scholarly journals Acquaintance content and obviation

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Pranav Anand ◽  
Natasha Korotkova
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Modals ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Predicates Of Personal Taste ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Firsthand Experience ◽  
Shed Light

This paper is about what Ninan (2014) (following Wollheim 1980) calls the AcquaintanceInference (AI): a firsthand experience requirement imposed by several subjective expressions such asPredicates of Personal Taste (PPTs) (delicious). In general, one is entitled to calling something deliciousonly upon having tried it. This requirement can be lifted, disappearing in scope of elements that we willcall obviators. The paper investigates the patterns of AI obviation for PPTs and similar constructions(e.g., psych predicates and subjective attitudes). We show that the cross-constructional variation in whenacquaintance requirements can be obviated presents challenges for previous accounts of the AI (Pearson2013, Ninan 2014). In place of these, we argue for the existence of two kinds of acquaintance content:(i) that of bare PPTs; and (ii) that of psych predicates, subjective attitudes and overt experiencer PPTs.For (i), we propose that the AI arises from an evidential restriction that is dependent on a parameterof interpretation which obviators update. For (ii), we argue that the AI is a classic presupposition. Wemodel both (i) and (ii) using von Fintel and Gillies’s (2010) framework for directness and thus connecttwo strands of research: that on PPTs and that on epistemic modals. Both phenomena are sensitive toa broad direct-indirect distinction, and analyzing them along similar lines can help shed light on hownatural language conceptualizes evidence in general.Keywords: evidentiality, firsthand experience, knowledge, predicates of personal taste, subjectivity

The non-modality of opinion verbs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David-Étienne Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Modals ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Epistemic Modal ◽  
Predicates Of Personal Taste ◽  
Modal Semantics ◽  
Embedded Clause

This chapter is concerned with the interpretation of predicates of personal taste and epistemic modals. Specifically, I argue that while there are some interpretive similarities between the two, they do not warrant the unified treatment that they receive in Stephenson (2007) and others. I show that the relevant judge for predicates of personal taste and the relevant knower for epistemic modals can only be assigned by non-overlapping syntactic means. More specifically, epistemic verbs do not necessarily shift the judge of their embedded clause, and opinion verbs are not licensed by the presence of an epistemic modal in the complement, only by a true predicate of personal taste. I therefore argue that the interpretation of epistemic modals should not contain any reference to a judge index, and that judge dependency should not be accounted for using the mechanisms of modal semantics.

scholarly journals A Sensibilist Explanation of Imaginative Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nils Franzén
Keyword(s):  
Actual World ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Predicates Of Personal Taste ◽  
Imaginative Resistance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Evaluative Terms ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article discusses why it is the case that we refuse to accept strange evaluative claims as being true in fictions, even though we are happy to go along with other types of absurdities in such contexts. For instance, we would refuse to accept the following statement as true, even in the context of a fiction: (i) In killing her baby, Giselda did the right thing; after all, it was a girl. This article offers a sensibilist diagnosis of this puzzle, inspired by an observation first made by David Hume. According to sensibilism, the way we feel about things settles their evaluative properties. Thus, when confronted with a fictional scenario where the configuration of non-evaluative facts and properties is relevantly similar to the actual world, we refuse to go along with evaluative properties being instantiated according to a different pattern. It is the attitudes we hold in the actual world that fix the extension of evaluative terms, even in nonactual worlds. When engaging with a fiction, we (to some extent) leave our beliefs about what the world is like behind, while taking our emotional attitudes with us into the fiction. To substantiate this diagnosis, this paper outlines a sensibilist semantics for evaluative terms based on recent discussion regarding predicates of personal taste, and explains how, together with standard assumptions about the nature of fictional discourse, it makes the relevant predictions with respect to engagement with fictions.

scholarly journals Effect of the Cross-Linking Density on the Swelling and Rheological Behavior of Ester-Bridged β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Gjylije Hoti ◽  
Fabrizio Caldera ◽  
Claudio Cecone ◽  
Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo ◽  
Anastasia Anceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Cyclodextrin Nanosponges ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Shed Light

The cross-linking density influences the physicochemical properties of cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NSs). Although the effect of the cross-linker type and content on the NSs performance has been investigated, a detailed study of the cross-linking density has never been performed. In this contribution, nine ester-bridged NSs based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and different quantities of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), used as a cross-linking agent in stoichiometric proportions of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 moles of PMDA for each mole of CD, were synthesized and characterized in terms of swelling and rheological properties. The results, from the swelling experiments, exploiting Flory–Rehner theory, and rheology, strongly showed a cross-linker content-dependent behavior. The study of cross-linking density allowed to shed light on the efficiency of the synthesis reaction methods. Overall, our study demonstrates that by varying the amount of cross-linking agent, the cross-linked structure of the NSs matrix can be controlled effectively. As PMDA βCD-NSs have emerged over the years as a highly versatile class of materials with potential applications in various fields, this study represents the first step towards a full understanding of the correlation between their structure and properties, which is a key requirement to effectively tune their synthesis reaction in view of any specific future application or industrial scale-up.

scholarly journals Translating English Sound Symbolism in Italian Comics: A Corpus-Based Linguistic Analysis across Six Decades (1932–1992)

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Pier Simone Pischedda
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Archival Work ◽  
Shed Light

Linking interdisciplinarity and multimodality in translation studies, this paper will analyse the diachronic translation of English ideophones in Italian Disney comics. This is achieved thanks to the compiling of a bi-directional corpus of sound symbolic entries spanning six decades (1932–1992)—a corpus that was created following extensive archival work in various Italian and American libraries between 2014 and 2016. The central aim is to showcase practical examples coming from published comic scripts and to highlight patterns of translation in each of the five different time windows which were chosen according to specific historical, linguistic and cultural vicissitudes taking place in the Italian nation. Overall, the intention is to shed light on an under-developed area of studies that focuses on the cross-linguistical transposition of ideophonic forms in comic books and to pinpoint how greater factors might influence the treatment of such deceptively miniscule elements in the comic books’ pages.

The Cross-National Consequences of Humiliating International Events

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-107
Author(s):  
Joslyn Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Affect States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cross National ◽  
International Events

This chapter presents statistical evidence in order to support the model of humiliation. The cross-national and within-country approaches used in the chapter shed light on the degree to which the behaviour of recently humiliated states differs from that of states that have not experienced recent humiliation. It examines the relationship between two potentially humiliating events, defeat in conflict and involuntary territorial loss, as well as the levels of subsequent aggression and hostility. The analysis in the chapter also shows that states that have recently experienced these two types of events behave differently than those that have not. States that have experienced recent defeat, for instance, are 42% more likely to initiate conflict in the ten years after a defeat than states that have not recently been defeated. It demonstrates that not all defeats or territorial losses affect states in the same way.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document