Free Form Low Cost Fabrication Using Titanium

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corby G. Anderson ◽  
John J. Krstulich
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Toshiki Hirogaki ◽  
Eiichi Aoyama ◽  
Morihiko Ikegaya ◽  
...  

Nanofibers can be used in such fields/applications as medical care, environment protection, apparel, and agriculture. We also believe this field will continue to show fast growth in the next few years. In this paper, we focused an abrasive machining application for oil adsorbing and polishing performances that achieved polymeric nanofiber mass production by a melt blowing method. In the present report, we proposed an oil adsorption physical model and compared experiment results to develop a nanofiber polishing pad. We used this model and calculated the mass ratio of oil to abrasive grains and abrasive size in abrasive machining when the fiber mass and bulk density were constant. For realizing a free-form nano surface, such as a molding die surface, we conducted base experiments with different fiber diameters and grain sizes and compared the base polishing characteristics with commercial felt buff. The polished surface roughness of the workpiece became smaller, and the polishing processes on it were more stable with this new, low cost abrasive material on abrasive machining. We believe that the nanofiber abrasive pad can be used in abrasive machining with oil slurry as a next-generation abrasive material.


2019 ◽  
pp. 142-176
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Almusharraf ◽  
Jonathan Rose ◽  
Peter Selby

BACKGROUND At any given time, most smokers in a population are ambivalent with no motivation to quit. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based technique that aims to elicit change in ambivalent smokers. MI practitioners are scarce and expensive, and smokers are difficult to reach. Smokers are potentially reachable through the web, and if an automated chatbot could emulate an MI conversation, it could form the basis of a low-cost and scalable intervention motivating smokers to quit. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this study is to design, train, and test an automated MI-based chatbot capable of eliciting reflection in a conversation with cigarette smokers. This study describes the process of collecting training data to improve the chatbot’s ability to generate MI-oriented responses, particularly reflections and summary statements. The secondary goal of this study is to observe the effects on participants through voluntary feedback given after completing a conversation with the chatbot. METHODS An interdisciplinary collaboration between an MI expert and experts in computer engineering and natural language processing (NLP) co-designed the conversation and algorithms underlying the chatbot. A sample of 121 adult cigarette smokers in 11 successive groups were recruited from a web-based platform for a single-arm prospective iterative design study. The chatbot was designed to stimulate reflections on the pros and cons of smoking using MI’s running head start technique. Participants were also asked to confirm the chatbot’s classification of their free-form responses to measure the classification accuracy of the underlying NLP models. Each group provided responses that were used to train the chatbot for the next group. RESULTS A total of 6568 responses from 121 participants in 11 successive groups over 14 weeks were received. From these responses, we were able to isolate 21 unique reasons for and against smoking and the relative frequency of each. The gradual collection of responses as inputs and smoking reasons as labels over the 11 iterations improved the F1 score of the classification within the chatbot from 0.63 in the first group to 0.82 in the final group. The mean time spent by each participant interacting with the chatbot was 21.3 (SD 14.0) min (minimum 6.4 and maximum 89.2). We also found that 34.7% (42/121) of participants enjoyed the interaction with the chatbot, and 8.3% (10/121) of participants noted explicit smoking cessation benefits from the conversation in voluntary feedback that did not solicit this explicitly. CONCLUSIONS Recruiting ambivalent smokers through the web is a viable method to train a chatbot to increase accuracy in reflection and summary statements, the building blocks of MI. A new set of 21 <i>smoking reasons</i> (both for and against) has been identified. Initial feedback from smokers on the experience shows promise toward using it in an intervention.


10.2196/20251 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. e20251
Author(s):  
Fahad Almusharraf ◽  
Jonathan Rose ◽  
Peter Selby

Background At any given time, most smokers in a population are ambivalent with no motivation to quit. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based technique that aims to elicit change in ambivalent smokers. MI practitioners are scarce and expensive, and smokers are difficult to reach. Smokers are potentially reachable through the web, and if an automated chatbot could emulate an MI conversation, it could form the basis of a low-cost and scalable intervention motivating smokers to quit. Objective The primary goal of this study is to design, train, and test an automated MI-based chatbot capable of eliciting reflection in a conversation with cigarette smokers. This study describes the process of collecting training data to improve the chatbot’s ability to generate MI-oriented responses, particularly reflections and summary statements. The secondary goal of this study is to observe the effects on participants through voluntary feedback given after completing a conversation with the chatbot. Methods An interdisciplinary collaboration between an MI expert and experts in computer engineering and natural language processing (NLP) co-designed the conversation and algorithms underlying the chatbot. A sample of 121 adult cigarette smokers in 11 successive groups were recruited from a web-based platform for a single-arm prospective iterative design study. The chatbot was designed to stimulate reflections on the pros and cons of smoking using MI’s running head start technique. Participants were also asked to confirm the chatbot’s classification of their free-form responses to measure the classification accuracy of the underlying NLP models. Each group provided responses that were used to train the chatbot for the next group. Results A total of 6568 responses from 121 participants in 11 successive groups over 14 weeks were received. From these responses, we were able to isolate 21 unique reasons for and against smoking and the relative frequency of each. The gradual collection of responses as inputs and smoking reasons as labels over the 11 iterations improved the F1 score of the classification within the chatbot from 0.63 in the first group to 0.82 in the final group. The mean time spent by each participant interacting with the chatbot was 21.3 (SD 14.0) min (minimum 6.4 and maximum 89.2). We also found that 34.7% (42/121) of participants enjoyed the interaction with the chatbot, and 8.3% (10/121) of participants noted explicit smoking cessation benefits from the conversation in voluntary feedback that did not solicit this explicitly. Conclusions Recruiting ambivalent smokers through the web is a viable method to train a chatbot to increase accuracy in reflection and summary statements, the building blocks of MI. A new set of 21 smoking reasons (both for and against) has been identified. Initial feedback from smokers on the experience shows promise toward using it in an intervention.


2019 ◽  
pp. 900-934
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.


Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.


2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Wang ◽  
Peng Su ◽  
Robert Parks ◽  
Roger Angel ◽  
Jose Sasian ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Fu Jing Tian ◽  
Zi Qiang Yin ◽  
Sheng Yi Li

Optical free-form surfaces are becoming more and more popular in the industry application, which can be fabricated by diamond turning based on fast tool servo (FTS). It is an efficient, precise and low-cost processing method. In order to use diamond turning to fabricate the freeform optics, this paper develops a novel long range fast tool servo which is actuated by voice coil motor. The total range can reach up to 30 mm. The important parts of the FTS have been simulated and analyzed. The transfer function model identification of the FTS has been accomplished. Since the desired tool trajectories are approximately periodic signals in freeform surfaces turning, and the adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC) control can achieve perfect tracking and disturbance rejection of periodic signals, the AFC control is designed to be added on the IMC-PID controller.


Author(s):  
KS Sridevi Sangeetha ◽  
S Umamaheswari

Lead is one of the earliest metals discovered by humans. It has a number of unique properties such as softness, high malleability, ductility, low melting point, resistance to corrosion and low cost. This has made its widespread usage in different industrial sectors, which in turn has led to its manifold occurrence in free form in biological systems and the inert environment. Over the last few decades, with the adverse effects of lead coming to the forefront, nations across the world have started to recognise lead toxicity. This review covers the history behind the usage of lead, sources of lead exposure, absorption, distribution and excretion of lead, toxic signs and symptoms of lead toxicity and methods to evaluate the lead levels and the current treatment regimen. This also covers the details of current research work going on in the area of herbal remedies against lead induced liver damage.


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