Dawne polskie intensyfikatory wywodzące się od staroczeskiego "přieliš"

Historical Polish Intensifiers Derived from the Old Czech přieliš This article is devoted to a historical-linguistic analysis of the equivalents of the Old Czech přieliš in historical Polish: the words bezlisz, brzezlisz, przelisz, przezlisz and przylisz. The study refers to key findings of researchers about these words, their origins and meaning. On the basis of analysis of linguistic material the author formulates conclusions about word-formation of the equivalents of přieliš in Polish, their frequency in monuments of Polish literature from the Old Polish period to the end of the sixteenth century, their meaning and status in Polish, as well as presumable causes of their disappearance from the language. The paper presents examples that confirm their functioning in monuments of the Polish language, such as Biblia królowej Zofii [Queen Sophia’s Bible] from the mid-fifteenth century and Biblia Jana Leopolity [John Leopolita’s Bible] from 1561, as well as in dictionaries of Polish. The study also considers information about Old Czech and compares parallel verses of Polish and Czech Bible translations. Dawne polskie intensyfikatory wywodzące się od staroczeskiego přieliš Artykuł poświęcony jest historycznojęzykowej analizie odpowiedników staroczeskiego přieliš, czyli wyrazów bezlisz, brzezlisz, przelisz, przezlisz i przy­lisz w dawnej polszczyźnie. Autorka przytacza najważniejsze opinie badaczy o wymienionych wyrazach, ich pochodzeniu i znaczeniu. Na podstawie ana­lizy materiału językowego formułuje wnioski dotyczące budowy słowotwór­czej staroczeskich odpowiedników přieliš w języku polskim, ich frekwencji w zabytkach literatury polskiej od staropolszczyzny do końca XVI w., znaczenia i statusu tych wyrazów w polszczyźnie, a także przypuszczalnych przyczyn ich zaniku. W artykule przedstawiono przykłady potwierdzające funkcjonowanie wspomnianych wyrazów zarówno w zabytkach języka polskiego m.in. w Biblii królowej Zofii z połowy XV w. i Biblii Jana Leopolity z 1561 r., jak i w słowni­kach języka polskiego. Ponadto autorka przywołuje informacje o staroczeskim i porównuje równoległe wersety przekładów Biblii na język polski i czeski.

Archaizmy językowe w nazwach osiedli i ich mieszkańców (na wybranych przykładach nazw z Mszany Dolnej)

The paper is dedicated to the linguistic peculiarities found in the names of housing estates and their residents in Mszana Dolna, a town located in Zagórze area, in southern Małopolska. Morphological and phonetic features of toponyms and anthroponyms which are discussed result from historical, linguistic and dialectal conditions. Moreover, they reflect certain facts connected with culture and geography of the region.

UKRAINIAN LINGUO-FOLKLORE STUDIES: THEIR HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PERSPECTIVES

The article is devoted to the evolution, present state and perspectives of development of the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies that are conducted by Sv. Yеrmolenko, N. Zhuravliova, A. Moisiienko, T. Betsenko, Y. Diadyshcheva-Rosovetska, N. Kolesnyk, R. Serdeha and others. The main aspects of the analysis of the language of the Ukrainian folk poetic texts of the period from the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century were considered. They are historical linguistic, linguo-stylistic, linguo-didactic, linguo-cultural, ethnolinguistic, linguo-conceptual, linguo-semiotic. Two stages in the development of linguo-folklore studies were distinguished: 1) 60s — 80s of the 20th c., and 2) 90s of the 20th c. — the early 21st c. It was pointed out that the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies had already evolved into a separate branch of philology and an educational course with its own object (a linguostructural, artistic-figurative organization of folkloristic texts of various genres, peculiar features of a folkloristic style formation), and subject of research, tasks and trends. There were mentioned the present day approaches to the analysis of folk poetic texts, being based on the language layers (folklore stylistics of language units), language expressive means (folklore stylistics of language expressive means), genres (folklore stylistics of genres) and separate parts of linguistics. The following perspectives of the linguo-folklore studies were defined: the analysis of understudied language units and figurative means, used in the texts of various genres (not only the traditional but new ones as well), development of a folklore lexicography, folklore dialectology, folklore linguo-cognitology, folklore linguosemiotics, folklore communication, linguo-genderology, contrastive linguo-folklore studies, and other trends, as well as a wider application of modern systems of an automatic analysis of texts, dictionaries’ compilation, and data creation.

Kinship Loanwords in the Turkic Languages

Turkic kinship terminologies represent a mixture of words of native and foreign origin, and the proportion of loanwords reflects the degree of linguistic and cultural interference between the Turkic and other Eurasian languages. As the intensity of socio-cultural relations between languages and communities increases, the proportion of loanwords in kinship vocabulary also increases. This paper provides an overview of historical, linguistic, and cultural aspects of kinship loanwords in the Turkic languages.The paper covers the following eight kinds of kin types in the Turkic languages: (1) parents, (2) siblings, (3) cousins, (4) children, (5) grandparents, (6) uncles/aunts, (7) nephews/nieces, (8) grandchildren. Due to the fact that in the conventional Turkic system of kinship, which is especially well-represented in pre-modern Turkic languages, two or three of these kins may be merged in one single term on the basis of generation and lineage branch, kinship loanwords examined are ordered by this criterion.

Ancient West-Coastal Bantu Banana Vocabulary: Testing Linguistic Method for Reconstructing Musa History in Africa

Lexical data has been key in attempts to reconstruct the early history of the banana (Musa sp.) in Africa. Previous language-based approaches to the introduction and dispersal of this staple crop of Asian origin have suffered from the absence of well-established genealogical classifications and inadequate historical-linguistic analysis. We therefore focus in this article on West-Coastal Bantu (WCB), one specific branch within the Bantu family whose genealogy and diachronic phonology are well established. We reconstruct three distinct banana terms to Proto-West-Coastal Bantu (PWCB), i.e. *dɪ̀‑ŋkòndò/*mà‑ŋkòndò ‘plantain’, *dɪ̀‑ŋkò/*mà‑ŋkò ‘plantain’ and *kɪ̀‑túká/*bì‑túká ‘bunch of bananas’. From this new historical-linguistic evidence we infer that AAB Plantains, one of Africa’s two major cultivar subgroups, already played a key role in the subsistence economy of the first Bantu speakers who assumedly migrated south of the rainforest around 2500 years ago. We furthermore analyze four innovations that emerged after WCB started to spread from its interior homeland in the Kasai-Kamtsha region of Congo-Kinshasa towards the Atlantic coast, i.e. dɪ̀‑kòndè ‘plantain’, kɪ̀‑tébè ‘starchy banana’, banga ‘False Horn plantain’, and dɪ̀‑tòtò ‘sweet banana’. Finally, we assess the historical implications of these lexical retentions and innovations both within and beyond WCB and sketch some perspectives for future lexicon-based banana research.

PERUBAHAN BUNYI BAHASA PROTO AUSTRONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA JAWA DIALEK SUMATERA (KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berkaitan tentang kajian linguistik historis komparatif yang membahas tipe-tipe perubahan bunyi dari Bahasa Proto-Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Sumber data didapatkan dari informan yang merupakan penutur asli bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera. Kosakata yang diambil dari rekaman penutur adalah yang terdaftar di daftar swadesh. Pada perubahan bunyi bahasa proto Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera berdasarkan posisi bunyi hanya ada enam perubahan dari tujuh perubahan yaitu metatesis, afresis, sinkop, apokop, protesis dan paragog. Kata kunci: Comparative Historical Linguistic