scholarly journals Modulatory Effect of Peripheral Magnetic and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Cortical Excitability: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyun Yu ◽  
Weining Wang ◽  
Sijie Liang ◽  
Ce Li ◽  
Shan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Wrist Extensor ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

Abstract Background: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) applied to the wrist extensor muscle on the cortical activity of healthy adults by using fNIRS. Methods: Fifteen healthy adult subjects (7 males, mean age: 27.13 ± 4.52 years) all received two different conditions of peripheral muscle stimulation in random order: (1) NMES and (2) PMS. The sessions were separated by at least 48 h as a washout period. During muscle stimulation, the motor evoked potential (MEP) of the left primary motor cortex (M1) was measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and the concentration of oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin detected by fNIRS were used to evaluate the excitability and the activity of the cortex. Results: After the stimulation of the wrist extensor, the MEP amplitude in the left M1 area did not change in both conditions, and there was no difference between NMES and PMS condition. NMES reduced HbO values of several channels in the Prefrontal cortex (PFC), Somatosensory motor cortex (SMC) and Occipital cortex (OC), and HbR valus of several channels in the PFC and SMC. During the PMS stimulation period, the HbO value of all brain areas did not change significantly, while the HbR value of the SMC area decreased. The HbO and HbR value of the channels in the SMC did not differ between NMES and PMS. Inter-region of interest and inter-channel analysis between NMES and PMS showed no difference in functional connectivity. Conclusions: In the case of wrist extensor muscle stimulation, both NMES and PMS can induce cortical activation. PMS targeted to increases the activity of the contralateral SMC, while NMES increased contralateral SMC activity and negatively activated the PFC and OC.

The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the excitability of the motor neuron pools of the muscles of the lower extremities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Ananiev ◽  
D.A. Pavlov ◽  
R.N. Yakupov ◽  
V.A. Golodnova ◽  
M.V. Balykin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The study was conducted on 22 healthy men aged 18-23 years. The primary motor cortex innervating the lower limb was stimulated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Using transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, evoked motor responses of the muscles of the lower extremities were initiated when electrodes were applied cutaneous between the spinous processes in the Th11-Th12 projection. Research protocol: Determination of the thresholds of BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS; determination of the BMO threshold of the TA muscle in TMS; determination of the thresholds of the BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS against the background of 80% and 90% TMS. It was found that magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex of the brain leads to an increase in the excitability of the neural structures of the lumbar thickening of the spinal cord and an improvement in neuromuscular interactions. Key words: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, neural networks, excitability, neuromuscular interactions.

Multifocal Noninvasive Magnetic Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex in Type 1 Myotonic Dystrophy –A Proof of Concept Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ericka Greene ◽  
Jason Thonhoff ◽  
Blessy S. John ◽  
David B. Rosenfield ◽  
Santosh A. Helekar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Repeated neuromuscular electrical stimulation in type 1 Myotonic Dystrophy (DM1) has previously been shown to cause an increase in strength and a decrease in hyperexcitability of the tibialis anterior muscle. Objective: In this proof-of-principle study our objective was to test the hypothesis that noninvasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) with a new portable wearable multifocal stimulator causes improvement in muscle function in DM1 patients. Methods: We performed repetitive stimulation of M1, localized by magnetic resonance imaging, with a newly developed Transcranial Rotating Permanent Magnet Stimulator (TRPMS). Using a randomized within-patient placebo-controlled double-blind TRPMS protocol, we performed unilateral active stimulation along with contralateral sham stimulation every weekday for two weeks in 6 adults. Methods for evaluation of muscle function involved electromyography (EMG), hand dynamometry and clinical assessment using the Medical Research Council scale. Results: All participants tolerated the treatment well. While there were no significant changes clinically, EMG showed significant improvement in nerve stimulus-evoked compound muscle action potential amplitude of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and a similar but non-significant trend in the trapezius muscle, after a short exercise test, with active but not sham stimulation. Conclusions: We conclude that two-week repeated multifocal cortical stimulation with a new wearable transcranial magnetic stimulator can be safely conducted in DM1 patients to investigate potential improvement of muscle strength and activity. The results obtained, if confirmed and extended by future safety and efficacy trials with larger patient samples, could offer a potential supportive TRPMS treatment in DM1.

scholarly journals Effects of transcranial static magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex on local and network spontaneous electroencephalogram oscillations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiya Shibata ◽  
Tatsunori Watanabe ◽  
Yoshihiro Yukawa ◽  
Masatoshi Minakuchi ◽  
Ryota Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Double Blind

AbstractTranscranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique that reduces cortical excitability at the stimulation site. We investigated the effects of tSMS over the left primary motor cortex (M1) for 20 min on the local electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum and interregional EEG coupling. Twelve right-handed healthy subjects participated in this crossover, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Resting-state EEG data were recorded for 3 min before the intervention and 17 min after the beginning of the intervention. The power spectrum at the left central electrode (C3) and the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) between C3 and the other electrodes was calculated for theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (12–30 Hz) frequencies. The tSMS significantly increased theta power at C3 and the functional coupling in the theta band between C3 and the parietal midline electrodes. The tSMS over the left M1 for 20 min exhibited modulatory effects on local cortical activity and interregional functional coupling in the theta band. The neural oscillations in the theta band may have an important role in the neurophysiological effects induced by tSMS over the frontal cortex.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Muscular and Functional Capacity of Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955221881183
Author(s):  
Carolina Luana de Mello ◽  
Thaís Martins Albanaz da Conceição ◽  
Tarcila Dal Pont ◽  
Catherine Corrêa Peruzzolo ◽  
Mariana Nunes Lúcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Daily Physical Activities

Cirrhosis causes systemic and metabolic changes that culminate in various complications, such as compromised pulmonary function, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, weight loss, and muscle weakness with significant physical function limitations. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the muscular and functional capacity of patients with cirrhosis classified as Child-Pugh B and C. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis will be recruited and randomized to perform an NMES protocol for 50 minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. The evaluations will be performed at the beginning and after 12 sessions, and patients will be submitted to a pulmonary function test, an ultrasound evaluation of the rectus femoris, an evaluation of peripheral muscle strength, a submaximal exercise capacity test associated with an evaluation of peripheral tissue oxygenation, a quality of life evaluation, and orientation about monitoring daily physical activities. The evaluators and patients will be blinded to the allocation of the groups. Training Group will be treated with the following parameters: frequency of 50 Hz, pulse width of 400 μs, rise and fall times of 2 s, and on:off 1:1; Sham Group: 5 Hz, 100 μs, on:off 1:3. The data will be analyzed using the principles of the intention to treat. This study provides health professionals with information on the benefits of this intervention. In this way, we believe that the results of this study could stimulate the use of NMES as a way of rehabilitating patients with more severe cirrhosis, with the objective of improving these patients’ functional independence.

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