scholarly journals Online Faculty Development in low- and middle-income countries for Health Professions Educators: A rapid realist review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Keiller ◽  
Champion Nyoni ◽  
Chantel van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Development ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Online Faculty ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Online Faculty Development ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Rapid Realist Review ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Health professions educators require support to develop teaching and learning, research, educational leadership, and administrative skills to strengthen their higher education role through faculty development initiatives. Where administration has pursued face-to-face and online faculty development initiatives, results have positively influenced health professions educators. There is limited evidence demonstrating how online faculty development works for health professions educators in low- and middle-income countries who engage in online health professions education (HPE) faculty development. Methods A Conjecture Map for online HPE faculty development courses identified candidate theories for a rapid realist review. The Conjecture Map and candidate theories, Community of Inquiry and the Conversational Framework guided the development of search terms and analysis for this review. Three searches using EbscoHost databases yielded 1 030 abstracts. A primary and secondary research team participated in a multi-reviewer blinded process in assessing abstracts, selecting full-text articles, and data extraction. The primary research team analysed eight articles for this rapid realist review to answer the research question: How do online HPE faculty development courses work, or not work, in low- and middle-income countries? Data were analysed and mapped to the initial Conjecture Map and the research question. Results The research references US-based organisations forming partnerships with low- and middle-income countries, and who provide funding for online HPE faculty development initiatives. These initiatives design courses that facilitate learning through engagement from which participants report beneficial outcomes of professional and career development. The review does not clarify if the reported outcomes are generalisable for facilitators from low-and middle-income countries. The findings of this review demonstrate the role of a community of practice as the dominant mechanism through which the outcomes are achieved, based on a design that incorporates six triggering events. The design aligns the triggering events with the three categories of the Community of Inquiry—a theory for designing online learning environments. Conclusion Health professions educators in low- and middle-income countries can develop professional and interpersonal skills through a well-designed, specifically constructed online community that prioritises active discussion.

Online Faculty Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Chnimay Shah ◽  
Rashmi Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Development ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Online Faculty ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Online Journal ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Online Faculty Development ◽  
Medical Educators

Online learning has been found useful for faculty development programs in health professions education. The purpose of this paper is to report the online journal club discussion on the article “Health Professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world” published in The Lancet in 2010. This online discussion was conducted from 15th – 30th August 2012 in the MEU- India Google group. The discussion was divided into two parts and moderated by the authors of this paper. Sixteen medical educators participated in the discussion and there were 63 posts in the two weeks that the paper was discussed. The discussion indicated that there were gaps between health professions education and health needs. Translation of social accountability into action is an important step to bridge this gap. One of the uses of advances in information –technology is to have an online journal club discussion, which could be an effective tool for faculty development.

scholarly journals A realist review to assess for whom, under what conditions and how pay for performance programmes work in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 113624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha S. Singh ◽  
Roxanne J. Kovacs ◽  
Rachel Cassidy ◽  
Søren R. Kristensen ◽  
Josephine Borghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Exploring how and why Care Groups work to improve infant feeding practices in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternella Pieterse ◽  
Anne Matthews ◽  
Aisling Walsh ◽  
Ellen Chirwa
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Care Groups ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Within our inquiry into the implementation of breastfeeding policy in Malawi, Care Groups have been mentioned as a means to improve maternal and child health and nutrition outcomes. The ‘Care Group model’ is an approach primarily used in international development settings, whereby social and behaviour changes are promoted through supported peer-to-peer (mostly mother-to-mother) knowledge sharing. The aim of most Care Groups is to promote improved infant nutrition, improve hygiene and increase the number of children who are fully vaccinated and exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. The behavioural changes promoted by Care Groups (such as safe infant feeding, frequent hand washing, consistent mosquito net usage, providing suitable complementary foods from 6 months old) have the potential of averting preventable deaths particularly among children under five. While a variety of approaches are used to promote improved health and nutrition for children under five, the Care Groups model was best known and frequently referenced during our discussions with key stakeholders regarding the delivery at community level of Malawi’s National Multi-Sector Nutrition Policy 2018-2022. A better understanding of how Care Groups achieve their social and behaviour change results and how community-based efforts are sustained can potentially help to ensure more effective planning and budgeting for Care Group interventions and enable greater sustainability and increased coverage of infant feeding support countrywide. This realist review is designed to improve our understanding of how, why, to what extent and under what circumstances Care Groups improve infant feeding practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods and analysis A realist review is a theory-driven approach to evidence synthesis. To undertake this realist review, we will gather evidence by conducting peer-reviewed and grey literature database searches in order to find peer reviewed articles, programme guidelines and evaluation reports, among other texts, associated with the implementation of Care Groups in low- and middle-income countries. Our review process has five key steps: (1) locating existing theories; (2) searching for evidence in literature; (3) selecting articles and other suitable evidence; (4) extracting data, identifying configurations of context-mechanism-outcomes; and (5) synthesising the evidence, drawing conclusions. Discussion The results of this realist review will be written up according to RAMESES guidelines and disseminated through a stakeholder workshop in Malawi, through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. It is intended to improve the understanding of the potential and limits of working through Care Groups globally and among relevant Malawi Ministry of Health staff and the donor and NGO community, both internationally and within Malawi. This systematic review protocol has been submitted for registration on the PROSPERO database (receipt number: 170261).

scholarly journals Understanding for whom, why and in what circumstances payment for performance works in low and middle income countries: protocol for a realist review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e000695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Borghi ◽  
Neha S Singh ◽  
Garrett Brown ◽  
Laura Anselmi ◽  
Soren Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Programme Design ◽  
Business Source Premier ◽  
Low And Middle Income

BackgroundMany low and middle income countries (LMIC) are implementing payment for performance (P4P) schemes to strengthen health systems and make progress towards universal health coverage. A number of systematic reviews have considered P4P effectiveness but did not explore how P4P works in different settings to improve outcomes or shed light on pathways or mechanisms of programme effect. This research will undertake a realist review to investigate how, why and in what circumstances P4P leads to intended and unintended outcomes in LMIC.MethodsOur search was guided by an initial programme theory of mechanisms and involved a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Popline, Business Source Premier, Emerald Insight and EconLit databases for studies on P4P and health in LMIC. Inclusion and exclusion criteria identify literature that is relevant to the initial programme theory and the research questions underpinning the review. Retained evidence will be used to test, revise or refine the programme theory and identify knowledge gaps. The evidence will be interrogated by examining the relationship between context, mechanisms and intended and unintended outcomes to establish what works for who, in which contexts and why.DiscussionBy synthesising current knowledge on how P4P affects health systems to produce outcomes in different contexts and to what extent the programme design affects this, we will inform more effective P4P programmes to strengthen health systems and achieve sustainable service delivery and health impacts.

scholarly journals Engaging communities in non-communicable disease research and interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e050632
Author(s):  
Sonja Klingberg ◽  
Bipin Adhikari ◽  
Catherine E Draper ◽  
Edna N Bosire ◽  
Priscilla Tiigah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Non Communicable Disease ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionEngaging communities and intended beneficiaries at various stages of health research is a recommended practice. The contribution of community engagement to non-communicable disease research in low- and middle-income countries has not yet been extensively studied or synthesised. This protocol describes the steps towards generating an understanding of community engagement in the context of non-communicable disease research, prevention and health promotion using a realist review approach. A realist lens enables a rich explanatory approach to causation while capturing complexity, and an openness to multiple outcomes, including unintended consequences. The review will thus develop an understanding of community engagement without assuming that such practices result in more ethical research or effective interventions.Methods and analysisWe propose a realist approach aiming to examine how, why, under what circumstances and for whom community engagement works or does not work. The iterative review steps include clarifying the review scope; searching for evidence; appraising studies and extracting data; synthesising evidence and drawing conclusions; and disseminating, implementing and evaluating the findings. Principles of meta-narrative review (pragmatism, pluralism, historicity, contestation, reflexivity and peer review) are employed to ensure practicable and contextualised review outputs. The proposed review will draw on theoretical and empirical literature beyond specific diseases or settings, but with a focus on informing non-communicable disease research and interventions in low- and middle-income countries. The synthesis of existing literature will be complemented by qualitative realist interviews and stakeholder consultation. Through drawing on multiple types of evidence and input from both experts and intended beneficiaries, the review will provide critical and pragmatic insights for research and community engagement in low- and middle-income countries.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the University of the Witwatersrand. Dissemination will include traditional academic channels, institutional communications, social media and discussions with a wide range of stakeholders.

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