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Author(s):  
Sofia C. Vaz ◽  
Judit A. Adam ◽  
Roberto C. Delgado Bolton ◽  
Pierre Vera ◽  
Wouter van Elmpt ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT is of utmost importance for radiation treatment (RT) planning and response monitoring in lung cancer patients, in both non-small and small cell lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC). This topic has been addressed in guidelines composed by experts within the field of radiation oncology. However, up to present, there is no procedural guideline on this subject, with involvement of the nuclear medicine societies. Methods A literature review was performed, followed by a discussion between a multidisciplinary team of experts in the different fields involved in the RT planning of lung cancer, in order to guide clinical management. The project was led by experts of the two nuclear medicine societies (EANM and SNMMI) and radiation oncology (ESTRO). Results and conclusion This guideline results from a joint and dynamic collaboration between the relevant disciplines for this topic. It provides a worldwide, state of the art, and multidisciplinary guide to 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT RT planning in NSCLC and SCLC. These practical recommendations describe applicable updates for existing clinical practices, highlight potential flaws, and provide solutions to overcome these as well. Finally, the recent developments considered for future application are also reviewed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Karpiński Paweł ◽  
Sąsiadek Maria Małgorzata

The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) can be regarded as the most notable emanation of epigenetic instability in cancer. Since its discovery in the late 1990s, CIMP has been extensively studied, mainly in colorectal cancers (CRC) and gliomas. Consequently, knowledge on molecular and pathological characteristics of CIMP in CRC and other tumour types has rapidly expanded. Concordant and widespread hypermethylation of multiple CpG islands observed in CIMP in multiple cancers raised hopes for future epigenetically based diagnostics and treatments of solid tumours. However, studies on CIMP in solid tumours were hampered by a lack of generalisability and reproducibility of epigenetic markers. Moreover, CIMP was not a satisfactory marker in predicting clinical outcomes. The idea of targeting epigenetic abnormalities such as CIMP for cancer therapy has not been implemented for solid tumours, either. Twenty-one years after its discovery, we aim to cover both the fundamental and new aspects of CIMP and its future application as a diagnostic marker and target in anticancer therapies.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Fabrizio D’Amico ◽  
Luca Bianchini Ciampoli ◽  
Alessandro Di Benedetto ◽  
Luca Bertolini ◽  
Antonio Napolitano

The implementation of the digitalization of the linear infrastructure is growing rapidly and new methods for developing BIM-oriented digital models are increasing. The integration of the results obtained from non-destructive surveys carried out along a road infrastructure in a pavement digital model can be a useful method for developing an efficient process from a pavement management systems (PMS) point of view. In fact, several applications to optimize PMS have been thoroughly investigated over the years and several researchers and scientists have investigated significant elements for improving the PMS applied to a transport network, including road infrastructures. This study presents a new, tentative process for implementing into a BIM environment the dataset processed from two surveys carried out in a case study. Moreover, the main reason for this investigation is related to the need for an effective system able to evaluate continuously the pavement conditions and programming maintenance interventions. To date, both the instruments and the methods to detect the pavement configuration have evolved, along with the development of non-destructive technology (NDT) tools such as laser-scanners and ground-penetrating radar. Finally, the main results of the research demonstrate the possibility to provide a digital twin model from the synergistic use of geometric and design information with the results from monitoring conducted on a road infrastructure. The model can be potentially used in future BIM-based PMS applications.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Liyang Cao ◽  
Yongsheng Liu ◽  
Yunhai Zhang ◽  
Yejie Cao ◽  
Jingxin Li ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this work, pitch-based carbon fibers were utilized to reinforce silicon carbide (SiC) composites via reaction melting infiltration (RMI) method by controlling the reaction temperature and resin carbon content. Thermal conductivities and bending strengths of composites obtained under different preparation conditions were characterized by various analytical methods. Results showed the formation of SiC whiskers (SiCw) during RMI process according to vapor—solid (VS) mechanism. SiCw played an important role in toughening the Cpf/SiC composites due to crack bridging, crack deflection, and SiCw pull-out. Increase in reaction temperature during RMI process led to an initial increase in thermal conductivity along in-plane and thickness directions of composites, followed by a decline. At reaction temperature of 1600 °C, thermal conductivities along the in-plane and thickness directions were estimated to be 203.00 and 39.59 W/(m·K), respectively. Under these conditions, bending strength was recorded as 186.15±3.95 MPa. Increase in resin carbon content before RMI process led to the generation of more SiC matrix. Thermal conductivities along in-plane and thickness directions remained stable with desirable values of 175.79 and 38.86 W/(m·K), respectively. By comparison, optimal bending strength improved to 244.62±3.07 MPa. In sum, these findings look promising for future application of pitch-based carbon fibers for reinforcement of SiC ceramic composites.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchuan Sun ◽  
Yang Qu ◽  
Jianwu Zhao

Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol compound commonly found in tea, wine, and fruits. Because of the excellent structural and functional properties afforded by TA, materials based on the structure of polyhydroxyphenols have great value, particularly for orthopedic transplantation. This compound, for example, can form a strong interaction with metals and can form a stable coating on their surfaces, thus, improving the physical and chemical properties of bone–implant surfaces and boosting implantation success rates. TA can also inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, thus, playing a potential role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, if the body becomes polluted with heavy metals, TA can chelate the ions to protect bone morphology and structure. It also has a significant antibacterial effect and can reduce infections caused by surgical implantation and inhibit a variety of tumor cells, thereby promoting its potential application in spinal metastasis surgery. Furthermore, it can also slow the corrosion caused by magnesium alloys, thereby greatly improving the development of degradable orthopedic metal fixatives. Importantly, TA is cheap and easy to obtain, making it extremely valuable for use in orthopedics. This review focuses on the research status and practical applications of TA, and prospects for its future application for orthopedics (Figure 1).


2022 ◽  
pp. 000348942110573
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Kraft ◽  
Eve M. R. Bowers ◽  
Brandon T. Smith ◽  
Noel Jabbour ◽  
Barry M. Schaitkin ◽  
...  

Objective: Residency interviews serve as an opportunity for prospective applicants to evaluate programs and to determine their potential fit within them. The 2019 SARS-CoV2 pandemic mandated programs conduct interviews virtually for the first time. The purpose of this study was to assess applicant perspectives on the virtual interview. Methods: A Qualtrics survey assessing applicant characteristics and attitudes toward the virtual interview was designed and disseminated to otorhinolaryngology applicants from 3 large academic institutions in the 2020 to 2021 application cycle. Results: A total of 33% of survey applicants responded. Most applicants were satisfied with the virtual interview process. Applicants reported relatively poor quality of interactions with residents and an inability to assess the “feel” of a geographic area. Most applicants received at least 11 interviews with over a third of applicants receiving >16 interviews. Only 5% of applicants completed >20 interviews. Most applicants believed interviews should be capped between 15 and 20 interviews. Most applicants reported saving >$5000, with over a quarter of applicants saving >$8000, and roughly one-third of applicants saving at least 2 weeks of time with virtual versus in-person interviews. Conclusions: While virtual interviews have limitations, applicants are generally satisfied with the experience. Advantages include cost and time savings for both applicants and programs, as well as easy use of technology. Continuation of the virtual interview format could be considered in future application cycles; geographical limitations may be overcome with in-person second looks, and increased emphasis should be placed on resident interactions during and prior to interview day.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Han ◽  
Bailin Pan ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Amanda Wilson ◽  
Runsen Chen ◽  
...  

Transgender women are an important subgroup of the transgender umbrella and have their own unique gender identity. This article aimed to understand and measure the latent concept of gender identity among Chinese transgender women from a multi-dimensional perspective. Through a two-phase, iterative scale development process, we developed the Gender Identity Scale for Transgender Women (GIS-TW) in Chinese. Literature reviews, expert consultations, and focus groups constitute phrase 1 of the study, which resulted in the first version of GIS-TW with 30 items. In phrase 2, exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 244 Chinese transgender women revealed a six-factor solution across the 22 items. The Bem Sex Role Inventory was included to test for convergent validity, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to test discriminant validity. Then we conducted the confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample of 420 Chinese transgender women, which produced the final version of GIS-TW with 21 items. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71–0.87) and test-retest stability (r = 0.73–0.87) of each factor was good. In conclusion, the GIS-TW is a reliable and valid psychometric tool for the assessment of Chinese transgender women’s gender identity. Future application of the scale will help transgender women obtain better gender confirmative interventions.


2022 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Fu Shan Wang ◽  
Fa Gen Li ◽  
Ya Jun Li ◽  
Xue Qiang Mao ◽  
Bai Chun Liu ◽  
...  

Butt girth welding was a knotty problem for future application of bimetallic clad pipelines. At present, there were two kinds of problems: 1) To decide whether to use a variety of alloy welding procedure or to use corrosion resistant alloy full welding procedure; 2) After selecting the procedure, what kind of welding material should be equipped. In view of the above problems, taking 316L SS or 2205 DSS clad pipe as an example, welding process design and experimental analysis were conduted in this paper. Analysis of welding process from theory, standard and practice pointed out the control of welding hardness under different welding materials and procedure and directional suggestions of welding for bimetallic clad pipelines were provided. Futher the hardness distribution and CVN absorbed Energy test results of different welding processes showed welding quality could be guaranteed only when ENiCrMo-3 welding material was chosen for the whole weld.


2022 ◽  
pp. 280-302
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Gallardo-Vigil ◽  
María de Fátima Poza-Vílches ◽  
María Teresa Pozo-Llorente

Faced with the new educational context that is emerging at this time in history, marked by a global pandemic, the learning and application of active methodologies where the teacher is not the only active agent in socio-educational activities is becoming key. Given this novel context, this chapter tries to outline how an escape room can be used as a strategy in the training of future teachers for the development of socio-emotional, sustainable, and multi-intelligence approaches, all currently necessary and essential elements of the professional development of this new generation of teachers in training. There is no doubt that the experience described in this chapter shows the applicability of these types of active methodologies in the classroom, since as defended in the document, it not only favours the motivation of students, but also the acquisition of certain skills and abilities, as well as the consolidation of theoretical content linked to the subject in which it is applied, thus favouring their future application when they become practising teachers.


2022 ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Sonia Marcos ◽  
Maria-Jesús Castrillo

The European Union has a clear strategy on how sustainable development should be financed. However, there is still no regulation that defines which activities can be considered sustainable and which cannot. Private initiative has taken the lead in recent years with the publication of different taxonomies and principles applicable on a voluntary basis to green financial products and social projects. The EU taxonomy, issued in 2020, establishes criteria to determine whether an economic activity is environmentally sustainable, and the green bond standard is in the consultation period in 2021. The EU taxonomy will increase investor confidence in green financial products, prevent greenwashing, and reduce information costs. This chapter reviews the evolution and future application of the EU taxonomy, the EU green bond standard, and the need to adopt a taxonomy for socially sustainable activities.


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