Hypolipidemia activity testing protocol or Guizotia Abyssinica Cass. seed oil: An Experimental study report

Hyperlipidemia is characterized by increased level of cholesterol in the form of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), chylomicrons, VLDL. Guizotia abyssinica Cass (Ramtil) seeds are one among the sources for the edible oil, which are low in saturated fat, cultivated commonly in Northern part of Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Guizotia abyssinica Cass (Ramtil) seeds were collected authenticated seed oil extracted by Cold compression method. The experiment carried out in Wistar albino rats, inducing Hyperlipidemia by HFD, along with administration of test drugs (Guizotia abyssinica Cass. seed oil Single and double dose) and Standard Atorvastatin. Results & Discussion: G. abyssinica Cass seed oil found to decrease total cholesterol and LDL. Even not showed significant increase in HDL. Protective action over the Liver, Kidney and heart through histopathological study exhibit its safety aspect. Conclusion: G. abyssinica Cass seed oil in HFD induced Hyperlipidemia found effective and safe.

Improvement of yield in Guizotia abyssinica (L.F.) Cass. by using backcross method

Guizotia abyssinica (L.F.) Cass. is one of the important oilseed crops cultivated in India. The seed of the plant is used by the tribal and rural people of our country as a source of edible oil. The present investigation of the Niger plant deals with the study of the back cross-program and improvement in the variety. Unknown local variety (A) of niger was selected as a non-recurrent parent because of having some desirable characters like less vegetative growth (dwarf), resistance to waterlogged condition, and large seed grains while IGP-76 variety (B) was selected as a recurrent parent and used as a female having characters like small black grains, resistant to leaf-eating cater Piller and powdery mildew result shows successfully transfer of the characters in the F1 generation. The average number of capitulum/plant shows very good and positive results in F1 as well as BC1 generation. As compared to the recurrent parent (B) an average number of capitulum per plant was increased in F1 generation by 14.28% and in BC1 generation by 28.5%. The table indicates that there is incensement in the average number of seeds per capitulum. The average number of seeds per capitulum was increased by 8.3% in the F1 generation and by 11.11 % in the BC1 generation as compared to the recurrent parent. Average weights of 1000 seeds were also increased in F1 generation by 31.78% and in BC1 generation by 47.28% along with the total yield per plant.

Characterization of Oilseed Crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) Using Agro-Morphological Traits

Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) is an outcrossing oilseed crop that serves as a source of edible oil and other nutrients although its seed yield is generally low. The analysis of agro-morphological traits in relation to seed and oil yields is important for improving the productivity of this crop. The present study aimed at assessing the variation and heritability of quantitative (10) and qualitative (6) traits in noug based on 60 landrace accessions collected from wide geographic area in Ethiopia. The field trial was conducted at two sites in Ethiopia using a square lattice design. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation (p < 0.05) among these accessions. The highest broad-sense heritability (H2) was recorded for days to 10% flowering (DTF10; 85.4%), whereas number of capitula per plant (NCPP) and number of seeds per capitulum (NSPC) showed medium heritability (H2 = 38.5% and 31.6%, respectively). NCPP and NSPC showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) positive and negative genotypic correlation with days to flowering, respectively. These three traits showed very low genotypic coefficient of variation (<1%). In the case of qualitative traits, small capitulum, large flower, green leaf, green stem and course leaf margin showed significant association with higher number of seeds per plant (NSPP). Euclidean distance-based cluster analysis revealed that the clustering pattern of the accessions poorly correlates with the geographic distance between sample collecting sites. Similarly, no clear clustering pattern of accessions was revealed by principal component analysis (PCA) that explained 66.3% and 53.6% of the total variation of quantitative traits and qualitative traits, respectively. The oil content of these accessions was previously investigated and accessions with high oil content show large differences in terms of days to flowering, NSPP and thousand seed weight (TSW). Among the accessions included in this research, Hr_B21; Gj_C17, Sh_I4 and Gr_F15 Gj_G18 and Tg-R13 are top ranking, as they have at least one the following highly desirable traits: early maturity, high oil content, NSPP and TSW. Hence, crossbreeding of their selected genotypes would lead to the development of new cultivars that combine early maturity and both high seed and oil yields.

In Vitro Induction and Assessment of Tetraploid Plants From Shoot Cultures of Diploid Niger (Guizotia Abyssinica (L.f.) Cass): a Multipurpose Oilseed Crop

Agronomic traits improvement in crop plant can be accomplished by induction of polyploidy. Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) is one of the important edible oil yielding diploid crop (2n = 30). In the present study, the tetraploidization in Niger plants was achieved by treating apical portion of in vitro raised shoots with colchicine and their confirmation by chromosome counting and flow cytometry. The in vitro shoots were raised from leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). The survival and nature of growth of treated shoots was variable with colchicine concentration (0.0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04%) and exposure time (4, 8, 12, and 16 h). The maximum tetraploid induction ratio was recorded with 0.02% colchicine treatment for 8 h which yielded 38.4% tetraploids. The chromosome number in root cells of tetraploid plantlets was 2n=4x=60 and the DNA content in leaf cells was 10.34 pg which was double to the diploid plant (4.70 pg) cells. In addition, there was significant difference exist in leaf characteristics of diploid and tetraploid plantlets. Compared to diploid plantlets, the tetraploid plantlets showed larger leaves, larger stomatal size, low stomatal index, larger capitula, larger seeds, and a greater number of seeds per capitula. The oil content in seeds was higher and associated with altered fatty acid profile. The results demonstrated that the tetraploid plantlets obtained in this study exhibited some superior agronomical traits (as mentioned above) compared to diploid. The developed protocol and produced tetraploid plantlets will open the new door in improvement of edible oil yielding crop Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.

Pollination Studies on Both Floret and Capitulum Levels in an Oil Seed Crop,Guizotia abyssinica(L.f.) Cass.

Niger,Guizotia abyssinica(L.f.), is an important oilseed crop widely grown in Ethiopia and India, but poor pollination is one of the major constraints in achieving the yield potential of the crop. Our aim was to understand better the pollination biology and role of flower insect visitors in reproduction success. Results indicated that full anthesis occured in the morning between 06.00 and 08.00 h and pollen dehiscence eight to eleven hours after anthesis. Stigma receptivity commenced nine hours after anthesis and lasted for the next 24 h. A total of eighteen insect species representing six families visited Niger flowers, and among these,Apis floreaandA. ceranawere dominant. The flowers were self-incompatible as there was no seed set upon the selfing of floret and selfing of capitulum. The maximum seed set (78.33±0.14%) was noticed when flowers were allowed for open pollination and the lowest was recorded when the whole plant was caged to exclude pollinator visits (0.33±0.67). The time spent byA. ceranaandA. floreawas 1.35±0.48 and 1.83±0.12 seconds per floret, respectively and 9.63±0.69 and 14.9±0.94 seconds per capitulum, respectively.A. ceranaandA. floreawere found to be more efficient pollinators ofG. abyssinica.Introducing bee colonies might greatly improve the yield, and it is also important to conserve bees in the vicinity ofG. abissynicafields during the flowering period. Hence, introducing bee colonies might greatly improve the yield of Niger.

Seeds germination of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. stored in different environments and packages

Seed quality is defined by several factors such as genetic, physical, physiological and sanitary attributes. Even with all good factors involved, germinating power loss occurs. However, this loss may be reduced by performing procedures to maintain quality, as storage local and packaging. Thus, the objective of the work was to identify the best environment and packaging for storing niger seeds by analyzing germination and seedling biometry. Samples were separated according to treatments being three types of packaging: paper bag (permeable), plastic bag (semi-permeable) and glass container (impermeable). All packages were storage in two environment: storage shad and cold chamber. For all evaluations sub-samples were removed of each type of pack and environment being at one day after harvest (control), 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of storage. The work was conducted at Laboratory of Seed Technology of Grand Dourados Federal University (UFGD). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 6 × 6 (treatments x days of storage), with four replicates of 50 seeds each. Sowing was performed between "germitest" papers and rolls were kept in a germinator at a temperature of 25°C under constant white light, for 10 days. The traits evaluated were: first count of germination, percentage of germination and seedling length. Storage locations and type of packaging interfered significantly to development of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed germination. The best results in germination were found in seeds stored in glass container in storage shed and in plastic bag in cold chamber.