The power to lead

The staff in local organisations are taking on the largest proportion of risk in a humanitarian response by being on the frontlines and endangering their physical and mental well-being. This paper reflects on how local organisations are taking leadership over the responses within their countries despite the challenges of bringing the localisation agenda and commitments into reality. Further, it recommends how international actors can reflect on their localisation efforts to reach a more tangible change that aligns with the Grand Bargain commitments. In addition to advocating for more access to direct funding, the paper also provides examples of how to shift leadership to a more community-driven response aligned with the concept of the triple nexus, and shares firsthand experience from the work of a local organisation that is active in the Syria response and driven by the commitment to create youth-led change.

The Origins of Trust: Humans’ Reliance on Communicative Cues Supersedes Firsthand Experience During the Second Year of Life

How do people learn about things that they have never perceived or inferred—like molecules, miracles or Marie-Antoinette? For many thinkers, trust is the answer. Humans rely on communicated information, sometimes even when it contradicts blatantly their firsthand experience. We investigate the early ontogeny of this trust using a non-verbal search paradigm in four main studies and three supplementary studies (N = 208). Infants and toddlers first see where a reward is, and then an in-formant communicates to them that it is in another location. We use this general experimental set-up to assess the role of age, informants’ knowledge, cue’s familiarity, and communicative context on trust in communicated information. Results reveal that infants and toddlers quickly trust familiar and novel communicative cues from well-informed adults. When searching for the reward, they follow a well-informed adults’ communicative cue, even when it contradicts what they just saw. Further-more, infants are less likely to be guided by familiar and novel cues from poorly informed adults than toddlers. Thus, reliance on communication is calibrated during early childhood, up to the point of overriding evidence about informants’ knowledge. Moreover, toddlers trust much more strongly a novel cue when it is used in a communicative manner. Toddlers’ trust cannot be explained by mere compliance: it is highly reduced when communicated information is pitted against what participants currently see. Thus, humans’ strong tendency to rely on familiar and novel communicative cues emerges in infancy, and intensifies during the second year of life.

A New Look at Infant Problem-Solving: Using DeepLabCut to Investigate Exploratory Problem-Solving Approaches

When confronted with novel problems, problem-solvers must decide whether to copy a modeled solution or to explore their own unique solutions. While past work has established that infants can learn to solve problems both through their own exploration and through imitation, little work has explored the factors that influence which of these approaches infants select to solve a given problem. Moreover, past work has treated imitation and exploration as qualitatively distinct, although these two possibilities may exist along a continuum. Here, we apply a program novel to developmental psychology (DeepLabCut) to archival data (Lucca et al., 2020) to investigate the influence of the effort and success of an adult’s modeled solution, and infants’ firsthand experience with failure, on infants’ imitative versus exploratory problem-solving approaches. Our results reveal that tendencies toward exploration are relatively immune to the information from the adult model, but that exploration generally increased in response to firsthand experience with failure. In addition, we found that increases in maximum force and decreases in trying time were associated with greater exploration, and that exploration subsequently predicted problem-solving success on a new iteration of the task. Thus, our results demonstrate that infants increase exploration in response to failure and that exploration may operate in a larger motivational framework with force, trying time, and expectations of task success.

Undergraduate Researcher Stories: Insights for Mentoring in an Open and Distance Learning Context

Research is a requisite for most of the undergraduate honors degrees offered by universities worldwide and these undergraduates are expected to submit a dissertation based on their research. Given the new demands of this independent component of learning, it is important to understand the challenges faced by students and the strategies that they employ in successfully navigating the various components of this process. This knowledge is useful to mentors and course developers as it provides insights about the firsthand experience of the students. The present study used a qualitative research design to investigate the research experience of a purposive sample of undergraduates who completed their Bachelor of Arts Honors in English and English Language Teaching in an open and distance university in Sri Lanka in the academic year 2017/2018. The responses from 12 undergraduates in the form of written stories were coded and analyzed thematically. The study revealed areas which need attention by mentors, faculty, and universities, especially those in open and distance contexts, when providing support to novice researchers.

“Say Their Names”

Katherine Bischoping and Amber Gazso (2016) use the notion of a “good story” to evaluate how successfully the storyteller conveys their message to the reader. The goal of this observational reflection paper is to explore whether the same criteria of good storytelling (i.e., good reportability, good liveability, good coherence, and good fidelity) can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of narratives told by prisoner rights protestors. I draw on my firsthand experience of a protest outside the Central East Correctional Facility in Lindsay, Ontario to develop my evaluation and conclude that the stories I observed can be analyzed using this criterion.

Leading as sensing: connecting within to navigate through chaos

Purpose The aim of the paper is to explore leadership behavior as a process of sensing through the connection of various aspects of the self to external dynamics. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an in-depth study of an international technology firm where 36 managers were interviewed. Content analysis was used to interpret the data. Findings If leaders learn to be more authentic in the way they think, feel, and act, they will be more connected to who they are and what they stand for in the face of uncertainty. Practical implications Leaders should embrace adversity as an opportunity to connect more deeply to their inner senses by breaking away from their comfort zones and acting courageously through their decisions. Originality/value The paper offers a different understanding of adaptive leadership from the sensing perspective. The firsthand experience of managers challenged by the Covid-19 pandemic offers fresh insights into the study of leadership behavior.

Personalising cultural policy: The influence of Tom O’Regan

This article offers a personal commentary on the influence of Tom O’Regan, my Honours supervisor in the 1990s. Among many other things, he was a major contributor to the ‘cultural policy debate’ in Australia. More than offering an explanation about the subject, O’Regan had warned of the need to strike a balance when debating culture and critiquing cultural policy, and not fall into polemical traps. Making a case for policy independence, he urged academics to participate collaboratively and cooperatively in cultural policy-making processes, instead of primarily engaging in cultural criticisms. I write as well of my firsthand experience of how his cultural policy writings transcended scholarly rationale into the actual policy domain during my time as a media policy professional in Singapore. His ability to apply policy thinking beyond academia underscores why he was – and will remain – a giant of media and cultural studies in Australia and beyond.

Portrayal of Domestic Violence Trajectories During the Perinatal Period

Domestic violence during the perinatal period (DVPP) refers to the various ways that women’s partners or ex-partners control and coerce them during pregnancy and the 2 years postpartum. From the descriptions of 17 women with firsthand experience of DVPP, this article reports on its manifestations and the associated contexts. The results reveal escalating violence, diverse forms of violence, and exacerbated consequences over the perinatal period. The contexts that pose additional challenges for the women include financial precariousness and the partner’s substance abuse, and to a lesser extent the residential situation.

Urban Folklore, Urban Legend

Everyday talk is central to how places become stigmatized and how asymmetric borders enter the popular imagination. This chapter explores the tales about Tijuana that proliferate in neighboring San Diego, based on a set of forty-five qualitative interviews conducted in six San Diego County communities between 2006 and 2008. The analysis finds that people seldom repeated positive stories they heard, whereas they traded liberally in negative tales, many of which came from remote or untraceable sources. These latter stories constituted a kind of urban folklore that cast the neighboring city in a dark light. This tendency was much stronger among those who had little firsthand experience in Tijuana, revealing the reach and importance of an abstract bordered imaginary.