oilseed crop
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Author(s):  
N. Swapna ◽  
Firdouz Shahana ◽  
T. Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
G. Praveen Kumar ◽  
M. Venkataiah

Background: With the unparalleled growth in area and production, soybean has established itself as a leading oilseed crop of India. The crop is mainly grown under rainfed conditions, and the distribution of rainfall plays an important role in yield realization. The changed landform management with broad-bed furrow seed drill is gaining popularity as the system helps in in situ moisture conservation and draining out excess rainwater. A field experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur. The yield advantage by adoption of broad-bed and furrow (BBF) method over flat bed was 7.06%. Seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher mean seed yield of 2804 kg ha-1 over 75, 38, 20 kg ha-1. The total benefit from adoption of BBF method recorded net returns of ₹ 53,233 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 2.58 over flatbed planting. Seed rate of 50 kg seed ha-1 recorded the highest net returns and B:C ratio this was followed by 75 kg ha-1 seed rate. Methods: A field experiment was conducted for three years (2017-19) at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, situated at an altitude of 286.3 m above mean sea level at 18°49’41" N latitude and 78°56’ 45" E longitude. Indeterminate variety of soybean ASB 22 was selected. The experimental plots (6m × 6m= 36m2) were laid out with split plot design with three replications. Main plot treatments were methods of planting: M1- Flat bed, M2- Broad bed and Furrow, and sub plot treatments were : seed rates; S1- 75 kg ha-1 (30 × 10 cm), S2- 50 kg ha-1 (30 × 15 cm), S3- 38 kg ha-1 (30 × 20 cm), S4- 20 kg ha-1 (30 × 30 cm). Result: The grain yields, water productivity, harvest index and economics of soybeans under BBF method of planting (in-situ water conservation) and flatbed practices were studied. BBF method increased seasonal soil water storage by 5.37%, 5.78% and 6.20% respectively compared with flatbed planting for 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. Seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher mean seed yield of 2804 kg ha-1 over 75, 38, 20 kg ha-1. The yield advantage by adopting seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 was 16.08%, 56.02% and 67.6% over 75, 38 and 20 kg ha-1 respectively. The total benefit from adoption of BBF method recorded net returns of ₹ 53,233 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 2.58 over flatbed planting. Seed rate of 50 kg ha-1 recorded the highest net returns and B:C ratio this was followed by 75 kg ha-1. Broad bed and furrow method of planting and optimum seed rate in soybean will enhance the soybean productivity.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Ebersbach ◽  
Nazifa Azam Khan ◽  
Ian McQuillan ◽  
Erin E. Higgins ◽  
Kyla Horner ◽  
...  

Phenotyping is considered a significant bottleneck impeding fast and efficient crop improvement. Similar to many crops, Brassica napus, an internationally important oilseed crop, suffers from low genetic diversity, and will require exploitation of diverse genetic resources to develop locally adapted, high yielding and stress resistant cultivars. A pilot study was completed to assess the feasibility of using indoor high-throughput phenotyping (HTP), semi-automated image processing, and machine learning to capture the phenotypic diversity of agronomically important traits in a diverse B. napus breeding population, SKBnNAM, introduced here for the first time. The experiment comprised 50 spring-type B. napus lines, grown and phenotyped in six replicates under two treatment conditions (control and drought) over 38 days in a LemnaTec Scanalyzer 3D facility. Growth traits including plant height, width, projected leaf area, and estimated biovolume were extracted and derived through processing of RGB and NIR images. Anthesis was automatically and accurately scored (97% accuracy) and the number of flowers per plant and day was approximated alongside relevant canopy traits (width, angle). Further, supervised machine learning was used to predict the total number of raceme branches from flower attributes with 91% accuracy (linear regression and Huber regression algorithms) and to identify mild drought stress, a complex trait which typically has to be empirically scored (0.85 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, random forest classifier algorithm). The study demonstrates the potential of HTP, image processing and computer vision for effective characterization of agronomic trait diversity in B. napus, although limitations of the platform did create significant variation that limited the utility of the data. However, the results underscore the value of machine learning for phenotyping studies, particularly for complex traits such as drought stress resistance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e45
Author(s):  
Mayur Mukut Murlidhar Sharma ◽  
Rahul Vasudeo Ramekar ◽  
Nam-Il Park ◽  
Ik-Young Choi ◽  
Seon-Kang Choi ◽  
...  

Brassica napus is the third most important oilseed crop in the world; however, in Korea, it is greatly affected by cold stress, limiting seed growth and production. Plants have developed specific stress responses that are generally divided into three categories: cold-stress signaling, transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation, and stress-response mechanisms. Large numbers of functional and regulatory proteins are involved in these processes when triggered by cold stress. Here, our objective was to investigate the different genetic factors involved in the cold-stress responses of B. napus. Consequently, we treated the Korean B. napus cultivar Naehan at the 4-week stage in cold chambers under different conditions, and RNA and cDNA were obtained. An in silico analysis included 80 cold-responsive genes downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Expression levels were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 14 cold-triggered genes were identified under cold-stress conditions. The most significant genes encoded zinc-finger proteins (33.7%), followed by MYB transcription factors (7.5%). In the future, we will select genes appropriate for improving the cold tolerance of B. napus.


Author(s):  
Maneesha Singh ◽  
Deeksha Chauhan ◽  
Babita Bharti

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) belongs to family Linaceae, is the second most important rabi oilseed crop and stands next to rapeseed – mustard in area of cultivation and seed production in India. Flaxseed is grown as either oil crop or a fibre crop with fibre linen derived from the stem of fibre varieties and oil from the seed of linseed varieties. Several studies have been conducted on effect of fertilizers on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties which revealed their enhancing role on the quality and quantity of flax cultivars. In this regards, a present study was planned and conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-2021 in the Agricultural field of School of Agricultural Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India to investigate the effect of organic and biofertilizer and integrated treatment on the growth and yield of Linseed. The findings were reported on important growth and yield attributed parameters such as plant height, total fresh weight, total yield, 1000- seed weight (g), and number of seed / capsules. The maximum growth and yield was reported in T6 treatment where biofertilizer have been applied in consortium form followed by vermicompost. Thus, the findings revealed that all the microbial strains in consortia used as bio fertilizers showed enhanced tern of vegetative growth of plants, total herbage yield and total seed yield at various stages. This may be due to sustained release of nutrients to supply the required elements in microbial strains. The biofertilizers exhibited beneficial effects on plant growth and development either through producing growth hormones like IAA, kinetin and gibberellins, synthesizing atmospheric nitrogen and its increased availability to greater protein synthesis as well as increasing Phosphorus availability to plant communities. Thus, it was concluded that the enhanced expression of yield and its related attributes will have beneficial impact in production of nutraceutical products of commercial importance.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Guo ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Tao Yan ◽  
Lixi Jiang ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
...  

Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oilseed crop, which is widely planted in the world. In a previous study, we collected 991 accessions of rapeseed from the worldwide germplasm and revealed genetic polymorphisms within these germplasm by whole-genome resequencing. However, management of such a large amount of accessions is time-consuming, laborious and costly. Therefore, we constructed a core collection of rapeseed consisting of 300 worldwide accessions based on their genetic diversity. Compared with 991 accessions, the worldwide core collection showed similar geographic distribution, the proportion of three ecotypes, nucleotide diversity and the associated SNPs of flowering time. Besides, we identified FT ortholog (BnaA02g12130D) and FLC ortholog (BnaA10g22080D) responsible for flowering time and ecotype differentiation through selective sweep analysis and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flowering time using the rapeseed core collection. FT and FLC are two well-known genes regulating flowering time in Arabidopsis. These results indicate that the worldwide core collection can represent the genetic diversity of 991 worldwide accessions, which could be more efficiently used for phenotypic and genetic studies in rapeseed.


Author(s):  
I. S. Kosenko ◽  
O. A. Balabak ◽  
O. A. Opalko ◽  
V. M. Oksantiyk ◽  
A. I. Opalko ◽  
...  

Aim. Value of cultivated Corylus L. as a fruit, ornamental and oilseed crop with prospects for use in the food industry, feed production and pharmacy are grown under the hazelnut name, makes it necessary to improve the methods of conservation and reproduction of Corylus spp., which can be valuable sources of initial material for breeding. Involvement in a hybridization of the well-known cultivars of hazelnuts with Chinese hazel (C. chinensis Franch.) contributed to the cre- ation of several new cultivars, in particular ‘Sofiyivsky 1’ (‘Ukraine-50’×C. chinensis), Sofiyivsky 2’ (‘Dar Pavlenka’×C. chinensis), and ’Sofiyivsky 15’ (‘Garibaldi’×C. chinensis). However, in the process of studying the morphological features   of C. chinensis from the collection of NDP “Sofiyivka” and analysis of the effectiveness of its interspecific interbreeding with other Corylus revealed their differences from the data given in the literature sources, which initiated our research. Materials and methods. Study of species-specific features of C. chinensis, hybridization, progeny analysis, clonal selection, propagation of selected seedlings, and generalization of the observations were performed using commonly used methods. Results and discussion. Comparison of morphological features of the C. chinensis imported from the Berlin Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem) and its vegetative descendants with descriptions and photos given in the online database founded by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (Great Britain), showed the similarity of features of leaves, bark, and trunk with incomplete similarity of the infructescence, its shape, and downiness. It may indicate a hybrid origin of the introduced plant (Corylus…, 2017). The obtained data related to the value of C. сhinensis in hybridization with hazelnut cultivars using its male parent contradict the literature data that report on successful hybridization in direct combinations of C. chinensis×C. avellana and the incompatibility of these species in reciprocal crossing. Conclusions. It was found that the studied C. chinensis plants of generative age generally correspond to the descriptions of the species given in scientific sources and the electronic databases “Plants of the world Online” and “World Flora Online” in their morphological characteristics. However, the identified certain discrepancies indicate the need to continue their study, and the study of the others obtained from native sources of C. chinensis representatives, cultivars, and numerous interspecific hybrids using molecular and genetic DNA analysis methods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
N. V. Kishlyan ◽  
M. Sh. Asfandiyarova ◽  
Y. V. Yakusheva ◽  
A. G. Dubovskaya

Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop grown throughout the arid and subarid climates. Sesame oil has a good taste and is appreciated for its beneficial properties. The genus Sesamum L. (Pedaliaceae Lindl.) includes up to 38 species. The only cultivated species is S. indicum L. (2n = 26). It is grown in areas located between 45° N and 45° S. South Africa is considered the homeland of S. indicum. Sesame seeds contain 50–63% of oil, 25–27% of protein, 20% of carbohydrates, and are sources of such micronutrients as copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A, B1, C and E. Sesame seeds and oil are used not only in the food industry but also in medicine. Sesame meal is a good animal feed. Recently, thanks to the deciphering of the sesame nuclear genome and the development of various genomic resources, including molecular markers for qualitative and quantitative characters, molecular breeding has become possible for such agronomic traits as high oil content and its composition, drought resistance, resistance to waterlogging, disease resistance, and high yield. The world production of sesame seeds according to FAO estimates for 2019 was about 7 million tons. The largest cropping areas are located in Africa, India, and China. In Russia, sesame can be grown in southern regions: Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Rostov and Astrakhan Provinces. Breeding work on sesame was carried out at the All-Union Research Institute of Oil Crops, where cultivars resistant to bacterial blight and Fusarium wilt were developed. Currently, sesame breeding programs are absent in Russia. There are over 25,000 sesame accessions in the world’s genebanks, including about 1,500 accessions in the VIR collection.


Author(s):  
C. Sudhalakshmi ◽  
S. Rani ◽  
N.K. Sathyamoorthi ◽  
B. Meena ◽  
S.P. Ramanathan ◽  
...  

Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is the predominant leguminous oilseed crop of India which has turned out to be a sensitive victim to climate change episodes like rising CO2 levels, erratic rainfall pattern, high temperature and moisture stress leaving deleterious imprints in physiology, disease resistance, fertility and productivity. Globally climate change is anticipated to pull down groundnut productivity by 11-25%. Agronomic manipulations like altered time of sowing, intercropping and irrigation management helps in microclimate modification towards reaping higher productivity and economic returns in groundnut. Methods: Field experiments were conducted during 2019-2021 on sandy clay loam soil (Fluventic Ustropept) in a Randomized Block Design with three factors viz., differential cropping systems (sole groundnut, groundnut + red gram intercropping), rainfed and irrigation systems and differential sowing windows (Second fortnight of June, first and second fortnights of July). Growth parameters, physiological traits viz., photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, canopy temperature and light interception, incidence of foliar diseases viz., leaf spot and rust; soil borne disease viz., stem rot, root rot and productivity of groundnut were recorded at critical crop growth stages. Result: Canopy temperature was higher in sole groundnut system while light interception was higher in groundnut - redgram intercropping system, however system productivity did not register statistical superiority between the cropping systems. Irrigated system exerted its influence over rainfed system in terms of pod and kernel yield of groundnut. Sowing of groundnut during second fortnight of June was beneficial than July sowing in pod and kernel yield of groundnut due to uniform distribution of rainfall during the growth and reproductive phases of crop. Although differential cropping systems did not register their impact on disease incidence of groundnut, irrigated system and first sowing windows recorded minimum incidence of root rot, stem rot, early leaf spot, late leaf spot and rust diseases compared to rainfed system and July sowing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karanjot Singh Gill ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Gurdeep Kaur ◽  
Jasmeet Kaur ◽  
Simarjeet Kaur Sra ◽  
...  

Brassica juncea L. is the most widely cultivated oilseed crop in Indian subcontinent. Its seeds contain oil with very high concentration of erucic acid (≈50%). Of late, there is increasing emphasis on the development of low erucic acid varieties because of reported association of the consumption of high erucic acid oil with cardiac lipidosis. Erucic acid is synthesized from oleic acid by an elongation process involving two cycles of four sequential steps. Of which, the first step is catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) encoded by the fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) gene in Brassica. Mutations in the coding region of the FAE1 lead to the loss of KCS activity and consequently a drastic reduction of erucic acid in the seeds. Molecular markers have been developed on the basis of variation available in the coding or promoter region(s) of the FAE1. However, majority of these markers are not breeder friendly and are rarely used in the breeding programs. Present studies were planned to develop robust kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASPar) assays with high throughput and economics of scale. We first cloned and sequenced FAE1.1 and FAE1.2 from high and low erucic acid (<2%) genotypes of B. juncea (AABB) and its progenitor species, B. rapa (AA) and B. nigra (BB). Sequence comparisons of FAE1.1 and FAE1.2 genes for low and high erucic acid genotypes revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8 and 3 positions. Of these, three SNPs for FAE1.1 and one SNPs for FAE1.2 produced missense mutations, leading to amino acid modifications and inactivation of KCS enzyme. We used SNPs at positions 735 and 1,476 for genes FAE1.1 and FAE1.2, respectively, to develop KASPar assays. These markers were validated on a collection of diverse genotypes and a segregating backcross progeny. KASPar assays developed in this study will be useful for marker-assisted breeding, as these can track recessive alleles in their heterozygous state with high reproducibility.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Zinnia Mansoor ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Babar ◽  
...  

Brassica napus L. is a major oilseed crop all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of B. napus germplasm by using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. In the current study, ten SSR markers were used for studying genetic diversity of ten Brassica cultivars. Out of 110 total bands, 68 bands were polymorphic with 52.11% average polymorphism. Mean value of Nei’s genetic diversity and Polymorphism Information Content was 1.7, and 0.2630, respectively. These mean values show that there are moderate allelic differences between Brassica cultivars. The Nei’s genetic distance among various cultivars was 0.3281 and 0.125 which showed that germplasm of Brassica cultivars are different from each other, which is probably due to anthropogenic interventions and environmental factors. Thus, genetically different lines identified in this study could be employed in breeding programmes to develop higher-quality canola inbred varieties in future.


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