scholarly journals Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors, assessing reliability, and providing scientific advice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexuan Chen ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Feng Hou ◽  
Jialiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.

scholarly journals Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors and assessing reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexuan Chen ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Feng Hou ◽  
Jialiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.

scholarly journals Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors and assessing reliability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexuan Chen ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Feng Hou ◽  
Jialiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.

scholarly journals Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to identify the origin of Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors, assessing reliability, and providing scientific advice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexuan Chen ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Feng Hou ◽  
Jialiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Abstract Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. In 2008, “The manufacturing process of Linqing brick” was selected as the intangible cultural heritage list in China. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick represents an important issue to be investigated in the field of archeology and architectural history research in China, as it could be used to verify certain assumptions regarding the history of heritage buildings, the resolution for which cannot be obtained by examining the historical documents. Hand Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements and concentrations of Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF may prove to be significant in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element concentrations of the surface for the brick in situ. Which method would provide the most reliable data is an important concern. The aim of the present study was to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy, in order to assist with scientific advice for the usage of HH-XRF. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and to assess reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured, and the scientific advice regarding its application in determining the concentrations of the main elements of Linqing brick was provided.

Effect of Annealing Conditions on the Dissolution Process of Complex Carbonitrides in a V-Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Gloria Basanta ◽  
Ana L. Rivas ◽  
Ervis Díaz ◽  
Carlos Parra
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Dissolution Process ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

The present work has been undertaken to assess the evolution of dissolution process of large dendritic precipitates in a V-Nb-Ti microalloyed steel. The study was performed by reheating the samples at 1250°C, simulating the industrial reheating practices at laboratory scale and in situ, following industrial profile; afterwards the samples were quenched in 10%NaCl aqueous solution. The characterization of the material was carried out by scanning electron microscopy accompanied with dispersive energy spectrometry, and chemical analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results showed a partial dissolution of dendritic precipitates. This process ocurred by a progressive dissolving the Nb-rich shells formed over cuboidal particles and primary arm of well-faceted dendritic precipitates, and by fragmentation and spheroidization of secondary branches. These processes gave rise to spherical Nb rich precipitates and cuboidal particles at the reheating conditions used in this study. Both type of particles contain vanadium.

scholarly journals Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1957-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Wojnarowicz ◽  
Sylwia Kusnieruk ◽  
Tadeusz Chudoba ◽  
Stanislaw Gierlotka ◽  
Witold Lojkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
State Present

Zinc oxide nanopowders doped with 1–15 mol % cobalt were produced by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) technique. The obtained nanoparticles were annealed at 800 °C in nitrogen (99.999%) and in synthetic air. The material nanostructure was investigated by means of the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry density, specific surface area (SSA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and with magnetometry using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Irrespective of the Co content, nanoparticles in their initial state present a similar morphology. They are composed of loosely agglomerated spherical particles with wurtzite-type crystal structure with crystallites of a mean size of 30 nm. Annealing to temperatures of up to 800 °C induced the growth of crystallites up to a maximum of 2 μm in diameter. For samples annealed in high purity nitrogen, the precipitation of metallic α-Co was detected for a Co content of 5 mol % or more. For samples annealed in synthetic air, no change of phase structure was detected, except for precipitation of Co3O4 for a Co content of 15 mol %. The results of the magentometry investigation indicated that all as-synthesized samples displayed paramagnetic properties with a contribution of anti-ferromagnetic coupling of Co–Co pairs. After annealing in synthetic air, the samples remained paramagnetic and samples annealed under nitrogen flow showed a magnetic response under the influences of a magnetic field, likely related to the precipitation of metallic Co in nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
Domingo Gimeno ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract This work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite by using a kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). The kaolin is calcined at a temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with calculated quantities of NaOH. The synthesis runs are carried out at ambient pressure and at variable temperatures of 65 ° and 100 °C. For the first time compared to the past, the Na-P1 zeolite is synthesized without the use of additives and through a protocol that reduces both temperatures and synthesis times. The synthesis products are analysed by X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The cell parameters are calculated using the Rietveld method. Density and specific surface area are also calculated. The absence of amorphous phases and impurities in synthetic powders is verified through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.The results make the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

scholarly journals Multi-Analytical Investigation of Stains on Dimension Stones in Master Valentim’s Fountain, Brazil

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto da Conceição Ribeiro ◽  
Patrícia Marques Ferreira de Figueiredo ◽  
Daniel Silva Barbutti
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Light Staining ◽  
Metallic Plates

Master Valentim’s fountain has become an important historical patrimony for Brazil, being portrayed by famous artists, among them Jean-Baptiste Debret. In 1938, it was registered as cultural heritage by the Brazilian National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), and in 1990 it was subjected to excavation and restoration works. The fountain was built in Gneiss and Lioz limestone, with metallic plates and mortar connecting the Gneiss blocks. Currently, deteriorations in the fountain stones can be observed, such as light stains and some aesthetic modifications caused by inadequate restorations. Petrography, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), XRD, physical properties, colorimetry, electrical conductivity, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and TGA were performed in order to characterize the Gneiss blocks, the metallic plates, and the stones used in previous restorations, as well as light stains observed on the Gneiss blocks. The petrography and XRD analyses inferred that the light stains may have been caused by the formation of an insoluble salt as a result of the association of the lead from the plates with other elements. The XRD analysis on the light staining area indicated the presence of cerussite (PbCO3) and anglesite (PbSO4), which are the probable cause of the light stains. The SEM-EDX results suggested that sulfur is the main element associated to lead.

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