Pinworm infection in school children of four districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Illnesses caused by human pinworm remains a pediatric health problem in developing nations including Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in school children of four districts in Malakand region, Pakistan. Four hundred faecal specimens were screened from May 2014 to July 2017 using normal saline and Lugol Iodine solution. Twenty three (5.75%) individuals were found infected with E. vermicularis. Five children (1.25%) were infected with only E. vermicularis and eighteen (4.5%) were mixed with other helminths. E. vermicularis 23 (5.75%), hookworm 11 (2.75%), Ascaris lumbricoides 5 (1.25%), Taenia saginata 2 (0.5%) and Trichuris trichuira 4 (1%) were detected. Age wise 5-8 years were more parasitized followed by 13-15 and 9-12 years of age (0.0296, P<0.05). Male children were highly (0.06700, P<0.05) infected than female. Children in Malakand district were found more infected followed by Dir Upper, similar infection rate was noted in children of districts Lower Dir and Swat (0.0192, P<0.05). Children in primary level were highly (0.0013, P<0.05) infected than those of middle and high levels. Enterobiosis is still the most common parasitic diseases in children. Studies on enterobiosis should be conducted time by time to recognize the hazardous of such parasitic infection in remote areas of the country.

Penyuluhan mengenai bahaya "Kecacingan" di TPA Al Ikhlas Polri, Jatisampurna, Bekasi

Worms infection disease is a health problem often found in the world and Indonesia. Worms’ infection disease commonly found in Indonesia and which infected children are caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris Trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis. One of the children affected by worms is often playing with the ground because of the habit. Al Ikhlas School’s Polri in Jatisampurna Bekasi consists of pre-primary and elementary schools that have never received counseling about the dangers of worms’ infection. This activity aims to educate children about the dangers of worms’ infection. The method used is through filling out questionnaires, counseling, media posters, and handwashing demonstrations. The activity was attended by 21 with 81% had experienced worms’ infection disease and 19% had never have experienced worms’ disease, and 85,71 % understood about knowledge of worms’ infection disease and 14,29 did not understand. The counseling provided included egg and adult worms, the cause of worms’ disease infection, how to get infections, the danger of infection, and prevent infection.

Prevalence of and risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infestation in preschool children, West Bank, Palestine, 2015

Background: Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infestation is a common condition that primarily affects children. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of and the risk factors for E. vermicularis infestation in preschool children in north West Bank. Methods: A cross-sectional study that included the six main governorates in north West Bank was carried out on a sample of 384 preschool children from 86 day-care centres. The perianal cellophane tape method was used to detect E. vermicularis infestation. Parents/guardians of participating children completed a questionnaire to collect information about: demographic characteristics; hygiene behaviour; socioeconomic status; history of previous infestation; and presence of symptoms. Risk factors for infestation were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 384 children, 85 (22.1%) had E. vermicularis infestation. Age (P = 0.04), governorate (P = 0.01), residency (P = 0.03), number of household members (P < 0.001) and washing hands after toilet use (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with E. vermicularis infestation. In the logistic regression analysis, factors that increased the probability of infection were: living in villages (odds ratio (OR) 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–5.00), living in a household with ≥ nine family members (OR 3.63; 95% CI: 1.42–9.26) and not washing hands after using the toilet (OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.30–4.40). Conclusions: E. vermicularis is an important helminthic infestation among preschool children in Palestine. Efforts are needed to ensure the availability of treatment for infected children at primary care centres and to reinforce hygiene behaviour.

Infections Are a very Dangerous Affair: Enterobiasis and Death

Background: Enterobiasis or oxyuriasis from Enterobius vermicularis is an infection usually localized in the large bowel and cecum. Generally, the symptoms are characterized by anal itching, and intestinal or nervous disorders. Rarely, it is responsible for death. Methods: A forensic autopsy of a 52-year-old white male inmate who died 5 days after hospitalization was performed. Histological and toxicological analyses were also performed. Results: The death occurred by localization of Enterobius vermicularis in the duodenum and in the proximal ileum, with intestinal haemorrhage, inflammation, and peritonitis documented by histological examination. Conclusion: This is a common infectious disease, and can rarely occur with a fatal outcome, even in advanced populations. The lack of knowledge related to the rarity of death from enterobiasis disease can determine a dangerous concern.

Enteroparasitosis en escolares de Huaricana y Viacha

Introducción: La parasitosis intestinal constituye una de las infecciones más comunes a nivel mundial, de mayor prevalencia en países poco desarrollados. El objetivo es comparar la prevalencia de enteroparásitos en niños de Huaricana y Viacha de La Paz, Bolivia. Metodología: Se colectaron muestras de heces de niños de 4 -11 años de los colegios de Huaricana (H) y Viacha (V). Para determinar la presencia de enteroparásitos, se utilizó la técnica modificada de concentración de Willis y Ritchie. Resultados: La prevalencia de enteroparásitos fue de más del 80 % para H y 44 % para V. Las especies de helmintos que fueron encontrados son: Hymenolepis nana (H: 20 %, V: 0 %), Ascaris lumbricoides (H: 4 %, V: 4 %), Enterobius vermicularis (H: 5 %, V: 0 %), Taenia spp. (H: 4 %, V: 0 %), Diphylidium spp. (H:4 %, V:0 %), y entre los protozoos se encontraron Giardia lamblia (H:18 %, V:4 %), Blastocystis hominis (H:22 %, V:6 %), Entamoeba coli (H:51 %, V:28 %), Chilomastix mensnili (H:12 %, V:2 %), Endolimax nana (H:0 %, V:6 %) y Iodamoeba butschili (H: 14 %, V: 2 %). Los enteroparásitos patógenos predominantes en Huaricana fueron Hymenolepis nana 20 % y Giardia lamblia 18 %; y en Viacha 4 % se encontraron Ascaris lumbricoides y Giardia lamblia. Los niños de Huaricana estaban poliparasitados en 20 %, y biparasitados en 25 %, y los niños de Viacha estaban biparasitados en 19 %. Conclusión: Los niños con mayor prevalencia de enteroparásitos pertenecen a Huaricana. Las especies patógenas de enteroparásitos prevalentes en niños de Huaricana fue Hymenolepis nana, Giardia lamblia y de Viacha fue Ascaris lumbricoides y Giardia lamblia. Los niños de Huaricana estaban poliparasitados y los de Viacha estaban biparasitados. Conflicto de intereses Ninguno

EOSINOPHIL CATIONIC PROTEIN AND IRON STATUS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH Enterobius vermicularis

The primary goal of this study was to determine the function of eosinophil cationic protein in iron status in patients infected with Enterobius vermicularis. For this, a total of 583 suspected patients and thirty healthy people of the same age who have visited the AL-Zahra maternity and pediatrics laboratory, AL-Hakeem hospital, AL-Sajad hospital AL-Fruit al-Awsat hospital, and AL-Munadira hospital in AL-Najaf province from July 2020 to June 2021 were screened. The presence of E. vermicularis eggs was estimated by using the saline wet mount technique from faeces samples of all respondents. Blood samples were collected from the 60 positive and 30 healthy control group and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate serum, which was then collected in sterile tubes. Each serum sample was divided into three parts and stored in the deep freezer at -20°C until the serological test was performed. The level of ECP, iron and ferritin in enterobiasis patients was estimated from the isolated blood serum. According to the Manufacturer Company instructions, the concentration of two biomarkers (ECP, Ferritin) in serum samples was determined using the ELISA technique (Human reader, Germany). While the concentration of iron was evaluated using a colourimetric method. In comparison to the control group, the concentration of ECP was reported significantly higher (P<0.05) in the E. vermiculris infected patients while the concentration of serum iron and ferritin was significantly decreased. The results of the current study can be concluded that E. vermicularis infection changes the serum ECP, iron, and ferritin concentration.

ROLE OF COPPER METAL AND BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH ENTEROBIASIS

The primary goal of this study was to determine the effect of copper in patients with Enterobius vermicularis infection, as well as its association with IgE and TRFC. The study was carried out with 583 suspected and thirty healthy respondents of the same age who visited the AL-Zahra maternity and pediatrics laboratory, AL-Hakeem hospital, in AL-Najaf province(Iraq) from July 2020 to June 2021. This study aimed to estimate the level of copper, IgE, and TRFC in patients suffering from enterobiasis. The concentration of three biomarkers (copper, IgE, and TRFC) in serum was determined using the ELISA technique as per the manufacturer's instructions while the concentration of copper was assessed by using the colourimetric method. Results of the study revealed that the concentrations of IgE and TRFC significantly increased (P≤0.05) in the blood sample of E. vermiculris infected patients, while the serum concentrations of copper decreased significantly (P≤0.05) compared to the control group. The results of the current study suggested that the E. vermicularis infection alters serum IgE and TRFC concentrations, which significantly impacts copper levels in the blood.