scholarly journals Microscopic research on the olfactory organ of the Far Eastern brook lamprey Lethenteron reissneri (Pisces, Petromyzontidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim ◽  
Jong-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Adaptive Structure ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Olfactory Anatomy ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Sand Bottom

Abstract The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium (SE) of continuous distribution, vii) a supporting cells with numerous long cilia, viii) an accessory olfactory organ. However, the description of a pseudostratified columnar layer in the SE and Non SE is a first record, not reported in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. In particular, both 19 to 20 lamellae in number and olfactory receptor neuron’s quarter ciliary length of the knob diameter differ from those of P. marinus. From these results, it might be considered that the olfactory organ of L. reissneri shows well adaptive structure of a primitive fish to slow flowing water with gravel, pebbles, and sand and a hiding habit into sand bottom at daytime. The lamellar number and neuron’s ciliary length may be a meaningful taxonomic character for the class Petromyzonida.

scholarly journals Microscopic research on the olfactory organ of the Far Eastern brook lamprey Lethenteron reissneri (Pisces, Petromyzontidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim ◽  
Jong-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Adaptive Structure ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Olfactory Anatomy ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Sand Bottom

Abstract The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium (SE) of continuous distribution, vii) a supporting cells with numerous long cilia, viii) an accessory olfactory organ. However, the description of a pseudostratified columnar layer in the SE and Non SE is a first record, not reported in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. In particular, both 19 to 20 lamellae in number and olfactory receptor neuron’s quarter ciliary length of the knob diameter differ from those of P. marinus. From these results, it might be considered that the olfactory organ of L. reissneri shows well adaptive structure of a primitive fish to slow flowing water with gravel, pebbles, and sand and a hiding habit into sand bottom at daytime. The lamellar number and neuron’s ciliary length may be a meaningful taxonomic character for the class Petromyzonida.

scholarly journals Microscopic research on the olfactory organ of the Far Eastern brook lamprey Lethenteron reissneri (Pisces, Petromyzontidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim ◽  
Jong-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Adaptive Structure ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Olfactory Anatomy ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Sand Bottom

Abstract The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium (SE) of continuous distribution, vii) a supporting cells with numerous long cilia, viii) an accessory olfactory organ. However, the description of a pseudostratified columnar layer in the SE and Non SE is a first record, not reported in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. In particular, both 19 to 20 lamellae in number and olfactory receptor neuron’s quarter ciliary length of the knob diameter differ from those of P. marinus. From these results, it might be considered that the olfactory organ of L. reissneri shows well adaptive structure of a primitive fish to slow flowing water with gravel, pebbles, and sand and a hiding habit into sand bottom at daytime. The lamellar number and neuron’s ciliary length may be a meaningful taxonomic character for the class Petromyzonida.

scholarly journals Microscopic research on the olfactory organ of the Far Eastern brook lamprey Lethenteron reissneri (Pisces, Petromyzontidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim ◽  
Jong-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Adaptive Structure ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Olfactory Anatomy ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Sand Bottom

Abstract The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium (SE) of continuous distribution, vii) a supporting cells with numerous long cilia, viii) an accessory olfactory organ. However, the description of a pseudostratified columnar layer in the SE and NSE is a first record, not reported in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. In particular, both 19 to 20 lamellae in number and olfactory receptor neuron’s quarter ciliary length of the knob diameter differ from those of P. marinus. From these results, it might be considered that the olfactory organ of L. reissneri shows well adaptive structure of a primitive fish to slow flowing water with gravel, pebbles, and sand and a hiding habit into sand bottom at daytime. The lamellar number and neuron’s ciliary length may be a meaningful taxonomic character for the class Petromyzonida.

scholarly journals Anatomy, ultrastructure and histology of the olfactory organ of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, Centrarchidae

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Seung Woon Yun ◽  
Jong Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Posterior Nostril ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
The One

AbstractThe detailed anatomy, ultrastructure and histology of the olfactory organ of Micropterus salmoides were investigated by a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. Its external structure shows a tube-like anterior nostril to stick out and a posterior nostril flat to the skin surface. Meanwhile, its internal structure, the olfactory chamber, contains a fan-shaped rosette structure with 9 to 11 lamellae in adult fish over 35 cm in standard length (SL) and two accessory nasal sacs (ethmoidal and lacrimal sacs) were found. Interestingly, the rosette in young fish under 15 cm in SL was a longitudinal structure in parallel with each of 4–5 lamellae. Histologically, the sensory epithelium (SE) on the olfactory chamber consists of 5 types of cells: olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, lymphatic cells and mucous cells. In contrast, the non-sensory epithelium (NSE) has stratified epithelial cells, lymphatic cells and mucous cells. The mucous cells of the SE are abundant and distributed densely in one row on the outermost superficial surface, but the one of the NSE are less than the SE. From these results, the olfactory characters of M. salmoides may be related with its ecological habit spending in the middle layer of stagnant water contaminated, more or less.

scholarly journals Histoanatomy and surface ultrastructure of the olfactory organ of the freshwater tank goby, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris

AbstractCharacteristic features of histology and fine morphology of the olfactory organ in the tank goby, Glossogobius giuris (Perciformes, Gobiidae, Gobiinae), were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. The olfactory cavity contained single lamellae that were exposed to the aquatic environment by small anterior and posterior nostrils. Typical olfactory rosettes were not observed. Histologically, each lamella consisted of two layers of epithelium; wrapping the central core that was composed of connective tissue stroma with nerve fibers and blood capillaries. The mucosal lining of lamella was merged with sensory and non-sensory olfactory cells, identified on the basis of structural characters, surface specializations, and staining features. The principal sensory elements were ciliated receptor cells that were characterized by apical dendritic processes expanded from cell soma and microvillous receptor cells equipped with multiple tiny dendrons on the mucosal surface. The bead-like appearance of several labyrinth cells, mucous cells with secreted mucin, scattered lymphatic cells, stratified epithelial cells bearing microfolds, and condensed ciliated supporting cells were observed in the non-sensory epithelia. Undifferentiated basal cells were embedded in the deeper zone of the epithelium above the basement membrane. The cellular organization of the olfactory lining was interpreted with chemoreception of the fish concerned.

scholarly journals Cochlear progenitor number is controlled through mesenchymal FGF receptor signaling

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Huh ◽  
Mark E Warchol ◽  
David M Ornitz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Fgf Receptor

The sensory and supporting cells (SCs) of the organ of Corti are derived from a limited number of progenitors. The mechanisms that regulate the number of sensory progenitors are not known. Here, we show that Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF) 9 and 20, which are expressed in the non-sensory (Fgf9) and sensory (Fgf20) epithelium during otic development, regulate the number of cochlear progenitors. We further demonstrate that Fgf receptor (Fgfr) 1 signaling within the developing sensory epithelium is required for the differentiation of outer hair cells and SCs, while mesenchymal FGFRs regulate the size of the sensory progenitor population and the overall cochlear length. In addition, ectopic FGFR activation in mesenchyme was sufficient to increase sensory progenitor proliferation and cochlear length. These data define a feedback mechanism, originating from epithelial FGF ligands and mediated through periotic mesenchyme that controls the number of sensory progenitors and the length of the cochlea.

scholarly journals Aquaporin-6 Expression in the Cochlear Sensory Epithelium Is Downregulated by Salicylates

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Perin ◽  
Simona Tritto ◽  
Laura Botta ◽  
Jacopo Maria Fontana ◽  
Giulia Gastaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Mechanical Compliance

We characterize the expression pattern of aquaporin-6 in the mouse inner ear by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Our data show that in the inner ear aquaporin-6 is expressed, in both vestibular and acoustic sensory epithelia, by the supporting cells directly contacting hair cells. In particular, in the Organ of Corti, expression was strongest in Deiters' cells, which provide both a mechanical link between outer hair cells (OHCs) and the Organ of Corti, and an entry point for ion recycle pathways. Since aquaporin-6 is permeable to both water and anions, these results suggest its possible involvement in regulating OHC motility, directly through modulation of water and chloride flow or by changing mechanical compliance in Deiters' cells. In further support of this role, treating mice with salicylates, which impair OHC electromotility, dramatically reduced aquaporin-6 expression in the inner ear epithelia but not in control tissues, suggesting a role for this protein in modulating OHCs' responses.

scholarly journals Ion Conductances in Supporting Cells Isolated From the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Ghiaroni ◽  
Francesca Fieni ◽  
Roberto Tirindelli ◽  
Pierangelo Pietra ◽  
Albertino Bigiani
Keyword(s):  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Chemosensory Transduction ◽  
Ion Conductances

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a chemosensory structure involved in the detection of pheromones in most mammals. The VNO sensory epithelium contains both neurons and supporting cells. Data suggest that vomeronasal neurons represent the pheromonal transduction sites, whereas scarce information is available on the functional properties of supporting cells. To begin to understand their role in VNO physiology, we have characterized with patch-clamp recording techniques the electrophysiological properties of supporting cells isolated from the neuroepithelium of the mouse VNO. Supporting cells were distinguished from neurons by their typical morphology and by the lack of immunoreactivity for Gγ8 and OMP, two specific markers for vomeronasal neurons. Unlike glial cells in other tissues, VNO supporting cells exhibited a depolarized resting potential (about −29 mV). A Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz analysis for resting ion permeabilities revealed indeed an unique ratio of P K: P Na: P Cl= 1:0.23:1.4. Supporting cells also possessed voltage-dependent K+ and Na+ conductances that differed significantly in their biophysical and pharmacological properties from those expressed by VNO neurons. Thus glial membranes in the VNO can sustain significant fluxes of K+ and Na+, as well as Cl−. This functional property might allow supporting cells to mop-up and redistribute the excess of KCl and NaCl that often occurs in certain pheromone-delivering fluids, like urine, and that could blunt the sensitivity of VNO neurons to pheromones. Therefore vomeronasal supporting cells could affect chemosensory transduction in the VNO by regulating the ionic strength of the pheromone-containing medium.

Distribution of microtubules and microfilaments in developing vestibular sensory epithelium of mouse otocysts grown in vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
P. Heywood ◽  
T.R. Van de Water ◽  
D.A. Hilding ◽  
R.J. Ruben
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Vitro Development

Otocysts explanted from 12th-gestation-day mice and maintained in organ culture under went a series of developmental changes which paralleled those that occurred in vivo and which resulted in the formation of a sensory epithelium of the vestibular type. At the time of explantation presumptive vestibular sensory epithelium consisted of cells that were undifferentiated, pseudostratified and rapidly proliferating. The only microtubules present were those of the mitotic apparatus. After 4 days of in vitro development cells comprising the presumptive vestibular sensory epithelium were less pseudostratified and more elongate; their nuclei had assumed a basal orientation and there was a clear maginal velum. Longitudinally oriented cytoplasmic microtubules were present at the apices of some cells; they were often grouped around a centriole which may have served as a nucleation centre for their assembly. After 7 days of in vitro development mitosis had ceased and supporting cells had innervated hair cells were present: both types of cells were always longer than they were broad and were often highly asymmetrical. Hair cells were flask- or columnar-shaped, with a nucleus situated in the basal third of the cell. Most mitochondria in hair cells were located in the apical third of the cell. The same distribution of mitochondria and nuclei was evident in supporting cells. Microtubules occurred throughout the length of the supporting cell and were always parallel to its longitudinal axis. In hair cells microtubules were more frequent than in supporting cells: the majority were parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell but there were two exceptions. First, at the apex of hair cells some microtubules were oriented transversely and diagnonally: these were probably involved in the development and maintenance of the constricted apex of these cells. Secondly, microtubules appeared to be randomly arranged in the narrow region of the cytoplasm between the ventral surface of the nucleus and the base of the hair cells. Microfilaments were confined to the basal third of hair cells where their orientation paralleled that of microtubules. The possible functions of microtubules and microfilaments in the development of hair cells and supporting cells of the mouse vestibular epithelium are discussed.

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