scholarly journals Changes in Ocular Surface Disease Evaluated after Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Fuente-García ◽  
Francisco José Muñoz-Negrete ◽  
Elisabet de Dompablo-Ventura ◽  
Javier Moreno-Montañés ◽  
Gema Rebolleda
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deep Sclerectomy ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height

Abstract Objective: To analyse the ocular surface changes in eyes after the withdraw of anti-glaucomatous drugs when non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) is performed.Methods: 31 patients (33 eyes) diagnosed of glaucoma that underwent NPDS, were included in this prospective study. Control group included 33 eyes of 33 age and sex-matched volunteers. Five variables were studied with Keratograph 5M (K5M): ocular hyperaemia (OH), non-invasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) and meibography. LTMH was also measured using the anterior segment module of Spectralis Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT). Also, an evaluation of corneal and conjunctival staining was performed.In addition, patients were asked to answer two questionnaires: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) before and 6-months after surgery.Results: Before NPDS, treated eyes, showed worse objective data than healthy controls (p ≤0.049). In this group, a significant improvement was observed in the questionnaires (p< 0.001), LTMH FD-OCT (p=0.037) and LTMH K5M (p=0.025), K5M OH (p=0.003), NI-BUT (=0.022) and conjunctival and corneal staining (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between groups in FD-OCT and K5M LTMH, NI-BUT, corneal-conjunctival staining and in the most OH sector values at 6 months(p ≥0.62).Conclusion: A significant improvement in the ocular surface was observed 6 months after NPDS, suggesting that the withdrawn of the topical anti-glaucomatous treatment has a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tear Film Osmolarity Among Diabetic Patients Using a TearLab Osmometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ABUSHARHA ◽  
Ali Alsagr ◽  
Mohammad Alobaid ◽  
Ali Almayouf ◽  
Sulaiman Alajlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Discomfort

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on tear osmolarity using a TearLab Osmolarity system. Moreover, the relationship between tear film osmolarity and ocular surface discomfort in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients was assessed.Patients and Methods: This study included 40 male type 2 diabetic patients aged 20 to 70 years (mean + SD 49±12). A control group (18–43 years; 32.2 ± 6.5 years) consisting of 40 male subjects was also enrolled for comparison. The tear osmolarity was measured using the TearLab Osmolarity System. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) was used to assess ocular discomfort symptoms.Results: The mean tear osmolarity was 297 + 8.00 and 296 + 11 mOsm/L for controlled and uncontrolled diabetic subjects, respectively. While the average osmolarity in the control group was 299 + 8.00 mOsm/L. No significant differences were detected in tear osmolarity between the control and diabetes groups. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) score was significantly higher in the diabetic patient group. No significant correlation was found between tear osmolarity and OSDI scores.Conclusion: The ocular discomfort symptoms score in diabetic patients was significantly higher compared to normal eye subjects. Tear osmolarity was not significantly different in diabetic patients. This finding may be explained by a lack of relationship between tear film parameters and diabetic severity; tear film parameters may correlate more with diabetic duration rather than severity. Therefore, studies focused on diabetes duration and tear film parameters are recommended.

scholarly journals Changes in Tear-Film Status and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score Following Prolonged Use of Face Mask

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Nawreen Binte Anwar ◽  
Basil Anwar ◽  
Arup Krishna Choudhury ◽  
Mahfuza Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Score Following

Ocular Surface Disease in Patients under Topical Treatment for Glaucoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Pérez-Bartolomé ◽  
Jose M. Martínez-de-la-Casa ◽  
Pedro Arriola-Villalobos ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Vicente Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Medication Group ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Corneal Staining

Purpose To examine the relationship between ocular surface disease (OSD) and topical antiglaucoma therapy. Methods A total of 211 eyes of 211 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension on topical medication were recruited over 10 months. Controls were 51 eyes of 51 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. In each patient, we recorded the intraocular pressure-lowering eyedrops used, the number of medications used, and daily and cumulative preservative concentrations (PC). Main outcome measures were fluorescein corneal staining score (Oxford scale), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography), noninvasive tear film breakup time (NI-TBUT) (Oculus Keratograph 5M), and OSD symptom questionnaire index (OSDI). Results Compared to controls, significantly higher OSDI (median [interquartile range] 10.24 [4.54-18.94] vs 2.5 [0-12.5]; p<0.001) and corneal staining (≥1: 64.93% vs 32.61%; p<0.001) scores were recorded in the medication group. The NI-TBUT and LTMH failed to vary between the groups (p>0.05). A higher daily PC was associated with a lower LTMH (R −0.142; p = 0.043). In the medication group, multivariate analysis identified correlations between benzalkonium chloride (BAK) (odds ratio [OR] 1.56) and BAK plus polyquaternium-containing drops (OR 5.09) or higher OSDI (OR 1.06) and abnormal corneal staining test results and between older age (mean ratio [MR] 1.05), longer treatment duration (MR 1.02), or corneal staining presence (MR 1.22) and a higher OSDI score. Conclusions Ocular surface disease was more prevalent in the medication group. The main factors impacting OSD were drops with preservatives, longer treatment duration, and older age.

scholarly journals A Controlled Study on the Correlation between Tear Film Volume and Tear Film Stability in Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman M. Eissa ◽  
Noha M. Khalil ◽  
Heba A. El-Gendy
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height

Purpose. To assess the tear film quantity and correlate it with the quality and stability of the tear film in diabetics and compare them to age matched controls.Introduction. Diabetes affects tear film parameters in multiple ways. Poor metabolic control and neuropathy are postulated factors. To further understand how diabetes affects tear film parameters this study was conducted.Subjects and Methods. Tear meniscus height was measured by anterior segment OCT, along with tear thinning time, a subtype of noninvasive tear break-up time, and blinking rate per minute which were all recorded for 22 diabetic patients. Correlations between these tear film parameters were studied and then compared to 16 age matched controls.Results. A statistically significant difference was found in blinking rate between the diabetic and the control group (P=0.002), with higher blinking rate among diabetics. All tear film parameters were negatively correlated with duration of diabetes. A positive correlation was found between tear film volume and stability.Conclusion. Diabetes affects the tear film in various ways. Diabetics should be examined for dry eye signs even in absence of symptoms which may be masked by associated neuropathy. Duration of diabetes has an impact on tear film status.

scholarly journals Morphological and Functional Assessment of Meibomian Glands in Keratoconus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömür Ö Uçakhan ◽  
Gökçen Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meibomian Glands ◽  
Break Up ◽  
And Function ◽  
Corneal Staining

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the morphology and function of the meibomian glands (MG) in keratoconus patients.Methods: One hundred eyes of 100 keratoconus patients and 100 eyes of 100 age-matched healthy subjects were included into this study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, non-invasive break up time (NIBUT), meibography findings, fluorescein staining of the ocular surface, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer I test were recorded in all patient eyes and were compared with controls.Results: The mean TBUT and NIBUT were significantly lower, corneal staining and OSDI scores were statistically higher in the keratoconus group (p<0.05). The mean meiboscore, partial gland, gland dropout and gland thickening scores of the upper and lower eyelids were significantly higher in keratoconus patients compared to controls (p<0.05). The NIBUT measurements significantly correlated with MG loss in both upper and lower eyelids (p<0.05). The severity of keratoconus seemed to correlate with meiboscore, partial gland, gland thickening scores in both upper and lower eyelids. Conclusion: Our data suggest that corneal ectasia in keratoconus is associated with alterations in ocular surface, tear film function and MG morphology. Early screening and treatment of MG dysfunction may improve ocular surface quality and allow better disease management in keratoconus patients.

A study to assess the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the management of dry eye with meibomiam gland dysfunction

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Prajwalli Reddy ◽  
Wajeeha Umam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is an abnormality of the meibomian gland that blocks the secretion of lipids. Without sufficient lipid production, tears evaporate quickly causing Dry Eye.MGD is associated with multiple pathological mechanisms including inflammation, microbial factors and lipid deficiencies. Topical Cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor that reduces inflammation by specifically inhibiting T‑cell activity, which reduces ocular surface inflammation and improves tear film dynamics. This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients at the Department of Ophthalmology Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital, on patients of dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Patients who were diagnosed with dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction were invited to take part in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of 50 patients each. This study, was explained in detail to them. An informed consent was obtained. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were listed.All OSDI scores (symptom intensity, frequency and aggravation) revealed decreasing patterns throughout the observation period in both the groups. In single analysis, the cyclosporine A 0.05% group showed a significant improvement for each score at 3 months (p &#60; 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean TBUT after treatment in the group A (cyclosporine A group) increased to 12.36± 3.58(p&#60;0.001) seconds, and in the group B (Control group) the TBUT score increased to 11.01±3.06 seconds. After 3 Months, there was statistically significant improvement in the mean Schirmer’s scores in both the treatment groups, however improvement was significantly greater in Cyclosporine A group. Prior to the treatment in group A (Cyclosporine A) mean Lissamine staining score was 2.73±0.15 and post treatment it reduced to 1.32±0.15 which was statistically significant (P&#60;0.001). In group B (Control group) score before treatment was 2.46±0.15 and after treatment it reduced to 2.39±0.27 (p=0.11), not much difference was seen. : Findings from our study showed that there were significant improvements in the dry eye conditions due to defect in meibomian gland by treatment of topical Cyclosporine A 0.05% and sodium hyaluronate 0.1%.

scholarly journals Topical Cyclosporine in Treatment of Post-LASIK Symptomatic Dry Eye

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed Iqbal ◽  
Kanwal Latif
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index

Purpose:  To determine the role of 0.05% topical cyclosporine A (CsA) in treatment of symptomatic dry eye after LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis). Study Design:  Interventional Case Series. Place and Duration of Study:  Ophthalmology Department, Sir Syed Hospital, Karachi, from July 2018 to Dec. 2019. Methods:  Seventy-five patients who underwent LASIK for myopic refractive error and presented with symptomatic dry eye and showed no response to artificial tears therapy after 1 month of LASIK were selected. The patient had ablation zone diameter of 6mm and flap diameter was 8.5mm to 9mm. Cyclisporine A 0.05% ophthalmic preparation was added to treatment regimen and response was observed at 1, 3 and 6 months. OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) scores, Tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test (ST) values and Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) were recorded to analyze the treatment response at each visit. The statistical interpretation was done by using SPSS version 21. To interpret the correlation between pre-treatment and 6 month post treatment, Paired sample T test was applied with 95% Confidence Interval; CI and p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results:  The mean post-LASIK OSDI score of enrolled patients was 54.25 ± 10.81. After 6 months of treatment mean OSDI score was improved to 21.05 ± 5.13 (p < 0.001). Post-LASIK mean ST value was 5.2 ± 1.2 mm and mean TBUT value was 5.6 ± 1.3 seconds, which changed to 9.8 ± 1.0 mm and 8.9 ± 1.1 seconds respectively. BCVA improved from Log MAR 0.14 ± 0.09 to 0.01 ± 0.03 (p < 0.001). Conclusion:  Topical CsA 0.05% was effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-LASIK dry eye. Key Words:  LASIK, Dry eye, Ocular Surface Disease Index Score, Cyclosporine A.

scholarly journals Ocular Surface Cooling Rate Associated With Tear Film Characteristics and the Maximum Interblink Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ding ◽  
Young Hyun Kim ◽  
Sarah M Yi ◽  
Andrew D Graham ◽  
Wing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Film Evaporation ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Film Characteristics ◽  
Breakup Time

Abstract The surface of the human eye is covered with a protective tear film that refreshes with each blink. Natural blinking occurs involuntarily, but one can also voluntarily blink or refrain from blinking. The maximum time one can refrain from blinking until the onset of discomfort is the maximum inter-blink period (MIBP). In between blinks the tear film thins and evaporates from the ocular surface. Tear film evaporation can be measured with various instruments. Infrared thermography provides a non-invasive measure of the ocular surface temperature (OST). Due to evaporation, ocular surface cooling (OSC) generally occurs when the eyes are open and exposed to the environment. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of OSC on the MIBP, and to investigate the association of the MIBP with tear film characteristics in subjects who do and do not exhibit OSC. The MIBP was measured simultaneously with OST over time. Non-invasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear lipid layer thickness, and Schirmer I test strip wetted lengths were measured on a day prior to the thermography visit. Subjects were divided into cooling and non-cooling groups based on OSC rate, and demographic and tear film characteristics were tested for inter-group differences. A faster rate of OSC was associated with an exponentially shorter duration of the MIBP overall and within the cooling group alone. Faster non-invasive tear breakup time was significantly associated with a shorter MIBP in both groups. These results suggest that tear film evaporation initiates a pathway that results in the onset of ocular discomfort and the stimulus to blinking. The presence of a subset of subjects with no or minimal OSC who nevertheless have a short MIBP indicates that evaporative cooling is not the only mechanism responsible for the onset of ocular discomfort.

scholarly journals Analysis of basal and reflex human tear osmolarity in normal subjects: assessment of tear osmolarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 251584141879488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Abusharha ◽  
Tariq M. AlShehri ◽  
Abdullah Y. Hakami ◽  
Ali M. Alsaqr ◽  
Raied A. Fagehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between reflex and basal tear osmolarity among healthy normal subjects. Method: The right eyes of 20 healthy normal male subjects aged 20 to 40 years were recruited for this study. The inclusion criteria for the subjects were the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire score of less than 12 and wetting length of the phenol red thread of more than 10 mm. Tear film osmolarity was assessed using TearLab osmometer. Basic tear osmolarity was measured normally without inducing any irritation to the eye. In order to stimulate reflex tear, subjects were asked to open their eye as long as they can till they feel ocular surface irritation (minimum 20 s). Results: The mean score on the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was 5.5 ± 3. The mean value obtained from the phenol red thread was 21 ± 4.5 mm. There were no statistically significant differences between the osmolarity readings of basal and reflex tear osmolarity ( p > 0.05). The mean value was 308 ± 12 and 306 ± 9 mOsm/l for basic and reflex tear osmolarity, respectively. Conclusion: This study found that the osmolarity of the basal and reflex tears fell within the same range. The values found in this study are in agreement with published results for normal subjects.

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