scholarly journals California Least Tern Foraging Ecology in Southern California: A Review of Foraging Behavior Relative to Proposed Dredging Locations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Keane ◽  
Lawrence J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Least Tern

Modeling of Habitat and Foraging Behavior of Beaked Whales in the Southern California Bight

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Baumann-Pickering ◽  
John A. Hildebrand ◽  
Tina Yack ◽  
Jeffrey E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Southern California Bight ◽  
Beaked Whales

scholarly journals The effect of two 12 kHz multibeam mapping surveys on the foraging behavior of Cuvier's beaked whales off of southern California

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 3849-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Kates Varghese ◽  
Jennifer Miksis-Olds ◽  
Nancy DiMarzio ◽  
Kim Lowell ◽  
Ernst Linder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Beaked Whales ◽  
Multibeam Mapping

scholarly journals Patterns of foraging activity and fidelity in a southeast Asian flying fox

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Schloesing ◽  
Rémi Chambon ◽  
Annelise Tran ◽  
Kinley Choden ◽  
Sébastien Ravon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Fruit Bat

Abstract Background Improved understanding of the foraging ecology of bats in the face of ongoing habitat loss and modification worldwide is essential to their conservation and maintaining the substantial ecosystem services they provide. It is also fundamental to assessing potential transmission risks of zoonotic pathogens in human-wildlife interfaces. We evaluated the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia. Methods We employed an approach based on animal-movement modeling, which comprised a path-segmentation method (hidden Markov model) to identify individual foraging-behavior sequences in GPS data generated by eight P. lylei. We characterized foraging localities, foraging activity, and probability of returning to a given foraging locality over consecutive nights. Generalized linear mixed models were also applied to assess the influence of several variables including proxies for energetic costs and quality of foraging areas. Results Bats performed few foraging bouts (area-restricted searches) during a given night, mainly in residential areas, and the duration of these decreased during the night. The probability of a bat revisiting a given foraging area within 48 h varied according to the duration previously spent there, its distance to the roost site, and the corresponding habitat type. We interpret these fine-scale patterns in relation to global habitat quality (including food-resource quality and predictability), habitat-familiarity and experience of each individual. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that heterogeneous human-made environments may promote complex patterns of foraging-behavior and short-term re-visitation in fruit bat species that occur in such landscapes. This highlights the need for similarly detailed studies to understand the processes that maintain biodiversity in these environments and assess the potential for pathogen transmission in human-wildlife interfaces.

Modeling of Habitat and Foraging Behavior of Beaked Whales in the Southern California Bight

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Baumann-Pickering ◽  
John A. Hildebrand ◽  
Tina Yack
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Southern California Bight ◽  
Beaked Whales

scholarly journals Insight into the kinematics of blue whale surface foraging through drone observations and prey data

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh G. Torres ◽  
Dawn R. Barlow ◽  
Todd E. Chandler ◽  
Jonathan D. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Blue Whale ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Blue Whales ◽  
Lunge Feeding

To understand how predators optimize foraging strategies, extensive knowledge of predator behavior and prey distribution is needed. Blue whales employ an energetically demanding lunge feeding method that requires the whales to selectively feed where energetic gain exceeds energetic loss, while also balancing oxygen consumption, breath holding capacity, and surface recuperation time. Hence, blue whale foraging behavior is primarily driven by krill patch density and depth, but many studies have not fully considered surface feeding as a significant foraging strategy in energetic models. We collected predator and prey data on a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) foraging ground in New Zealand in February 2017 to assess the distributional and behavioral response of blue whales to the distribution and density of krill prey aggregations. Krill density across the study region was greater toward the surface (upper 20 m), and blue whales were encountered where prey was relatively shallow and more dense. This relationship was particularly evident where foraging and surface lunge feeding were observed. Furthermore, New Zealand blue whales also had relatively short dive times (2.83 ± 0.27 SE min) as compared to other blue whale populations, which became even shorter at foraging sightings and where surface lunge feeding was observed. Using an unmanned aerial system (UAS; drone) we also captured unique video of a New Zealand blue whale’s surface feeding behavior on well-illuminated krill patches. Video analysis illustrates the whale’s potential use of vision to target prey, make foraging decisions, and orient body mechanics relative to prey patch characteristics. Kinematic analysis of a surface lunge feeding event revealed biomechanical coordination through speed, acceleration, head inclination, roll, and distance from krill patch to maximize prey engulfment. We compared these lunge kinematics to data previously reported from tagged blue whale lunges at depth to demonstrate strong similarities, and provide rare measurements of gape size, and krill response distance and time. These findings elucidate the predator-prey relationship between blue whales and krill, and provide support for the hypothesis that surface feeding by New Zealand blue whales is an important component to their foraging ecology used to optimize their energetic efficiency. Understanding how blue whales make foraging decisions presents logistical challenges, which may cause incomplete sampling and biased ecological knowledge if portions of their foraging behavior are undocumented. We conclude that surface foraging could be an important strategy for blue whales, and integration of UAS with tag-based studies may expand our understanding of their foraging ecology by examining surface feeding events in conjunction with behaviors at depth.

Modeling of Habitat and Foraging Behavior of Beaked Whales in the Southern California Bight

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Baumann-Pickering ◽  
John A. Hildebrand ◽  
Tina Yack ◽  
Jeffrey E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Southern California Bight ◽  
Beaked Whales

Summer foraging ecology of wapiti (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) in the Mount St. Helens blast zone

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Blast Zone ◽  
Mount St Helens

Summer–fall foraging behavior of wapiti was studied relative to seasonal changes in forage resources in early successional forests of the Mount St. Helens "blast zone." Seasonal changes in diet, plant community selection, and foraging behavior of wapiti were generally consistent with hypothesized ingestive and processing constraints on a large-bodied ruminant. When high-quality forage was abundant early in the growing season, forbs dominated in wapiti diets probably because of their high digestibility and cell-wall breakdown rates. As forb biomass declined, wapiti initially maintained a high intake of forbs by increasing search rates (m/min). Eventually wapiti switched to grasses, with consequent decreases in feeding time and increases in rumination time. Selection of plant communities by wapiti was related to the standing crop (kg/ha) of forage only in the fall, when grasses were the preferred forage type. Cover and spacing needs during calving and the influence of forage structure on intake rates and plant community selection are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Arthropods and Fruits in Foraging Behavior of Omnivorous Tanagers (Thraupidae): The Comparison of Three Methods

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Naoki
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Initial Observation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bird Foraging

Abstract I quantified the foraging ecology of omnivorous Tangara tanagers with three methods commonly used in the study of foraging behavior. The relative importance of two food types, arthropods and fruits, varied largely depending on which method was used for data analyses. Arthropod foraging was more important than fruit foraging when calculated using the duration of foraging. In contrast, fruit foraging was more important when characterized by the food taken at initial observation and the total number of food items taken. This bias was probably caused by the difference in distribution and abundance of these two food types. Although numerous studies have used the frequency of initial observations to quantify bird foraging behavior, this method tends to underestimate the importance of highly rewarding but scarce food types in time budgets and tends to overestimate the same food type in the number of food items in birds' diets. Importancia Relativa de Artrópodos y Frutos en el Comportamiento de Forrajeo de las Tangaras Omnívoras (Thraupidae): Comparación de Tres Métodos Resumen. Cuantifiqué la ecología de forrajeo de las tangaras omnívoras del género Tangara con tres métodos comúnmente utilizados en el estudio del comportamiento de forrajeo. La importancia relativa de dos tipos de alimento, artrópodos y frutos, varió significativamente dependiendo de qué método se utilizó para analizar los datos. El forrajeo de artrópodos fue más importante que el forrajeo de frutos cuando calculado utilizando duración del forrajeo. En contraste, el forrajeo de frutos fue más importante cuando caracterizado por el tipo de alimento consumido en observación inicial y el número total de alimentos consumidos. Este sesgo fue causado probablemente por la diferencia en distribución y abundancia de estos dos tipos de alimento. Muchos estudios han utilizado la frecuencia de observaciones iniciales para cuantificar el comportamiento de forrajeo de las aves. Sin embargo, este método tiende a subestimar la importancia de aquellos alimentos, de alta recompensa pero escasos, en términos del tiempo invertido en su búsqueda. Al mismo tiempo, este método tiende a sobrestimar estos mismos tipos de alimento cuando se considera el número de artículos alimenticios en la dieta de las aves.

scholarly journals Do similar foragers flock together? Nonbreeding foraging behavior and its impact on mixed-species flocking associations in a subtropical region

The Auk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison H Jones ◽  
Mitchell J Walters ◽  
Scott K Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Mixed Species Flocks ◽  
Species Flocks

Abstract Mixed-species flocks are ubiquitous in forest bird communities, yet the extent to which positive (facilitative) or negative (competitive) interactions structure these assemblages has been a subject of debate. Here, we describe the fine-scale foraging ecology and use network analysis to quantify mixed-species flocking interactions of an insectivorous bird community in hardwood forests of north-central Florida. Our goal was to determine if similarly foraging species are more (facilitation hypothesis) or less (competition hypothesis) likely to associate in flocks, and if foraging ecology can explain intraspecific abundance patterns within flocks. We quantified attack maneuvers, foraging substrate, and foraging microhabitat of all 17 common insectivorous species in these forests and characterized the composition of 92 flocks encountered. Flocking was important in our community; 14 of 17 species joined more than 5% of flocks, and 10 species had flocking propensities of over 0.80. Our results supported both hypothesized mechanisms structuring flock composition. Species had distinct, well-defined foraging niches during the nonbreeding season, but foraging niche overlap among flocking species was greater than expected by chance. Consistent with the facilitation hypothesis, we found that similarly foraging species were significantly more likely to associate in flocks, a result driven by lower association strengths in large-bodied woodpeckers. We found no evidence of assortment by foraging behavior, however, likely because foraging behavior and substrate use showed strong niche partitioning at the fine scale within our community. Intraspecific abundance patterns were significantly linked to foraging substrate use, with live leaf use correlated with high within-flock abundance and relative abundance at study sites. Species that specialized on comparatively less abundant substrates (tree trunks, epiphytes, dead leaves) joined flocks as singletons, showed lower relative abundance, and may exhibit nonbreeding territoriality. Our results highlight the importance of foraging substrate use and mixed-species flocks in structuring the nonbreeding ecology of migratory birds.

Beaked whale foraging behavior during 12 kHz multibeam mapping survey off southern California coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2685-2686
Author(s):  
Hilary S. Kates Varghese ◽  
Jennifer Miksis-Olds ◽  
Nancy DiMarzio ◽  
Kim Lowell ◽  
Ernst Linder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
California Coast ◽  
Multibeam Mapping
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