and FC27 and 3D7 allelic families of MSP-2 gene. Results: Proportion of isolates with K1 family w as 28(70%) with two alleles in Idah and 16(40%) with two alleles in Ibaji. Proportion of isolates with MAD20 family was 8 (20%) and a total of two alleles were observed in Idah and 4(10%) with two alleles in Ibaji. RO33 proportion was 16 (40%) in Idah one allele and 8(20%) in Ibaji where the allelic family was also observed to be monomorphic. K1 was the most predominant MSP1 allele in the two parasite populations and the frequency of FC27 genotype was higher than 3D7 in both populations. Multiplicity of infection (Mol) with MSP-1 loci was higher in Ibaji (1.30) than Idah (1.05) while MoI with MSP-2 loci was lower in Ibaji (2.00) than Idah (2.13). However, there is no significant difference in the mean Mol between Idah and Ibaji (P > 0.05). The expected heterozygosity (HE) value was 0.56 for MSP-1 and 0.84 for MSP-2. Conclusion: Our findings revealed high levels of monoclonal infections with P. falciparum, suggesting low parasite diversity. This may be a pointer to a reduction in malaria transmission in the river basins.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Merozoite Surface Protein.1 of Plasmodium falciparum in Highlands: Wamena Papua Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Rosye Hefmi Rechnelty Tanjung ◽  
Yulius Sarungu ◽  
Meidy Johana Imbiri ◽  
Ade Irma Resmol ◽  
Dirk Yanes Persius Runtuboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum by multiplexed amplicon deep sequencing in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolla Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamad Sy ◽  
Amy Gaye ◽  
Katherine J. Siddle ◽  
Daniel J. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Molecular epidemiology can provide important information regarding the genetic diversity and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, which can assist in designing and monitoring elimination efforts. However, malaria molecular epidemiology including understanding the genetic diversity of the parasite and performing molecular surveillance of transmission has been poorly documented in Senegal. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) offers a practical, fast and high-throughput approach to understand malaria population genetics. This study aims to unravel the population structure of P. falciparum and to estimate the allelic diversity, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and evolutionary patterns of the malaria parasite using the NGS platform. Methods Multiplex amplicon deep sequencing of merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1) and merozoite surface protein 2 (PfMSP2) in fifty-three P. falciparum isolates from two epidemiologically different areas in the South and North of Senegal, was carried out. Results A total of 76 Pfmsp1 and 116 Pfmsp2 clones were identified and 135 different alleles were found, 56 and 79 belonged to the pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 genes, respectively. K1 and IC3D7 allelic families were most predominant in both sites. The local haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were higher in the South than in the North for both genes. For pfmsp1, a high positive Tajima’s D (TD) value was observed in the South (D = 2.0453) while negative TD value was recorded in the North (D = − 1.46045) and F-Statistic (Fst) was 0.19505. For pfmsp2, non-directional selection was found with a highly positive TD test in both areas and Fst was 0.02111. The mean MOI for both genes was 3.07 and 1.76 for the South and the North, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between areas (p = 0.001). Conclusion This study revealed a high genetic diversity of pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 genes and low genetic differentiation in P. falciparum population in Senegal. The MOI means were significantly different between the Southern and Northern areas. Findings also showed that multiplexed amplicon deep sequencing is a useful technique to investigate genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of P. falciparum infections.

RESTRICTED GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MAJOR MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN 1 IN ISOLATES FROM COLOMBIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZILKA I. TERRIENTES ◽  
KENTON KRAMER ◽  
SANDRA P. CHANG ◽  
JUANA VERGARA ◽  
SÓCRATES HERRERA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein ◽  
Merozoite Surface Protein 1
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