Acute HIV infection syndrome mimicking COVID-19 vaccination side effects : A case report

Abstract BackgroundSymptoms of primary HIV infection, including fever, rash, and headache, are nonspecific and are often described as flu-like. COVID-19 vaccination side effects, such as fever, which occur in up to 10% of people following COVID-19 vaccination, can make the diagnosis of acute HIV infection even more challenging.Case PresentationA 26-year-old man presented with fever and headache following COVID-19 vaccination. The symptoms were initially thought to be vaccine side effects. A diagnostic workup was conducted due to persisting fever and headache > 72 hours following vaccination, and he was diagnosed with Fiebig stage II acute HIV infection, 3 weeks after having unprotected anal intercourse with another man.ConclusionThorough anamnesis is key to estimating the individual risk of primary HIV infection, in patients presenting with flu-like symptoms. Early diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with better prognosis and limits transmission of the disease.

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Acute HIV infection syndrome mimicking COVID-19 vaccination side effects: a case report

AIDS Research and Therapy ◽

10.1186/s12981-021-00407-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julian Triebelhorn ◽

Stefanie Haschka ◽

Felix Hesse ◽

Johanna Erber ◽

Simon Weidlich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Anal Intercourse ◽

Unprotected Anal Intercourse ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Primary Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background Symptoms of primary HIV infection, including fever, rash, and headache, are nonspecific and are often described as flu-like. COVID-19 vaccination side effects, such as fever, which occur in up to 10% of people following COVID-19 vaccination, can make the diagnosis of acute HIV infection even more challenging. Case presentation A 26-year-old man presented with fever and headache following COVID-19 vaccination. The symptoms were initially thought to be vaccine side effects. A diagnostic workup was conducted due to persisting fever and headache > 72 h following vaccination, and he was diagnosed with Fiebig stage II acute HIV infection, 3 weeks after having unprotected anal intercourse with another man. Conclusion Thorough anamnesis is key to estimating the individual risk of primary HIV infection, in patients presenting with flu-like symptoms. Early diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with better prognosis and limits transmission of the disease.

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Acute HIV Infection in a Patient with Repeat HIV Antibody/Antigen Negative Results Presenting at an Urban Emergency Department: A Case Report

Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.06.032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. e113-e116

Author(s):

Jason Wilson ◽

Geetha Sanmugalingham ◽

Oluwatobi Ozoya ◽

Larissa Pierce ◽

Kelsey Hundley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Case Report ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Negative Results ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Urban Emergency Department

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Acute HIV infection presenting as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: case report and review of the literature

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-017-2732-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Farheen Manji ◽

Evan Wilson ◽

Etienne Mahe ◽

John Gill ◽

John Conly

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv

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Cryptococcal meningitis: an unusual presentation of primary HIV infection

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418779312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 1247-1249

Author(s):

José Barletta ◽

Adriana Falak ◽

Héctor Pérez

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽

Unusual Presentation ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Primary Hiv Infection ◽

Opportunistic Disease ◽

Hiv Progression ◽

Acute Hiv

Acute HIV infection presenting as severe opportunistic disease is a very uncommon event associated with more rapid HIV progression and higher mortality. We describe the case of a patient with cryptococcal meningitis in the setting of primary HIV infection.

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Transverse myelitis and acute HIV infection: a case report

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-14-149 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Paulo Andrade ◽

Cristóvão Figueiredo ◽

Cláudia Carvalho ◽

Lurdes Santos ◽

António Sarmento

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Transverse Myelitis ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv

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O4 Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during primary HIV infection (PHI) is associated with faster optimal immunological recovery: results of Italian Network of ACuTe HIV InfectiON (INACTION) retrospective study

Journal of Virus Eradication ◽

10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30820-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

A. Muscatello ◽

A. Bandera ◽

M. Fabbiani ◽

I. De Benedetto ◽

A. Ammassari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Early Start ◽

Primary Hiv Infection ◽

Acute Hiv ◽

Immunological Recovery

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Symptomatic primary HIV infection in a 49-year-old man who has sex with men: beware of the window phase

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.48.19424-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (48) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H E van Oosten ◽

M Damen ◽

H JC de Vries

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Anal Intercourse ◽

Unprotected Anal Intercourse ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Primary Hiv Infection ◽

History Of ◽

P24 Antigen ◽

Sex With Men

A 49-year-old man with a history of receptive unprotected anal intercourse with multiple anonymous men presented with a symptomatic primary HIV infection. Upon his initial visit the rapid HIV antibody screening test was negative but a p24 antigen test suggested a highly infectious phase in the HIV infection. An immunoblot assay confirmed the HIV diagnosis only 14 days later. Recent infections are characterised by a highly infectious phase and, if gone unnoticed, can have a large contribution to the ongoing transmission of HIV. Healthcare providers should be aware of primary HIV infection and the pitfalls in its diagnosis.

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