scholarly journals In VitroAntibacterial Potential of Extracts ofSterculia africana,Acacia sieberiana, andCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviataUsed by Yellow Baboons(Papio cynocephalus)for Possible Self-Medication in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Irene Kirabo ◽  
Faith P. Mabiki ◽  
Robinson H. Mdegela ◽  
Christopher J. D. Obbo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acacia Sieberiana

In the animals in general and nonhuman primates in particular self-medication has been widely reported; however, little is still known about the pharmacological activity of the extracts present in their daily diet. Thein vitroantibacterial activity of the stem, root bark, and leaf extracts of three selected plants on which yellow baboons feed in an unusual manner in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, was evaluated. Crude plant extracts were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of medical and veterinary importance employing a modified agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) technique. The lowest MIC value for Gram positive strains was 0.31 mg/ml demonstrated byCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviataagainstStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923). The highest susceptibility to the ethanol plant extracts was exhibited byPseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,andStaphylococcus aureus,examples of microbes that affect both human and nonhuman primates. These findings demonstrate that the plant extracts fromSterculia africana,Acacia sieberiana,andCassia abbreviatassp.abbreviatahave antibacterial activity and may be used as feed for their prophylactic benefits. Remarkably, the lowest MIC of 0.16 mg/ml was only 16-fold weaker than Gentamicin, a standard drug.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peña ◽  
Luis Rojas ◽  
Rosa Aparicio ◽  
Libia Alarcón ◽  
José Gregorio Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Catunaregam tomentosa Against Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Nor Aleesa Ali ◽  
Wan Amalina Wan Mamat ◽  
Syed Ahmad Tajudin Tuan Johari ◽  
Muhammad Yusran Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahmad Syibli Othman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Value Evaluation

Catunaregam tomentosa is a plant from Rubiaceae family that is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of stomatitis and ulcers due to bacterial infections. Besides, it also helps in the treatment of oliguria and dysuria. Indiscriminate use of commercial antibacterial medicines had led to the search for novel antibacterial drugs. Since for ages medicinal plants have been used to treat bacterial infection, so they can be excellent sources of the novel antibacterial drug. To evaluate the scientific basis of the use of plant, antibacterial activity leaves extract of C.tomentosa was investigated against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study also investigated the effect of pH on its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the disc diffusion method at 100mg/mL concentration. Extracts of C. tomentosa inhibit the activity of S. aureus but do not inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined against S. aureus at concentration 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6, 3, 1.5, 0.75 and 0.395mg/mL and 3mg/mL were the MIC value. Evaluation on the effect of different pH on antibacterial activity of plant extracts shows that the activity of the plant extracts does not affect when treated with acidic pH but increased at alkaline pH. Based on the present finding, C. tomentosa leaves extract have the potential to be a viable candidate in the discovery of a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus infections. This study provides scientific knowledge to further determine the antibacterial values of C. tomentosa extracts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Aaronsohnia factorovskyi Extract

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Fatimah Al-Otibi ◽  
Reem A. Al-Ahaidib ◽  
Raedah I. Alharbi ◽  
Rana M. Al-Otaibi ◽  
Gadah Albasher
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method

The green biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts is an attractive and promising technique for medicinal applications. In the current study, we chose one of the daisy plants, Aaronsohnia factorovskyi (which grows in the Najd region, Saudi Arabia), to investigate its anti-microbial efficacy, in combination with silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, (Gram-negative) using the disc diffusion method, while the antifungal activity was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Helminthosporiumrostratum, and Alternariaalternata. The potential phytoconstituents of the plant extracts were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques, the Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, and Zeta potential analysis. The current study revealed the ability of the tested plant extract to convert silver ions to silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 104–140 nm. Biogenic Aaronsohnia factorovskyi-silver nanoparticles (AF-AgNPs) showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter to 19.00 ± 2.94 mm, and antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, which reduced the growth of fungal yarn to 1.5 mm. The innovation of the present study is that the green synthesis of NPs, which is simple, cost-effective, provides stable nano-materials, and can be an alternative for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals In-vitro analysis of potential antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1497-1500
Author(s):  
Vandana Gupta ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Deepika Chaudhary ◽  
Nirmal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study was aimed to examine and compare the antibacterial activity of hot methanolic extract of medicinal plants viz. Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Syzygium cumini (L.) (jamun), Psidium guajava (L.) (guava). Antibacterial activity was carried by using agar well diffusion method, against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Results indicated that all the three plant extracts possess antibacterial property against Gram-positive bacteria and no activity was found against Gram-negative bacteria. Moderate zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was exhibited by S. cumini (L.) (11mm and 12mm) and P. guajava (L.) (10mm and 11mm) and weak zone of inhibition was exhibited by P. oleracea (5 mm and 6mm). In conclusion, S. cumini (L.) and P. guajava (L.) possess bettercapabilities of being a good candidate in search for natural antibacterial agent against infections and diseases causing Gram-positive bacteria as compared to P. oleracea.

scholarly journals UJI DAYA ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN PANGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Garlic Powder

Garlic is widely used as a herbal medicine. In order to support the empirical use and improve its application in food safety, this study was conducted to test the antibacterial activity of garlic against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Garlic was used in the form of fine powder. Garlic powder then dissolved in sterile distilled water and squeezed to obtain garlic solution with a concentration of 50%, 25% and 12.5%. Antibacterial activity of garlic juice was tested by diffusion method using paper disc to determine diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zones. Screening results demonstrated that the chemical constituents of garlic powder were saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Garlic powder has antibacterial activity to Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. Garlic has antimicrobial potential and can be used as decontaminant against Escherichia coli to maintain quality of food safety such as meat.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Borassus flabellifer Vinegar-Graphene Quantum Dots Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2662-2666
Author(s):  
Amnuay Noypha ◽  
Paweena Porrawatkul ◽  
Nongyao Teppaya ◽  
Parintip Rattanaburi ◽  
Saksit Chanthai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Borassus flabellifer vinegar–graphene quantum dots (BFV-GQDs) were successfully synthesized using a pyrolysis method with Borassus flabellifer vinegar (BFV) as the precursor. All the samples were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The antibacterial activities of BFV-GQDs against strains of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) were determined using the agar well diffusion method for preliminary screening, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth macro-dilution method. The zones of inhibition were compared with those of citric acid–graphene quantum dots (CA-GQDs). It was observed that the synthesized BFV-GQDs demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (82.3%) and good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (73.3%). The MIC of BFV-GQDs against E. coli was 6.25 mg/mL and S. aureus was 12.5 mg/mL, whereas the MBC of BFV-GQDs against E. coli was 12.5 mg/mL and S. aureus was 25.0 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Selected Ethnomedicinal Plants Popular in Magar Ethnic Community of Palpa District, Western Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Bimala Pangeni ◽  
Shandesh Bhattarai ◽  
Hari Paudyal ◽  
Ram Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

The main objective of this research was to explore the potential antibacterial activity of 25 selected medicinal plant extracts against four strains of bacteria. The ethnomedicinal knowledge was documented using semi-structured, open-ended questionnaires, informal interviews, and group discussions with traditional healers and knowledgeable persons about plants and plant-based remedies. The evaluation of antibacterial activities of twenty-five extracts of different plants was carried out by adopting the disc diffusion method for four bacterial strains, namely - Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results were reported by observing the inhibition zones. The results indicated that among 25 plant extracts examined, 16 (64%) plant extracts showed antibacterial property against Escherichia coli followed by 15 (60%) plant extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 19 (76%) extracts each against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Four plant extracts were not able to produce the zone of inhibition with any of the tested bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are found to show more positive effects as compared to Gram-negative. Present findings of this study indicate that ethnomedicinal plant extracts have antibacterial activity against the different strains of tested bacteria. This activity supports their use in the treatment of infections caused by such resistant bacteria.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Antibacterial Activity of Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung- Sun Seo ◽  
Seong Woo Jin ◽  
Seongkyu Choi ◽  
Kyeong Won Yun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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