Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Development in Eight Cultivars of Pecan

The influence of stage of fruit development and plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis and the relation of cultivar response on somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant development have been investigated in eight cultivars of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Explants from the micropylar region of the ovule were more embryogenic when removed from fruits in the liquid endosperm stage than were intact ovules from less-mature fruits or from cotyledonary segments of more-mature fruits. Explants conditioned on medium containing auxin alone or auxin + cytokinin produced more somatic embryos than medium containing cytokinin alone. Under the conditions of this study, frequency of embryogenesis, as well as the germination of somatic embryos leading to plant development, indicated appreciable variation among cultivars. Plant development was greatest by far from somatic embryos of `Schley' than other cultivars studied.

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EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF EGGPLANT (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.)

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v12i17.2369 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Nam Ngoc Trinh ◽

Sanh Du Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Ms Medium

On the MS medium containing only 2,4-D, callus induction was inhibited. Moreover, these calli were friable and turned brown after two weeks of culture. the three-week old calli were then transferred to the MS medium containing NAA 0.5 mg/l and kinetin 1 mg/l. The somatic embryos with globular shape appeared after 10 days of culture, while the heart shape, torpedo_shape and cotyledonary_shape embryos appeared successively after 15 days of culture. The abnormal embryos occupied at a rate of 34.3% and rarely germinated to plantlets. On the MS medium without plant growth regulators or only with NAA, somatic embryos could not be induced. On MS medium supplemented with ethephon 3 mg/l somatic embryogenesis from calli was inhibited. Plantlets derived from the eggplant somatic embryos had a survival rate up to 95% when transferred to the pots.

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Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts Isolated from Embryogenic Callus of Satsuma

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.8.970 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 970-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jing-Tian Ling ◽

Nobumasa Nito ◽

Masao Iwamasa ◽

Hisato Kunitake

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Embryogenic Callus ◽

Colony Formation ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Citrus Unshiu

Embryos were obtained from unfertilized and undeveloped seeds of satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) cultured on a modified Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium. Embryogenic callus was induced from the hypocotyl region of the embryos. The callus was successfully maintained through subculturing on MT medium with 185 μm ade-nine, 2.8 μm GA3 and 400 mg malt extract/liter, solidified with Gelrite. Somatic embryogenesis occurred from callus subculture on medium containing 50 g lactose/liter and in the absence of plant growth regulators. Somatic embryos developed into plants on medium with sucrose and GA3. Protoplasts isolated from this callus produced somatic embryos through colony formation: subsequently, normal, entire plants were regenerated.

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Reduction of Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Natural Re-Sowing with Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1960

Author(s):

Afonso Henrique Schaeffer ◽

Otávio Augusto Schaeffer ◽

Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ◽

João Arthur Guareschi Bertol ◽

Debora Kelli Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Seed Production ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Development Stage ◽

Ammonium Glufosinate ◽

Physiological Quality

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is the main winter weed of crops in Southern Brazil. High competitiveness, adaptability, widespread resistance to herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant a permanent problem. Herbicides, as well as plant growth regulators, can be used as a management option for ryegrass seed production, however there is no consensus among authors at which stage of the plant the application is most effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the production and physiological quality of ryegrass seeds in response to the application of herbicides and plant growth regulators in three stages of plant development (inflorescence emergence, flowering and fruit development). Each treatment consisted of applying two different doses of each of the active ingredients: ammonium glufosinate, clethodim, glyphosate, iodosulfuron-methyl, paraquat and 2,4-D (herbicides); ethephon and trinexapac-ethyl (plant growth regulators), still an untreated control, totaling 17 treatments for each stage of development. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications. The variables evaluated were: seed production (kg ha−1), thousand seed weight (g), viability (%), germination (%), first germination count (%), dormant seeds (%) and dead seeds (%). The ryegrass seed production reduced 100% with clethodim, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate or paraquat applied in the inflorescence emergence or flowering stages. In the fruit development stage, all treatments (herbicides and plant growth regulators) caused deleterious effects on seed production, the greatest effect occurred with paraquat (95%). Paraquat, ammonium glufosinate and clethodim affected the physiological quality of the seeds when applied in fruit development stage. This research demonstrated that the application of herbicides in the ryegrass reproductive stage decreases its seedbank replenishment (natural re-sowing), with the potential to harm its progeny.

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Effect of plant growth regulators on indirect somatic embryogenesis of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

Nigerian Journal of Genetics ◽

10.4314/njg.v20i1.42251 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

MO Balogun ◽

SR Akande ◽

BA Ogunbodede

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis

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Effect of the combination of NAA, kinetin and sucrose on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.)

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n2.43861 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 170-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hernando Criollo ◽

Margarita Perea ◽

Mariano Toribio ◽

Johanna Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Plant Propagation ◽

Cotyledonary Leaf

Lulo is a species of great importance to the fruticulture of Colombia, but has significant phytosanitary problems that require an aggressive breeding program oriented toward the production of genotypes with tolerance to phytopathogens. These programs need to establish highly efficient mass plant propagation protocols, such as somatic embryogenesis. This study focused on research on the somatic embryogenesis of lulo using kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid-NAA (Plant Growth Regulators, PGRs), and different sucrose concentrations in a MS medium. Two lulo varieties, Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale and S. quitoense var. quitoense, and two explant types (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were used, incubated in dark conditions at 25±2°C. The highest production percentage of the embryos was obtained when 50 mM of NAA were added to the medium with sucrose (50.0 and 263.1 mM) for the two explant types used. In lulo with spines, the highest percentage of embryonic structures (50%) was observed with cotyledonary leaf explants and 50 mM of NAA ; while in the spineless lulo, the embryonic structures were observed in the same type of explant with 50 mM of NAA + 263.1 mM of sucrose (32%).

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