scholarly journals FUSARIUM LATERITIUM CAUSES SWEETPOTATO CHLOROTIC LEAF DISTORTION.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 855b-855
Author(s):  
C. A. Clark ◽  
R. A. Valverde ◽  
J. A. Wilder-Ayers ◽  
P. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Meristem Tip Culture ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
White Material ◽  
Fungal Mycelia

Symptoms of chlorotic leaf distortion (CLD) develop on vigorously growing sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plants during sunny weather. They include chlorosis and twisting of young, expanding leaves and the appearance of white material on the adaxial leaf surfaces. The white material consisted of extramatrical fungal mycelia and Fusarium macroconidia. Fusarium lateritium Nees was isolated from surface-sterilized vine segments, leaf primordia, apical meristems, flower parts and true seeds of plants with CLD. Meristem-tip-culture-derived plants (mericlones) did not develop symptoms when grown for extended periods under disease-conducive conditions in the greenhouse. The fungus was not isolated from mericlones or other plants which had remained symptomless in the greenhouse but was isolated from lower nodes of symptomless plants from growers' fields. Symptoms developed on 84% of 185 mericlones of nine sweetpotato genotypes inoculated with F. lateritium isolated from CLD-affected plants. The pathogen was reisolated only from inoculated mericlones.

scholarly journals RAPD Banding Patterns in Sweetpotato Infected with Fusarium lateritium

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 912C-912
Author(s):  
F.A. Buffone ◽  
D.R. LaBonte ◽  
C.A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Leaf Distortion

Chlorotic leaf distortion is a common disease of sweetpotato caused by Fusarium lateritium. This fungus is unique among Fusarium species in that it grows epiphytically on leaves and shoot tips of sweetpotato. Fusarium lateritium mycelia appear as white masses on leaves, and this fungus can cause chlorosis under periods of bright sunlight. When environmental conditions are not favorable for growth, this organism is not readily observed on sweetpotato. The objective of this research was to see if DNA of F. lateritium is amplified using PCR techniques during amplification of sweetpotato DNA. Our results show cTAB extracts of sweetpotato inoculated with F. lateritium have additional bands not present in a control free of F. lateritium. Furthermore, these bands correspond to banding patterns obtained from the F. lateritium isolate DNA when amplified alone. Researchers who use sweetpotato tissue in PCR-based research, e.g., phylogenetic research, should be aware of these amplified products. This situation is further compounded because numerous F. lateritium biotypes are present in the environment.

scholarly journals Heritability Estimates for Reaction Resistance to Sweetpotato Chlorotic Leaf Distortion Caused by Fusarium lateritium

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-435
Author(s):  
Bong-kyoo Kim ◽  
Don R. La Bonte ◽  
Christopher A. Clark ◽  
Mario I. Buteler
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Leaf Distortion

Narrow-sense heritabilities for reaction to chlorotic leaf distortion (CLD), incited by Fusarium lateritium Nees: Fr., were estimated in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] by variance component analysis and parent–offspring regression. Visually rated severity reactions to CLD varied greatly among the 20 parents used to generate half-sib progeny from open-pollinated nurseries in 1990 and 1991. Progeny from each nursery were evaluated along with parents in a completely randomized design in two consecutive years. Narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates based on variance components were moderate on an entry mean basis at 0.61 in 1990, 0.38 in 1991, and 0.33 for the two years combined. Slightly higher, but still moderate, estimates were obtained on an individual plant basis. Narrow-sense heritability estimates using parent–offspring regression were 0.35 in 1990, 0.33 in 1991, and 0.33 for the two years combined. Predicted next-generation response was highest using a half-sib family recurrent selection among three schemes compared at a 10% selection intensity. Our data indicate –0.63 improvement in the half-sib family CLD severity rating in one breeding cycle.

scholarly journals RAPD BANDING PATTERNS IN SWEETPOTATO INFECTED WITH FUSARIUM LATERITIUM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 728f-728
Author(s):  
Frank A. Buffone ◽  
Don R. La Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Common Disease ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Bright Sunlight ◽  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Leaf Distortion

Chlorotic Leaf Distortion (CLD) is a common disease of sweetpotato caused by Fusarium lateritium. This fungus is unique among Fusarium species in that it grows on the epidermis of leaves and shoot tips of sweetpotato. Fusarium lateritium appears as a white epiphytic material and under bright sunlight causes leaf chlorosis. When cloudy weather persists for several days, all symptoms disappear. Researchers who use RAPD to examine banding patterns of sweetpotato DNA assume that foreign DNA present in the cTAB extract is quantitatively low and will not appreciably amplify and appear as bands. In this study we found the modified cTAB procedure used to amplify sweetpotato DNA also amplifies DNA of Fusarium lateritium cultures. DNA banding patterns of infected leaves was compared with those free of the disease. No differences in banding patterns were observed in this preliminary study.

Studies on sweetpotato with chlorotic leaf distortion, caused byFusarium lateritium

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong‐Kyoo Kim ◽  
Don R. La Bonte ◽  
Christopher A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Chlorotic Leaf ◽  
Leaf Distortion

scholarly journals Morphological Study of the Structure and Development of Longan Inflorescence

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-798
Author(s):  
Miki Nakata ◽  
Nobuo Sugiyama ◽  
Tanachai Pankasemsuk
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Dimocarpus Longan ◽  
Terminal Shoot

The structure and developmental patterns of inflorescence of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) were studied microscopically and by the naked eye. In inflorescence of longan, compound dichasia are arranged on three to four orders of monopodial axes without the formation of terminal flowers, indicating that longan inflorescence is pleiothyrse; cymose partial inflorescences are arranged on more than two monopodial axes. Most of the monopodial axes had differentiated by the end of November just before the cool season. The first sign of inflorescence formation was the appearance of bract primordia at apical meristems of the preformed monopodial axes, with lateral axes preceding the main axes. Dichasia were formed in the axils of bract primordia, and the formation of bracts and dichasia continued. Bract appearance can be detected by the naked eye 1 week after microscopically detected bract appearance. Shoots with intermediate characteristics between the inflorescence and the vegetative shoots were formed; dichasia were formed on the lateral axes, but not on the main axes in intermediate shoots. These results suggest that apical meristems on the terminal shoot produce monopodial axes, together with foliage leaf primordia, before floral induction, but produce bract primordia and compound dichasia, which are composed of sympodial axes, after floral induction.

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