Quality Enhancement In A mm-Wave Multi-hop, Multi-Tier Heterogeneous 5G Network Architecture

Millimetre-wave ultra-dense high capacity networks by providing an important component of future 5G cellular systems, by providing extremely high capacity to end users. Disparate types of users coexist in such scenarios, which can make the heterogeneous network unfair in terms of allocation of resources. A mechanism is required for effective spectrum sharing and to achieve overall system fairness. In this paper, an analytical model is suggested, which is based on a two-dimensional Markov state-transition diagram, to help set the parameter values to control the issuance of resources in coexistence layouts. A restriction approach is further implemented to gain a fair balance of the Grade-of-Service for both user groups using the User Admission Control mechanism. The developed mechanism restricts access to various channel resources for users with complete choice to give a greater probability of access to different users with limited resource options. Various levels of restriction are investigated in order to offer a balanced low-blocking probability performance to both user groups in order to improve the overall network fairness. Also, the proposed approach could provide a precise level of Grade-of-Service guarantee for both the user groups if sufficient flexibility is available within the whole network. Our simulation results show that approximately 30% to 45% enhancement, in terms of grade of service (GoS), could be achieved in high to medium loads by restricting some users' flexibility.

Recursion applied to the Erlang B formula for determining the telephone exchange Grade of Service

This paper describes how it is possible to apply a recursion to the original formula of Erlang B., to solve the problem of evaluating large numbers in that formula, using mathematical assistants, in applications designed to determine the grade of service in telephone exchanges.

Recursion applied to the Erlang B formula for determining the telephone exchange Grade of Service

This paper describes how it is possible to apply a recursion to the original formula of Erlang B., to solve the problem of evaluating large numbers in that formula, using mathematical assistants, in applications designed to determine the grade of service in telephone exchanges.

Effect of Slice Priority for admission control in 5G Wireless Networks: A comparison study for two Fuzzy-based systems considering Software-Defined-Networks

The Fifth Generation (5G) networks are expected to be flexible to satisfy demands of high-quality services such as high speed, low latencies and enhanced reliability from customers. Also, the rapidly increasing amount of user devices and high user’s requests becomes a problem. Thus, the Software-Defined Network (SDN) will be the key function for efficient management and control. To deal with these problems, we propose a Fuzzy-based SDN approach. This paper presents and compares two Fuzzy-based Systems for Admission Control (FBSAC) in 5G wireless networks: FBSAC1 and FBSAC2. The FBSAC1 considers for admission control decision three parameters: Grade of Service (GS), User Request Delay Time (URDT) and Network Slice Size (NSS). In FBSAC2, we consider as an additional parameter the Slice Priority (SP). So, FBSAC2 has four input parameters. The simulation results show that the FBSAC2 is more complex than FBSAC1, but it has a better performance for admission control.

OPTIMAL PROVISIONING OF OPTICAL NETWORKS WITH ASYMMETRIC NODES

Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSONs) have been designed to take advantage of all optical switching fabrics with a high level of automation and efficiency. Therein, the Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS) represent the core switching elements with a technology enabling multi-degree Reconfigurable Optical Add\Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) architectures with colorless and directionless switching. In this paper, we propose an optimization model to establish the best ROADM switching connectivity to maximize the grade of service, for a given number of ports. We show that the grade of service can vary significantly, up to 30%, depending on the switching connectivity. Besides, the larger the network is, the more the variance increases: from 20% to 30%, when the number of nodes varies from 14 to 24.

Grade of Service (GoS) Analysis on PT XYZ Using SolarWinds Orion

PT XYZ offered very high availability of network connections (Service Level Agreements or SLA) to customer requirements. The immense SLA offered by the company must be supported with good service quality of the internal network and proper maintenance scheduling. One of the parameters that can be used to measure internal network quality is Grade of Service (GoS). However, there’s never been any analysis done on PT XYZ's internal network using this parameter so the quality of internal services not yet determined. In this study, Grade of Services (GoS) analysis was conducted on PT XYZ’s internal network to find out whether the service quality of the internal network was in a good category based on the GoS value parameter. The analysis is carried out by utilizing the bandwidth usage data samples taken from one of the main nodes monitored by SolarWinds Orion. The bandwidth usage rate was analyzed in the period of days, weeks, and months to calculate network traffic volume so that the highest network traffic intensity trend and Grade of Service (GoS) value at the busiest hour can be determined. After 6 months of data collection, the intensity of network traffic at the busiest hour was obtained at 18.70 Erlang with a GoS value of 0.0000000001778%. The GoS value shows that that service quality is in a very good state (below < 1%) so network efficiency improvements not necessary at the moment.

Modelling of Multiservice Networks with Separated Resources and Overflow of Adaptive Traffic

The article proposes a new method of determining traffic characteristics of multiservice overflow systems that carry adaptive traffic. When the total offered load in primary resources exceeds a certain value, this type of traffic is admitted for service with lower bitrate. A particular attention is given in the article to a method for a determination of the parameters of traffic that overflows to secondary resources as well as to the way adaptive traffic is serviced. The method takes into consideration three possible types of traffic: Erlang, Engset, and Pascal traffic. It is based on a generalization of Hayward’s concept and its application to model systems with adaptive traffic with threshold compression. The method can be used for optimal dimensioning of logical networks (slices) in modern mobile systems due to possibility of analytical determination of grade of service parameters (blocking probability, carried traffic, and network load). To verify the accuracy of the proposed model the results of analytical calculations, obtained on the basis of the proposed model, are then compared with the results of simulation experiments for a number of selected structures of overflow systems that service adaptive traffic. The results of the study demonstrate high accuracy of the proposed theoretical model.