scholarly journals Quality Enhancement In A mm-Wave Multi-hop, Multi-Tier Heterogeneous 5G Network Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Zakarya ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Rahim Khan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Grade Of Service ◽  
User Groups

Abstract Millimetre-wave ultra-dense high capacity networks by providing an important component of future 5G cellular systems, by providing extremely high capacity to end users. Disparate types of users coexist in such scenarios, which can make the heterogeneous network unfair in terms of allocation of resources. A mechanism is required for effective spectrum sharing and to achieve overall system fairness. In this paper, an analytical model is suggested, which is based on a two-dimensional Markov state-transition diagram, to help set the parameter values to control the issuance of resources in coexistence layouts. A restriction approach is further implemented to gain a fair balance of the Grade-of-Service for both user groups using the User Admission Control mechanism. The developed mechanism restricts access to various channel resources for users with complete choice to give a greater probability of access to different users with limited resource options. Various levels of restriction are investigated in order to offer a balanced low-blocking probability performance to both user groups in order to improve the overall network fairness. Also, the proposed approach could provide a precise level of Grade-of-Service guarantee for both the user groups if sufficient flexibility is available within the whole network. Our simulation results show that approximately 30% to 45% enhancement, in terms of grade of service (GoS), could be achieved in high to medium loads by restricting some users' flexibility.

A Review on 3GPP 5G Security Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajavelsamy R ◽  
Debabrata Das
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Core Network ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Unified Authentication ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
5G Security

5G promises to support new level of use cases that will deliver a better user experience. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [1] defined 5G system introduced fundamental changes on top of its former cellular systems in several design areas, including security. Unlike in the legacy systems, the 5G architecture design considers Home control enhancements for roaming customer, tight collaboration with the 3rd Party Application servers, Unified Authentication framework to accommodate various category of devices and services, enhanced user privacy, and secured the new service based core network architecture. Further, 3GPP is investigating the enhancements to the 5G security aspects to support longer security key lengths, False Base station detection and wireless backhaul in the Phase-2 of 5G standardization [2]. This paper provides the key enhancements specified by the 3GPP for 5G system, particularly the differences to the 4G system and the rationale behind the decisions.

High capacity with limited spectrum in cellular systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Madfors ◽  
K. Wallstedt ◽  
S. Magnusson ◽  
H. Olofsson ◽  
P.-O. Backman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Limited Spectrum

scholarly journals High-capacity millimetre-wave communications with orbital angular momentum multiplexing

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yan ◽  
Guodong Xie ◽  
Martin P. J. Lavery ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Orbital Angular Momentum ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Millimetre Wave

scholarly journals The Science DMZ: A Network Design Pattern for Data-Intensive Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Dart ◽  
Lauren Rotman ◽  
Brian Tierney ◽  
Mary Hester ◽  
Jason Zurawski
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
And Performance

The ever-increasing scale of scientific data has become a significant challenge for researchers that rely on networks to interact with remote computing systems and transfer results to collaborators worldwide. Despite the availability of high-capacity connections, scientists struggle with inadequate cyberinfrastructure that cripples data transfer performance, and impedes scientific progress. The ScienceDMZparadigm comprises a proven set of network design patterns that collectively address these problems for scientists. We explain the Science DMZ model, including network architecture, system configuration, cybersecurity, and performance tools, that creates an optimized network environment for science. We describe use cases from universities, supercomputing centers and research laboratories, highlighting the effectiveness of the Science DMZ model in diverse operational settings. In all, the Science DMZ model is a solid platform that supports any science workflow, and flexibly accommodates emerging network technologies. As a result, the Science DMZ vastly improves collaboration, accelerating scientific discovery.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Analysis by Game Theoretic Approach in the Next Generation Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydev Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Femtocell Networks ◽  
Access Mode ◽  
Game Theoretic

<div>In downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks, an effective way of using the limited wireless spectrum resources can significantly improve network response. This paper presents a game-theoretic scheme with anticoordinated players by incorporating adaptation of femto base station (FBS) transmit power, attenuation of interference and utility function for open access mode and closed access mode respectively. The deployment of femtocells in the networks is to produce improved energy efficiency (EE) and optimized reponse of payoff function. In open access mode, each user belongs to the operator’s network can connect to the FBS and in closed access case, only a specified set of users can privately couple to the FBS whereas in the early access scenario it only allows authentic subscribers to take the advantage of femtocell networks. Additionally, the operating principle of spectrum sharing scheme has been discussed in which FBS as a player acquire knowledge from utility responses of their strategic communications and revise their strategies at each level of the game process. Here, an FBS is regarded as a player in the game to select the users who are satisfied to a greatest extent and an FBS plays a role of mentor. Thereafter, the equilibrium concept has been invoked to aid the anti-coordinated players for the strategies. Besides, a femtocell power adaptation algorithm has also been introduced based upon the set of enabled femtocells who can be used to retain its blocking probability that guarantees convergence to the stable strategy of the game, where the FBS monitors the subscribers’ actions and gives only limited data exchange. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm attains a high quality performance such as rapid convergence, interference attenuation to a greatest extent, noticeable EE improvement etc. Finally, validate the simulation results with its rarely studied extension in cognitive femtocell networks.</div>

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Analysis by Game Theoretic Approach in the Next Generation Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydev Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Femtocell Networks ◽  
Access Mode ◽  
Game Theoretic

<div>In downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks, an effective way of using the limited wireless spectrum resources can significantly improve network response. This paper presents a game-theoretic scheme with anticoordinated players by incorporating adaptation of femto base station (FBS) transmit power, attenuation of interference and utility function for open access mode and closed access mode respectively. The deployment of femtocells in the networks is to produce improved energy efficiency (EE) and optimized reponse of payoff function. In open access mode, each user belongs to the operator’s network can connect to the FBS and in closed access case, only a specified set of users can privately couple to the FBS whereas in the early access scenario it only allows authentic subscribers to take the advantage of femtocell networks. Additionally, the operating principle of spectrum sharing scheme has been discussed in which FBS as a player acquire knowledge from utility responses of their strategic communications and revise their strategies at each level of the game process. Here, an FBS is regarded as a player in the game to select the users who are satisfied to a greatest extent and an FBS plays a role of mentor. Thereafter, the equilibrium concept has been invoked to aid the anti-coordinated players for the strategies. Besides, a femtocell power adaptation algorithm has also been introduced based upon the set of enabled femtocells who can be used to retain its blocking probability that guarantees convergence to the stable strategy of the game, where the FBS monitors the subscribers’ actions and gives only limited data exchange. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm attains a high quality performance such as rapid convergence, interference attenuation to a greatest extent, noticeable EE improvement etc. Finally, validate the simulation results with its rarely studied extension in cognitive femtocell networks.</div>

Shape Homeostasis in Virtual Embryos

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Andersen ◽  
Richard Newman ◽  
Tim Otter
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Self Repair ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Components

We have constructed a computational platform suitable for examining emergence of shape homeostasis in simple three-dimensional cellular systems. An embryo phenotype results from a developmental process starting with a single cell and its genome. When coupled to an evolutionary search, this platform can evolve embryos with particular stable shapes and high capacity for self-repair, even though repair is not genetically encoded or part of the fitness criteria. With respect to the genome, embryo shape and self-repair are emergent properties that arise from complex interactions among cells and cellular components via signaling and gene regulatory networks, during development or during repair. This report analyzes these networks and the underlying mechanisms that control embryo growth, organization, stability, and robustness to injury.

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