scholarly journals Zoonotic Enteroparasites of Macaca Fascicularis In Palawan, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneva Carla S. Chavez ◽  
Vachel Gay Paller ◽  
Renee P. Lorica ◽  
Judeline Dimalibot
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Transmission Of Disease ◽  
Extant Population ◽  
Entamoeba Polecki

Abstract The expansion of ecotourism and forest encroachment in the Philippines creates a high-risk interface where human-macaque interactions occur at rates were cross-species transmission of disease may occur more frequently than previously known. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park is a prime tourist destination in the country where long-tailed macaques live as commensals to humans. This study was conducted to assess zoonotic enteroparasites of Macaca fascicularis to determine their prevalence in the extant population. Fecal samples were collected during two-kilometer transect walks whilst opportunistic sampling was also conducted in the park proper where there is high tourist traffic. Among protozoans, Entamoeba coli showed the highest prevalence (34.29%), followed by Entamoeba spp. and Iodamoeba butschlii (31.43%), Endolimax nana (28.57%), Blastocystis sp. (22.86%), Chilomastix mesnili Entamoeba polecki (20%), and Giardia intestinalis (8.57%). From the helminth group, hookworm larva was the most prevalent (40%), followed by hookworm/strongylids ova (34.29%), Strongyloides sp. larva (28.57%), T. trichiura (20%), Ascaris sp. (11.43%), and lastly, Hymenolepis nana and Enterobius vermicularis (2.86%). This study demonstrates the importance of long-tailed macaques in the transmission of enteroparasites in an environment where there is frequent contact between nonhuman primates and people.

scholarly journals Distribution of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Kelimutu National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
R Fauzi ◽  
T Wuryanto ◽  
Endarto ◽  
F Suarmadi ◽  
A Tomonob
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis

Plasmodial Slime Molds of a Tropical Karst Forest, Quezon National Park, the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac ◽  
Maria Angelica D. Rea-Maminta ◽  
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Molds ◽  
Tropical Karst

scholarly journals In VitroAntibacterial Potential of Extracts ofSterculia africana,Acacia sieberiana, andCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviataUsed by Yellow Baboons(Papio cynocephalus)for Possible Self-Medication in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Irene Kirabo ◽  
Faith P. Mabiki ◽  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Christopher J. D. Obbo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acacia Sieberiana

In the animals in general and nonhuman primates in particular self-medication has been widely reported; however, little is still known about the pharmacological activity of the extracts present in their daily diet. Thein vitroantibacterial activity of the stem, root bark, and leaf extracts of three selected plants on which yellow baboons feed in an unusual manner in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, was evaluated. Crude plant extracts were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of medical and veterinary importance employing a modified agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) technique. The lowest MIC value for Gram positive strains was 0.31 mg/ml demonstrated byCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviataagainstStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923). The highest susceptibility to the ethanol plant extracts was exhibited byPseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,andStaphylococcus aureus,examples of microbes that affect both human and nonhuman primates. These findings demonstrate that the plant extracts fromSterculia africana,Acacia sieberiana,andCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviatahave antibacterial activity and may be used as feed for their prophylactic benefits. Remarkably, the lowest MIC of 0.16 mg/ml was only 16-fold weaker than Gentamicin, a standard drug.

scholarly journals Um estudo sôbre a eosinofilia nas helmintoses

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy Gomes de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

1 - Foram examinadas as fezes de 2.666 indivíduos, operários e funcionários de duas Emprésas industriais, situadas, uma na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e outra no Estado do Rio (Brasil); 2 - Dos 2.666 indivíduos, 1941 (72.80%) estavam parasitados por um ou mais helmintos e 725 (27,20%) tinham seus exames de fezes negativos; 3 - De cada um dos 2.666 indivíduos foi feito um hemograma completo, tendo sido aproveitada a taxa de eosinófilos que, em associação com os exames de fezes, constituiu o objeto principal dêste trabalho. 4 - Na Tabela A observa-se o número de vêzes em que cada um dos vermes foi observado e seus respectivos percentuais. Embora não seja um trabalho de epidemiologia, verifica-se que 46,81% são infestados pelo Trichuris trichiura; 23,85% pelo Strongyloides stercoralis; 22,46% pelo Necator americanus e/ou Ancylostoma duodenale; 20,51% pelo Ascaris lumbricóides; 1,65% pelo Schistosoma mansoni; 0.67% pelo Enterobius vermicularis; 0,26% por Taenia solium ou T. saginata e 0,11% por Hymenolepis nana; 5 - Os exames de fezes foram feitos pelos métodos de Faust (ou de Ritchie), de Willis, de Baermann e de sedimentação; 6 - A eosinofilia anotada foi a relativa ou em seu percentual, sendo considerada hipereosinofilia uma taxa de eosinófilos igual ou superior a 5% (Eo > 5%); 7 - Foram abordados de modo conciso os fatores que provocam oscilações na eosinofilia normal tais como a idade, a raça, as horas do nictêmero, os fatores físicos, o sexo, os fatores químicos e outros; 8 - Tratou-se de modo mais extenso das diferenças entre as hipereosinofilias parasitárias e não parasitárias, tendo sido focalizada a dinâmica da eosinofilia traduzida na curva de Lavier. 9 - A distribuição dos 2.666 casos foi feita pelos diferentes graus de eosinofilia, tendo sido levantados gráficos e traçadas curvas sôbre a distribuição de cada helminto e de suas associações. 10 - Por ser necessário à explanação do assunto, foi criado o "índice eosinofilico", o qual corresponde à relação entre o número de casos de um determinado grupo com Eo > 5% e Eo < 5%. Para o total de casos positivos, ao "índice eosinofílico" denominamos "índice eosinofílico médio" em para o total dos negativos "índice eosinofílico residual"; 11 - Estabelecendo-se o "índice eosinofílico", pode-se ajuizar a capacidade eosinofilogênica de cada helminto isoladamente, bem como a de suas associações; 12 - Atenção especial foi dada aos problemas da existência da hipereosinofilia nos casos com exames coprológicos negativos para helmintos, tendo-se passado em revista vários dos aspectos biológicos que o assunto comporta; 13 - Outra questão de grande importância clínica explanada neste trabalho é a do encontro de casos de parasitismo por vermes, sem hipereosinofilia. O autor, baseado em seus dados e em outros colhidos na literatura sôbre o assunto, discute a fisiopatologia da eosinopoiese nas helmintoses e ojerece uma interpretação para êste fato ainda não defintivamente esclarecido.

scholarly journals Chimpanzee pant-hoots encode information about individual but not group differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisarg P. Desai ◽  
Pawel Fedurek ◽  
Katie E. Slocombe ◽  
Michael L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Pant Hoot ◽  
Community Variation ◽  
Acoustic Variation

AbstractVocal learning, the ability to voluntarily modify the acoustic structure of vocalizations based on social cues, is a fundamental feature of speech in humans (Homo sapiens). While vocal learning is common in taxa such as songbirds and whales, the vocal learning capacities of nonhuman primates appear more limited. Intriguingly, evidence for vocal learning has been reported in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), for example in the form of regional variation (‘dialects’) in the ‘pant-hoot’ calls. This suggests that some capacity for vocal learning may be an ancient feature of the Pan-Homo clade. Nonetheless, reported differences have been subtle, with inter-community variation representing only a small portion of the total acoustic variation. To gain further insights into the extent of regional variation in chimpanzee vocalizations, we performed an analysis of pant-hoots from chimpanzees in the neighboring Kasekela and Mitumba communities at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and the geographically distant Kanyawara community at Kibale National Park, Uganda. We observed group differences only among the geographically isolated communities and did not find any differences between the neighboring communities at Gombe. Furthermore, we found differences among individuals in all communities. Hence, the variation in chimpanzee pant-hoots reflected individual differences, rather than group differences. The limited evidences for vocal learning in Pan suggest that extensive vocal learning emerged in the human lineage after the divergence from Pan.

Prey Predator Algorithm for Travelling Salesman Problem

2017 ◽  
pp. 400-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surafel Luleseged Tilahun ◽  
Natnael Nigussie Goshu ◽  
Jean Medard T. Ngnotchouye
Keyword(s):  
Travel Salesman Problem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Direct Route ◽  
Awash National Park ◽  
Np Hardness

Visiting most, if not all, tourist destination of a country while visiting a country is an ideal plan of a tourist. In most cases if the tour is not carefully planned, it will be costly and time taking to travel between tourist destinations of a country. If we consider Ethiopia, a country which has been named as best tourism destination for 2015 by the European Council on Tourism and Trade (ECTT); there are many tourist destinations all over the country. The problem of determining the optimum route to visit all the tourist sites with minimum traveling time can be formulated as a travel salesman problem. In this study 17 of the famous tourist destination of Ethiopia will be selected and a travel salesman model will be formulated. Due to the NP hardness of the travel salesman problem, metaheuristic based algorithms are found to be more effective. Hence, a recently introduced swarm based metaheuristic algorithm, called prey predator algorithm will be used to deal with the formulated problem. The simulation result suggests that the best route to visit the selected destination is Addis Ababa ? Sof Omar Caves ? Bale Mountain National Park ? Abijiata-Shalla Lakes ? Netchisar National Park ? Mago National Park ? Omo National Park ? Gambella National Park ? Bahir Dar ? Lalibela ? Gonder ? Semien Mountain National Park ? Axum ? Ertale ? Yangudi Rassa National Park ? Awash National Park ? Harar ? Addis Ababa. It should be noted in some of the sites there is no direct route and hence a route through other cities is used and hence it should be recomputed in the future when a direct route between these tourist destinations is constructed.

scholarly journals PrimaTB STAT-PAK Assay, a Novel, Rapid Lateral-Flow Test for Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽  
Rena Greenwald ◽  
Javan Esfandiari ◽  
David Greenwald ◽  
Carol A. Nacy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Cercopithecus Aethiops Sabaeus

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important zoonotic bacterial disease in nonhuman primates (NHP). The current diagnostic method, the intradermal palpebral tuberculin test, has serious shortcomings. We characterized antibody responses in NHP against Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify immunodominant antigens and develop a rapid serodiagnostic test for TB. A total of 422 NHP were evaluated, including 243 rhesus (Macaca mulatta), 46 cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis), and 133 African green (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) monkeys at five collaborative centers. Of those, 50 monkeys of the three species were experimentally inoculated with M. tuberculosis. Antibody responses were monitored every 2 to 4 weeks for up to 8 months postinfection by MultiAntigen Print ImmunoAssay with a panel of 12 recombinant antigens. All of the infected monkeys produced antibodies at various levels and with different antigen recognition patterns. ESAT-6 and MPB83 were the most frequently recognized proteins during infection. A combination of selected antigens which detected antibodies in all of the infected monkeys was designed to develop the PrimaTB STAT-PAK assay by lateral-flow technology. Serological evaluation demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity (90%) and specificity (99%). The highest rate of TB detection was achieved when the skin test was combined with the PrimaTB STAT-PAK kit. This novel immunoassay provides a simple, rapid, and accurate test for TB in NHP.

Chronic maternal methanol inhalation in nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis): reproductive performance and birth outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Burbacher ◽  
Kimberly S Grant ◽  
Danny D Shen ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Doris Damian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Birth Outcome

scholarly journals Mt Apo and other national parks in the Philippines

Oryx ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Philippine Government

In 1984 international attention was focused on Mt Apo National Park in the Philippines when the IUCN declared it one of the world's most threatened protected natural areas. Human settlements had destroyed large areas of the park and in 1983 the Philippine Government reclassified over half of the park for agricultural development, although this was revoked in 1986. The author lived in the park while working on the Philippine Eagle Conservation Programme, witnessing the problems first-hand. He describes the park and the problems it faces, which he believes could be overcome.

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