scholarly journals Time course for urethral neuromuscular reestablishment and its facilitated recovery by transcutaneous neuromodulation after simulated birth trauma in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Palacios ◽  
Ricardo Juárez ◽  
Nancy Mirto-Aguilar ◽  
Alvaro Munoz ◽  
Margot S. Damaser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Dorsal Nerve ◽  
Urine Leakage ◽  
Vaginal Distension

Abstract The aims of the study were to determine the time-course of urinary incontinence recovery after vaginal distension (VD), elucidate the mechanisms of injury from VD leading to external urethral sphincter (EUS) dysfunction, and assess if transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris facilitates recovery of urinary continence after VD. Rats underwent 4-h VD, 4-h sham VD (SH-VD), VD plus 1-h DNC TENS, and VD plus 1-h sham TENS (SH-TENS). TENS or SH-TENS were applied immediately and at days 2 and 4 post-VD. Micturition behavior, urethral histochemistry and histology, EUS and nerve electrophysiology, and cystometrograms were evaluated. VD induced urine leakage and disrupted EUS fibers and nerve-conduction. Urine leakage disappeared 13 days post-VD. Structural and functional recovery of the EUS neuromuscular circuitry started by day 6 post-VD but did not fully recovered by day 11 post-VD. TENS significantly decreased the frequency of urine leakage post-VD (p<0.01). We conclude that rat urinary continence function after VD requires 2 weeks to recover, although urethra structure is not fully recovered. Treatment to facilitate neuroregeneration should be applied within one-week after damage. TENS facilitated urinary continence recovery after VD. This treatment may have potential to decrease postpartum urinary incontinence in women.

Neuroanatomy of the External Urethral Sphincter: Implications for Urinary Continence Preservation During Radical Prostate Surgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perinchery Narayan ◽  
Badrinath Konety ◽  
Khalid Aslam ◽  
Sherif Aboseif ◽  
Walter Blumenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter

scholarly journals Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Promotes Elastogenesis and Facilitates Recovery from Simulated Childbirth Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charuspong Dissaranan ◽  
Michelle A. Cruz ◽  
Matthew J. Kiedrowski ◽  
Brian M. Balog ◽  
Bradley C. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Leak Point Pressure ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Urethral Smooth Muscle ◽  
And Function ◽  
Vaginal Distension

Vaginal delivery is a risk factor for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) home to injured organs and can facilitate repair. The goal of this study was to determine if MSCs home to pelvic organs after simulated childbirth injury and facilitate recovery from SUI via paracrine factors. Three experiments were performed. Eighteen female rats received vaginal distension (VD) or sham VD and labeled intravenous (IV) MSCs to investigate if MSCs home to the pelvic organs. Whole-organ imaging and immunofluorescence were performed 1 week later. Thirty-four female rats received VD and IV MSCs, VD and IV saline, or sham VD and IV saline to investigate if MSCs accelerate recovery of continence. Twenty-nine female rats received VD and periurethral concentrated conditioned media (CCM), VD and periurethral control media, or sham VD and periurethral control media to investigate if factors secreted by MSCs accelerate recovery from VD. Urethral histology and function were assessed 1 week later. Significantly more MSCs were observed in the urethra, vagina, and spleen after VD compared to sham VD. Continence as measured by leak point pressure (LPP) was significantly reduced after VD in rats treated with saline or control media compared to sham VD but not in those given MSCs or CCM. External urethral sphincter (EUS) function as measured by electromyography (EMG) was not improved with MSCs or CCM. Rats treated with MSCs or CCM demonstrated an increase in elastin fibers near the EUS and urethral smooth muscle more similar to that of sham-injured animals than rats treated with saline or control media. MSCs homed to the urethra and vagina and facilitated recovery of continence most likely via secretion of paracrine factors. Both MSCs and CCM have promise as novel noninvasive therapies for SUI.

scholarly journals Medical treatment of urinary incontinence in the bitch

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
J. Timmermans ◽  
B. Van Goethem ◽  
H. De Rooster ◽  
D. Paepe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Urine Leakage ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

Urinary incontinence, an uncontrolled urine leakage during the storage phase of micturition, is a common condition in female dogs. In intact bitches, the reported prevalence is only 0.2-0.3%, but in spayed bitches it varies between 3.1-20.1%. Most commonly, dogs with acquired urinary incontinence suffer from urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. This condition seems tobe multifactorial, and although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, potential risk factors include gender, gonadectomy, breed, body weight, urethral length and bladder neck position. In daily practice, the diagnosis of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence is usually made after eliminating other potential causes of urinary incontinence. Incontinent bitches are primarily treated with medications, such as alpha-adrenergic drugs, e.g. phenylpropanolamine and oestrogens. Surgery is recommended when patients become refractory to medical treatment.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for external urethral sphincter restoration in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Corcos ◽  
Oleg Loutochin ◽  
Lysanne Campeau ◽  
Nicoletta Eliopoulos ◽  
Manaf Bouchentouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter

Urethral closure mechanisms under sneeze-induced stress condition in rats: a new animal model for evaluation of stress urinary incontinence

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. R356-R365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Kamo ◽  
Kazumasa Torimoto ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor ◽  
William C. de Groat ◽  
Naoki Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Intravesical Pressure ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Urinary Leakage ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Urethral Closure

The urethral closure mechanism under a stress condition induced by sneezing was investigated in urethane-anesthetized female rats. During sneezing, while the responses measured by microtip transducer catheters in the proximal and middle parts of the urethra increased, the response in the proximal urethra was almost negligible when the bladder response was subtracted from the urethral response or when the abdomen was opened. In contrast, the response in the middle urethra during sneezing was still observed after subtracting the bladder response or after opening the abdomen. These responses in the middle urethra during sneezing were significantly reduced ∼80% by bilateral transection of the pudendal nerves and the nerves to the iliococcygeous and pubococcygeous muscles but not by transection of the visceral branches of the pelvic nerves and hypogastric nerves. The sneeze leak point pressure was also measured to investigate the role of active urethral closure mechanisms in maintaining total urethral resistance against sneeze-induced urinary incontinence. In sham-operated rats, no urinary leakage was observed during sneeze, which produced an increase of intravesical pressure up to 37 ± 2.2 cmH2O. However, in nerve-transected rats urinary leakage was observed when the intravesical pressure during sneezing exceeded 16.3 ± 2.1 cmH2O. These results indicate that during sneezing, pressure increases elicited by reflex contractions of external urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles occur in the middle portion of the urethra. These reflexes in addition to passive transmission of increased abdominal pressure significantly contribute to urinary continence mechanisms under a sneeze-induced stress condition.

Stereological Study of the External Urethral Sphincter in the Female Urethra of the Lamb: A New Model for Studies on Urinary Continence

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rodriguez-Veiga ◽  
L. Mestre-Nieto ◽  
P. Martinez-Sainz ◽  
A. Garcia-Pascual ◽  
S. Martin-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Female Urethra ◽  
New Model

scholarly journals Sudden, Painless Incontinence following Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Fatih Akbulut ◽  
Alpaslan Akbas ◽  
Dilek Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
First Case ◽  
Double J Stent

Urinary incontinence is a stent-related complication; however, total incontinence is not often seen in emergency departments. We report a patient who presented with a sudden, painless, and total urinary incontinence after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. This is the first case of total incontinence due to migrated ureteral double J stent through the external urethral sphincter into the urethra following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

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