scholarly journals Effects of Different Anti-hypertensive Drugs on Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Hypertension in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Shi ◽  
Mengli Cao ◽  
Shourong Liu ◽  
Peifen Chen ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Abstract Background and aims: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension. However, it is still not clear whether there are differences among different anti-hypertensive drugs in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hypertension. Herein, we aimed to assess the relation between different anti-hypertensive medications and COVID-19 outcomes. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 58 hypertensive patients with COVID-19 who were treated with different anti-hypertensive drugs and reviewed the clinical data obtained from electronic medical records, including epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and the treatment and progression of the disease. Results: There was no obvious difference in clinical prognosis after using any anti-hypertensive drugs in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension, but the different anti-hypertensive drugs were associated with the use of non-invasive ventilator treatment at admission comparing two groups between ACEIs/ARBs and CCBs+ACEIs/ARBs. Conclusion: there is no evidence showing that the different use of anti-hypertensive drugs is related to outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and hypertension, even between single drug regimen and combined therapy (with at least two anti-hypertensive drugs as combined therapy).

Pharmacology of vasodilators

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Stéphane Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Small Resistance ◽  
Direct Acting

Antihypertensive and antianginal agents are differentially able to vasodilate small resistance arteries, large conducting arteries, and epicardial coronary arteries. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and alpha-adrenergic antagonists are not addressed here, since they are discussed in specific chapters. This chapter discusses the pharmacology of calcium channel blockers, nitrovasodilators, and direct-acting vasodilators. Dihydropyridines, such as nifedipine and amlodipine, are compared to the non-dihydropyridine agents verapamil and diltiazem. Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerine and isosorbide dinitrate, are compared to inorganic nitrates, such as sodium nitroprusside. Molsidomine and nicorandil are also discussed. Finally, the pharmacology of direct-acting vasodilators focuses on minoxidil and hydralazine. Pharmacology of mechanisms of action is detailed to better understand therapeutic indications and side effects.

scholarly journals Role of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of migraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Fehér ◽  
Gabriella Pusch
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Migraine Prevention ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Blockers

The treatment of migraine depends on the frequency, severity and concomitant diseases. There are several specific drugs developed for migraine prevention in addition to the additive antimigraine effects of some other non-specific drugs. The aim of this literature-based review is to summarize the possible antimigraine properties of different antihypertensive agents (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, etc.) focusing on the possible side effects (avoidance of beta blockers in the absence of heart disease, possible antiparkinson effect of calcium channel blockers, additive effect of drugs modifying the renin-angiotensin system activity, etc.). Current evidence supports the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (mainly lisinopril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (mainly candesartan) for long-term migraine prevention and blood pressure control. Long-term beta-blocker treatment should be avoided in the absence of ischemic heart disease due to possible unfavourable cardiovascular effects. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(5), 179–185.

Medical management: pharmacological therapy

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1387-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviv A. Shaul ◽  
David Hasdai
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Symptom Status

The current armamentarium for the treatment of chronic ischaemic heart disease includes agents that are used to relieve angina or attenuate ischaemia, as well as agents that are administered regardless of symptom status to ameliorate prognosis. Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers are the mainstay treatments for angina and ischaemia relief. Adjunct therapy includes nitrates, ivabradine, ranolazine, nicorandil, and trimetazidine. Aspirin (alternatively, clopidogrel), statins (possibly with ezetimibe), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (alternatively, angiotensin receptor blockers), are the mainstay agents to improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Tata Laksana Non Imunosupresan Sindrom Nefrotik pada Anak

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Sudung Oloan Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Recommended Daily Allowance ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Daily Allowance

Sindrom nefrotik adalah keadaan klinis yang terdiri atas proteinuria masif, hipo­albuminemia (< 2,5 g/dL), edema, dan hiperkolesterolemia. Terapi utama sindrom nefrotik adalah imunosupresan terutama kortikosteroid. Pada sindrom nefrotik relaps sering atau dependen steroid, dan sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid, selain steroid diberikan juga imunosupresan lain seperti siklofosfamid, siklosporin, mikofenolat mofetil, takrolimus, atau pun levamisol. Selain pemberian imunosupresan diperlukan terapi suportif, yang meliputi terapi diitetik,  tata laksana edema, hipertensi, hipovolemia, trombosis, hiperlipidemia, dan infeksi. Tata laksana diitetik terdiri atas kalori yang adekuat, protein sesuai recommended daily allowance, lemak low saturated, dan rendah garam. Komposisi zat gizi yang dianjurkan terdiri atas 10-14% protein; 40-50% lemak poly- dan monounsaturated, 40-50% karbohidrat. Tata laksana  edema terdiri atas restriksi cairan, pemberian diuretik, dan infus albumin jika perlu. Infeksi yang sering terjadi pada sindrom nefrotik adalah selulitis peritonitis, dan pneumonia yang diterapi dengan antibiotik sefotaksim, seftriakson, ko-amoksiklav. Antihipertensi yang digunakan pada anak umumnya diuretik, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, (amblodipin, nifedipin, isradipin), alpha-symphatetic agents, beta blockers dan vasodilator. Aktivitas fisik tidak perlu dibatasi, dan pada edema ringan atau tidak berat tidak perlu dilarang pergi ke sekolah

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