scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Macrophage Polarization Formation In The Inner And Outer Area of Carotid Plaque Arteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Saberianpour ◽  
Mohammad hadi saeed Modaghegh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Kamyar
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Simple Sampling ◽  
Western Blotting Assay ◽  
M1 And M2 Macrophages

Abstract Introduction: It is noteworthy that vast data exists which links NETs to arterial and venous thrombosis in both animal models and humans. In the current study, the level of extracellular neutrophil networks and macrophage polarization in the area outside and inside the carotid plaque of patients with carotid stenosis were assessed.Material and Methods: Ten patients were included in this pilot study. Confirmed cases of carotid stenosis were selected to participate in the study using the simple sampling method. Samples of carotid plaques of each patient were divided into two halves with a transverse incision; the terms inner part and outer part were used for the plaque’s inner part and the adjacent area, respectively. Carotid plaque was excised, and half of them were sorted in 10% formalin for CD163,CD11c ,MPO and histone H3 immunohistochemistry assessment while the other halves were stored at -80 ° C for western blotting assay with PDA4 marker. For statistical analysis, we used independent samples T-test or its non-parametric equivalents.Results: Results of this study showed that the extracellular neutrophil chicks in the inner part of the carotid plaque were significantly increased (P <0.0001), while the number of M1 and M2 macrophages was higher in the inner part compared with the outer part of the carotid plaque (P <0.0001).Conclusion: NETs and Macrophages have great potential for further investigation to find a better treatment for carotid plaque.

scholarly journals The analysis of the connection between plaque morphology of the asymptomatic carotid stenosis and ischemic brain lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 993-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Milosevic ◽  
Janko Pasternak ◽  
Vladan Popovic ◽  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
Pavle Milosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid ◽  
Silent Brain Infarction

Background/Aim. A certain percentage of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis have an unstable carotid plaque. For these patients it is possible to register by modern imaging methods the existence of lesions of the brain parenchyma - the silent brain infarction. These patients have a greater risk of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to analyze the connection between the morphology of atherosclerotic carotid plaque in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the manifestation of silent brain infarction, and to analyze the influence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases on the occurrence of silent brain infarction and the morphology of carotid plaque. Methods. This retrospective study included patients who had been operated for high grade (> 70%) extracranial atherosclerotic carotid stenosis at the Clinic for Vascular and Transplantation Surgery of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina over a period of 5 years. The patients analyzed had no clinical manifestation of cerebrovascular insufficiency of the carotid artery territory up to the time of operation. The classification of carotid plaque morphology was carried out according to the Gray-Weale classification, after which all the types were subcategorized into two groups: stable and unstable. Brain lesions were verified using preoperative imaging of the brain parenchyma by magnetic resonance. We analyzed ipsilateral lesions of the size > or = 3 mm. Results. Out of a 201 patients 78% had stable plaque and 22% unstable one. Unstable plaque was prevalent in the male patients (male/female ratio = 24.8% : 17.8%), but without a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The risk factors (hypertension, nicotinism, hyperlipoproteinemia, and diabetes mellitus) showed no statistically significant impact on carotid plaque morphology and the occurrence of silent brain infarction. Silent brain infarction was detected in 30.8% of the patients. Unstable carotid plaque was found in a larger percentage of patients with silent brain infarction (36.4% : 29.3%) but without a significant statistical difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Even though silent brain infarction is more frequent in patients with unstable plaque of carotid bifurication, the difference is of no statistical significance. The effects of the number and type of risk factors bear no statistical significance on the incidence of morphological asymptomatic carotid plaque.

scholarly journals Neutrophil extracellular traps induce thrombogenicity in severe carotid stenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihua Zhang ◽  
Mengfan Guo ◽  
Qianzi Liu ◽  
Jingfeng Liu ◽  
Yankun Cui
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Traps

scholarly journals The Use of Instruments by Iranian Endodontics and General Practioners

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Gisour Elham ◽  
Zarmehi Sedigheh
Keyword(s):  
Contingency Table ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Simple Sampling ◽  
New Generation

Aim: The current clinical practice of endodontics involves utilization of a variety of new technological advances and materials. Technologies available for use in endodontic offices today include battery or electric motors using NiTi rotary file systems, new generation of electronic apex locators (EALs), improved digital radiographic sensors, surgical microscopes, and ultrasonic units. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and use of newer technologies among Iranian dental practitioners. Materials and methods: The population under study included the dental practitioners participating in the 49th and 50th Congress of Dentistry, who were selected with a simple sampling method. Data was collected by questionnaires which were completed by the participants in an anonymous manner. The contingency table and chi-squared test were used for data analysis by SPSS 13.5 software. Results: A total of 700 dental practitioners participated in the study; NiTi rotary systems were used by 50.1%; electronic apex locators were often employed by 46.3%; 21.7% reported that ultrasonic units were often used. Only 1.1% frequently used surgical microscopes. Males and females differed with respect to the use of newer technologies (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems necessary for dentists to take part in continuing dental education programs related to the newer technologies to improve their knowledge and practice.

Hyperintense Carotid Plaque on T1-Weighted Turbo-Field Echo MRI in Symptomatic Patients with Low-Grade Carotid Stenosis and Carotid Occlusion

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja G. van der Kolk ◽  
Gert J. de Borst ◽  
Anne G. den Hartog ◽  
M. Eline Kooi ◽  
Willem P.T.M. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Turbo Field Echo

Abstract WP158: Validation of a Preliminary Prediction Model with MR Plaque Imaging to Estimate Risk for New Ischemic Brain Lesions after Carotid Endarterectomy or Stenting

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohkichi Hosoda ◽  
Nobuyuki Akutsu ◽  
Atsushi Fujita ◽  
Eiji Kohmura
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Black Blood ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Validation Set

[Objective] Recently, we reported a preliminary prediction model with carotid plaque MRI to estimate risk for new ischaemic brain lesions after CEA or CAS. The objective of this study was to validate this model in new set of patients with carotid stenosis. [Methods] One hundred four patients with carotid stenosis undergoing treatment (63 CEA, 41 CAS) were used as a training set for construction of a preliminary prediction model to estimate risk for new ischemic brain lesions after CEA or CAS. T1 and T2 signal intensity of carotid plaque were measured on black-blood MRI. Associations among MRI findings, treatment, clinical factors, and occurrence of new ischemic lesions on DWI 1 day after treatment were studied by logistic regression. The validity of the prediction model was examined using a new set of patients with carotid stenosis (n = 43) as a validation set. [Results] In the training set, new DWI lesions after treatment were observed in 25 patients (24%). The model demonstrated that T1-signal intensity and CAS were positively associated with new lesions on post-treatment DWI scans, and T2 signal intensity was negatively associated (Fig. 1). The C-index was 0.79, which indicated some predictive value. In the validation set, new DWI lesions after treatment were observed in 10 patients (23%). However, C-index was 0.6 and positive predictive value was 33% (Fig. 2), which suggested overfitting of our model and/or differences in case-mix between the training set and validation set. [Conclusions] Our preliminary prediction model may provide some useful information for decision-making regarding treatment strategy, but needs further collection of patients to improve its predictive value.

3041Wall shear stress measurement by ultrafast vector flow imaging for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Goudot ◽  
L Khider ◽  
O Pedreira ◽  
J M Poree ◽  
P Julia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Plaque Vulnerability ◽  
Wall Shear

Abstract Background Carotid plaque vulnerability assessment is an important factor in guiding the decision to treat significant carotid stenosis. Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging (UF) offers the possibility of evaluating local flow velocities over an entire 2D image, allowing access to velocity measurements in contact with the arterial wall and to measure the wall shear stress (WSS). Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of WSS measurement in a prospective series of patients with carotid stenosis. Methods A 7.5 MHz linear probe of an Aixplorer scanner was used. UF acquisitions had 3 tilted plane waves transmits (−10; 0; 10°) and an effective frame rate of 5000Hz. We evaluated the flow velocity in 5 areas of the carotid wall: common carotid artery (1), plaque ascent (2), plaque peak (3), plaque descent (4), internal carotid artery (5) (Figure). WSS was computed with the vector field speed using the following formula, WSS=μ·δn·v with v the blood velocity, n the normal vector to the vessel wall and μ, the blood viscosity, calculated from the hematocrit value for each patient. WSS measurement method was first validated using a laminar flow phantom and known viscosity. And then, 33 patients were then prospectively evaluated, with a median carotid stenosis degree of 80% [75–85]. Results Significant correlation was found between in vitro measurement and the theoretical WSS values (R2=0.95; p<0.001).In patients,the maximum WSS value over the cardiac cycle follows the shape of the plaque with an increase during the ascend, reaching its maximum value of 3.57 Pa [2.47–4.45] at the peak of the plaque, and a fall after passing the peak (0.99 Pa [0.8–1.32]) lower than the WSS values in the non-stenotic areas (1.55 Pa [1.13–1.90] for the common carotid artery) (Table). Table 1 Wall's area Wall shear stress (Pa) Min Max Delta 1. Common carotid artery 0.14 [0.05–0.27] 1.55 [1.13–1.90] 0.73 [0.55–0.96] 2. Plaque's ascent 0.39 [0.24–0.59] 2.63 [1.89–3.28] 1.20 [0.89–1.79] 3. Plaque's peak 0.60 [0.32–0.89] 3.57 [2.47–4.45] 1.78 [1.44–2.46] 4. Plaque's descent 0.16 [0.13–0.22] 0.99 [0.80–1.32] 0.52 [0.34–0.73] 5. Internal carotid artery 0.17 [0.13–0.35] 1.37 [1.04–1.75] 0.72 [0.50–0.87] Results are median [25th–75th percentile]. Figure 1 Conclusion UF provide reliable WSS values. High WSS was present at the peak of the plaque, whereas lowest WSS values were found at the post-stenotic zone. WSS evaluation may help to better characterize the carotid plaque vulnerability.

720 Ultrasound Features of Carotid Plaque Instability are Associated Between Sides in Patients With Bilateral Carotid Stenosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. S375-S376
Author(s):  
R.J. Doonan ◽  
A. Dawson ◽  
J. Gorgui ◽  
Y. Gomez ◽  
C. Kwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Ultrasound Features

Microembolic signals and carotid plaque morphology: a study of 71 patients with moderate or high grade carotid stenosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mayor ◽  
M. Comelli ◽  
E. Vassileva ◽  
P. Burkhard ◽  
R. Sztajzel
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
High Grade

M1 and M2 macrophages within human carotid plaques express different NPY receptors: are they involved in macrophage polarization?

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. e124
Author(s):  
Rita Businaro ◽  
Ilia Elenkov ◽  
Mariangela Corsi ◽  
Tania Di Raimo ◽  
Elisa Maggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Npy Receptors ◽  
M1 And M2 Macrophages ◽  
Human Carotid

scholarly journals Detection of Unstable Plaques in Patients with Carotid Stenosis Using B-Mode Ultrasonography

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kobayashi ◽  
J. Ono ◽  
S. Hirai ◽  
I. Yamakami ◽  
N. Saeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
New Method ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Unstable Plaques

Distal embolism is a detrimental complication of stent placement for the carotid artery stenosis. To evaluate usefulness of B-mode ultrasonography (US) for the detection of unstable plaques in patients with carotid artery stenosis, we examined US in 46 arteries of 35 patients with carotid stenosis of >30%. The echogenicity of 46 carotid plaques was hyperechoic in 20 plaques, hypoechoic in 15, and mixed-echoic in 11. The echogenicity of carotid plaques was correlated with severity of carotid stenosis, ipsilateral stroke or T1A, heart attack, and risk factors of systemic atherosclerosis. Hypoechoic plaques were associated with severe carotid stenosis and ipsilateral ischemic event. Mixed-echoic plaques had a high incidence of past history of heart attack. Hyperechoic plaques were less likely to associate with risk factors of systemic atherosclerosis. We developed a new method of echodensity analysis. Using a computer software, echodensity values of seven plaque components were determined by comparing US findings and pathology of surgical specimens. The echodensity value was defined as a relative value to the arterial lumen. The calcified part of plaques had the highest echodensity of 6.24 ± 0.86 (mean ± 2 S.D.); fibrosis or hyarynoid degeneration of 2.05 ± 0.40, foamy histiocytes of 1.47 ± 0.05, necrosis of 1.32 ± 0.16, cholestelin clefts of 1.28 ± 0.13, intraplaque hemorrhage of 1.02 ± 0.09, and intraluminal thrombus of 1.27 ± 0.07. Constructed from the echodensity value, an echo-densitometry color mapping of the carotid plaque illustrated the exact location and extent of plaque component. B-mode US of carotid plaques represents clinical characteristics relating distal embolism and systemic atherosclerosis. A new method of echodensity analysis and echo-densitometry color mapping of the carotid plaque is useful to detect unstable plaques in patients with carotid stenosis.

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