scholarly journals EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF EGGPLANT (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Nam Ngoc Trinh ◽  
Sanh Du Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Ms Medium

On the MS medium containing only 2,4-D, callus induction was inhibited. Moreover, these calli were friable and turned brown after two weeks of culture. the three-week old calli were then transferred to the MS medium containing NAA 0.5 mg/l and kinetin 1 mg/l. The somatic embryos with globular shape appeared after 10 days of culture, while the heart shape, torpedo_shape and cotyledonary_shape embryos appeared successively after 15 days of culture. The abnormal embryos occupied at a rate of 34.3% and rarely germinated to plantlets. On the MS medium without plant growth regulators or only with NAA, somatic embryos could not be induced. On MS medium supplemented with ethephon 3 mg/l somatic embryogenesis from calli was inhibited. Plantlets derived from the eggplant somatic embryos had a survival rate up to 95% when transferred to the pots.

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Development in Eight Cultivars of Pecan

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Yates ◽  
C.C. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Appreciable Variation

The influence of stage of fruit development and plant growth regulators on somatic embryogenesis and the relation of cultivar response on somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant development have been investigated in eight cultivars of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch]. Explants from the micropylar region of the ovule were more embryogenic when removed from fruits in the liquid endosperm stage than were intact ovules from less-mature fruits or from cotyledonary segments of more-mature fruits. Explants conditioned on medium containing auxin alone or auxin + cytokinin produced more somatic embryos than medium containing cytokinin alone. Under the conditions of this study, frequency of embryogenesis, as well as the germination of somatic embryos leading to plant development, indicated appreciable variation among cultivars. Plant development was greatest by far from somatic embryos of `Schley' than other cultivars studied.

scholarly journals Efficient Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Midrib Derived Callus in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium

Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledon and midrib explants of Solanum melongena L., cultivar Loda. For callus induction, medium was supplemented with different concentrations of auxin singly or in combination with BAP. The best callusing 83-85% was obtained from both of the explants cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mgl-1NAA + 0.05 mgl-1BAP. Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved after transferring the calli to MS medium supplemented with BAP, GA3, NAA and Zeatin. Cotyledon derived calli showed better performance (87%) for regeneration than that of midrib (82%) when sub cultured on MS medium having 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin + 1.0 mgl-1 BAP. For root induction, MS + 3.0 mgl-1 IBA was proved to be better treatment for average number (14-15) and mean length (12 cm) of roots than those of other treatments. Key words: Eggplant; cotyledon; midrib; callus induction; somatic embryo J. bio-sci. 14: 1-9, 2006

scholarly journals Effect of the combination of NAA, kinetin and sucrose on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Criollo ◽  
Margarita Perea ◽  
Mariano Toribio ◽  
Johanna Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plant Propagation ◽  
Cotyledonary Leaf

Lulo is a species of great importance to the fruticulture of Colombia, but has significant phytosanitary problems that require an aggressive breeding program oriented toward the production of genotypes with tolerance to phytopathogens. These programs need to establish highly efficient mass plant propagation protocols, such as somatic embryogenesis. This study focused on research on the somatic embryogenesis of lulo using kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid-NAA (Plant Growth Regulators, PGRs), and different sucrose concentrations in a MS medium. Two lulo varieties, Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale and S. quitoense var. quitoense, and two explant types (hypocotyl and cotyledon) were used, incubated in dark conditions at 25±2°C. The highest production percentage of the embryos was obtained when 50 mM of NAA were added to the medium with sucrose (50.0 and 263.1 mM) for the two explant types used. In lulo with spines, the highest percentage of embryonic structures (50%) was observed with cotyledonary leaf explants and 50 mM of NAA ; while in the spineless lulo, the embryonic structures were observed in the same type of explant with 50 mM of NAA + 263.1 mM of sucrose (32%).

Production of Isoflavonoids in Callus Cultures of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latiporn Udomsuk ◽  
Kanokwan Jarukamjorn ◽  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Waraporn Putalun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Pueraria Candollei

Pueraria candollei Wall. ex Benth. var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham was investigated for callus induction using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators. After 8 weeks of culture, 66 - 100% of leaf or stem explants formed calli. Calli from stem explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) gave the maximum of shoot induction (16%) and the highest level of total isoflavonoids [(50.39 ± 7.06) mg/g dry wt], which was 7-fold higher than that of the native tuber [(7.04 ± 0.29) mg/g dry wt]. These results suggest that addition of TDZ to the culture medium markedly enhances the production of isoflavonoids in calli induced from stem explants of P. candollei var. mirifica.

scholarly journals Determination of Optimum Nitrogen Ratios and Concentrations for Embryo Cultures of Alstroemeria

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 630e-630
Author(s):  
Paula C. Moreck ◽  
Mark Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryo Cultures ◽  
The Media

The rates of in ovulo germination of embryos of three genotypes of Alstroemeria were observed. Ovules were harvested ten days after pollination and cultured on sixteen different treatments containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with no plant growth regulators. The media contained four different concentrations of total nitrogen: 20, 40, 60, 80 mm. Within these concentrations were either 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, or 2:1 ratios of nitrate to ammonium. Standard MS medium, with a concentration of 60 mm total nitrogen and a ratio of 2:1 nitrate to ammonium, was used as the control. The overall rates of germination for all three genotypes were low in all treatments. The percentage of zygotic germination was low while the percentage of somatic embryos produced was high. In some situations, callus or deformed embryos were produced. Effects of the treatments on embryo development and germination will be discussed.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from Hoan ngoc(Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Ness) Radlk) leaf callus

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Nhung Thi Tuyet Tran ◽  
Hoang Ngo Phan ◽  
Sanh Du Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endogenous Plant

Pseuderanthemum palatiferum contains many compounds which have pharmaceutical and medicinal values. In this study, the in vitro somatic embryogenesis of callus formed from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum’s leaves was performed and analyzed. The calli were induced in three weeks in MS medium with 1 mg.l-1 or 2 mg.l-1 of 2,4-D. The somatic embryos were developed as follows: the globular embryos formed after 9 days, the heart embryos formed after 13 days, the torpedo embryos formed after 15 days and the cotyledonary embryos formed after 17 days. The mean number of obtained embryos was 28.5 embryos/cm2 of leaf tissue. The intensity of respiration and biological activity of endogenous plant growth regulators of leaf tissue during culture were recorded.

scholarly journals Callus Induction, Regeneration and Establishment of Rice Plant from Mature Embryo

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Nazmul Alam Khan ◽  
Md. Imtiaz Uddin ◽  
Md. Shohel Rana ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Mirana Akhter Sumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Ms Medium

Plant growth regulators were used to test callus induction and in vitro regeneration in six rice genotypes (RM-AC-2, BRRI dhan89, BRRI dhan88, Nipponbare, Koshihikari and Zenshan97). Four different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L) of 2,4-D for callus induction and three different concentrations (1,2 and 3 mg/L) of NAA with three doses (5,10 and 15 µ/L) of kinetin for callus regeneration were used to test the effect of plant growth regulators. This study found a high callus induction on MS medium enriched with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D. In cases of RM-AC-2, BRRI dhan89, BRRI dhan88, Nipponbare, Koshihikari and Zenshan97, callus induction frequencies were 92.7%, 87.8%, 84.6%, 82.9%, 86.2% and 62.9%, respectively. In the regeneration, it was found that an MS medium enriched with 2 g/L Kinetin and 10 µm/L NAA has the ability to induce increased regeneration of different rice varieties (RM-AC-2 (72.4%), BRRI dhan89 (66.9%), BRRI dhan88 (62.5%), Nipponbare (63.3%), Koshihikari (48%) and Zenshan97 (39.6%). From the regenerated plants, one plant of the RM-AC-2 genotype availed to complete its life cycle and generated 32 effective tillers and yielded 89g. This rice plant is very promising for high yielding rice variety development program in Bangladesh. The improved callus development and regeneration ability of this genotype might be helpful for future rice variety development and genetic transformation program.

scholarly journals Sterilization protocols and the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and secondary metabolites production in in vitro cultures Melia azedarach L.

AMB Express ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadpoor ◽  
Nasser Zare ◽  
Rasool Asghari ◽  
Parisa Sheikhzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Metabolites Production

AbstractMelia azedarach L. is a valuable source of antioxidants and secondary metabolites. This study is a first extensive report about the effect of different serialization protocols and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on explant disinfection efficiency, callus induction and secondary metabolites production and accumulation in callus cultures of M. azedarach L. In this regard, the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and secondary metabolites production were examined. In addition, different sterilization agents were evaluated for disinfection of chinaberry leaf explants. The results showed that the lowest percentage of explant contamination and browning with the highest percentage of callus induction and callus growth obtained with explants pretreated with benomyl (2 g/L) for 2 h and sterilized with 7% H2O2 for 10 min and NaOCl 2% (without pH adjustment) for 12 min. Although adjusting the pH of NaOCl to pH  = 7 and 10 significantly reduced the microbial contamination and increased the percentage of contamination-free cultures of M. azedarach L., adversely influenced the explant viability and callus induction and growth. The highest percentage of callus induction obtained on the MS medium containing 3 mg/L NAA/2,4-D and 1 or 3 mg/L Kin/BAP, and the highest callus yield (1804.833 mg/explant) belonged to the MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L Kin. The callus cultures grown on the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L Kin produced the highest amount of Quercetin (2.06 mg/g fresh weight), Rutin (5.56 mg/g fresh weight) and Kaempferol (1.84 mg/g fresh weight).

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts Isolated from Embryogenic Callus of Satsuma

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Tian Ling ◽  
Nobumasa Nito ◽  
Masao Iwamasa ◽  
Hisato Kunitake
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Citrus Unshiu

Embryos were obtained from unfertilized and undeveloped seeds of satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) cultured on a modified Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium. Embryogenic callus was induced from the hypocotyl region of the embryos. The callus was successfully maintained through subculturing on MT medium with 185 μm ade-nine, 2.8 μm GA3 and 400 mg malt extract/liter, solidified with Gelrite. Somatic embryogenesis occurred from callus subculture on medium containing 50 g lactose/liter and in the absence of plant growth regulators. Somatic embryos developed into plants on medium with sucrose and GA3. Protoplasts isolated from this callus produced somatic embryos through colony formation: subsequently, normal, entire plants were regenerated.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. TNAU Papaya CO.8)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
C. K. Rajesh ◽  
D. Sudhakar ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
C. Kavitha ◽  
G. Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

An efficient indirect somatic embryogenesis protocol for Carica papaya var TNAU Papaya CO.8 was developed using immature zygotic embryos as an explant. Two growth regulators namely 2,4-D and picloram each at 1, 2, 3 mg/L were tested for callus induction and the highest callus induction frequency (83.33%) was observed in MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D. However the rate of conversion into somatic embryos was highest (63.33%) on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Maturation of somatic embryos was studied by using MS medium with different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) along with glutamine (400 mg/L). The maturation of globular embryos was observed to be higher in the combination of ABA (1.5 mg/L), BAP (0.4 mg/L) along with glutamine (400 mg/L). Even though regeneration was observed from cotyledonary stage embryos in presence of different growth regulators like BAP,       α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), phloridzin dehydrate kinetin and gibberellic acid, further growth was not observed due to abnormal regenerative structures. Regeneration of cotyledonary stage somatic embryos were highest (77.4%) in half strength MS medium without growth regulators. The well-developed plantlets with shoots and roots were subsequently transferred for hardening.

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