scholarly journals Antibiosis to Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) in Lycopersicon Accessions

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 932-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford D. Eigenbrode ◽  
John T. Trumble
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Lycopersicon Hirsutum ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Neonate Larvae

Four accessions of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum Mull. and eight accessions of L. hirsutum f. typicum Humb. & Bonpl. were evaluated for their resistance to the beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)]. Survival of S. exigua neonate larvae for up to 96 hours on foliage of all these accessions differed significantly from their survival on a susceptible tomato cultivar. Spodoptera exigua survival did not differ significantly between the two forms of L. hirsutum. Antibiosis to S. exigua in L. hirsutum f. glabratum appears similar to the levels found to other Lepidoptera. Accessions of L. hirsutum f. typicum included the very susceptible PI 199381 and the two most resistant accessions, LA 2329 and LA 1777. Insect resistance had not been reported previously in four of the L. hirsutum f. typicum accessions. Spodoptera exigua survival was significantly negatively correlated with the density of type IV glandular trichomes on the leaf surfaces, calculated across all 12 accessions. This relationship did not occur within L. hirsutum f. glabratumor L. hirsutum f. typicum accessions, nor was it significant if PI 199381 was excluded from the analysis. Leaf-surface exudates of L. hirsutum f. glabratum accessions were dominated by the methylketones 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone. Leaf-surface exudates of L. hirsutum f. typicum were dominated by three sesquiterpenes-zingiberene, δ elemene, and γ elemene. Resistance was not correlated with the amounts of these specific compounds within or across botanical form. Spodoptera exigua survival in L. hirsutum f. typicum (excluding PI 199381) correlated negatively with the total estimated amount of leaf-surface volatiles extracted. PI 199381 may be useful as a susceptible parent for intraspecific crosses to examine S. exigua resistance in L. hirsutum.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Two-spotted Spider Mite and Glandular Leaf Trichomes in Wild Tomato Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill.

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fernández-Muñoz ◽  
María Salinas ◽  
Marta Álvarez ◽  
Jesús Cuartero
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Lycopersicon Pimpinellifolium ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Mite Reproduction ◽  
Interplot Interference ◽  
Inheritance Mode ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Plant Capacity

Genetics of resistance to Tetranychus urticae Koch and of glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium accession TO-937 in a cross between susceptible L. esculentum Mill. `Moneymaker' and resistant TO-937 was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Parents, F1, F2, and two BC1 generations, interspersed with susceptible tomato plants to avoid negative interplot interference, were artificially infested. Mite susceptibility was evaluated by a rating based on plant capacity to support mite reproduction. TO-937, BC1 to TO-937, and F1 were resistant, `Moneymaker' susceptible, and the F2 and the BC1 to `Moneymaker' segregated. Resistance was controlled by a single dominant major locus, but modulated by unknown minor loci. TO-937 presented type IV glandular trichomes, their presence governed by two dominant unlinked loci. Type IV trichome density correlated to resistance; however, a causal relationship between type IV trichomes and mite resistance could not be definitively established. The relatively simple inheritance mode will favor successful introgression of resistance into commercial tomatoes from the close relative L. pimpinellifolium.

scholarly journals Whitefly Resistance Traits Derived from the Wild Tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium Affect the Preference and Feeding Behavior of Bemisia tabaci and Reduce the Spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Rodríguez-López ◽  
E. Garzo ◽  
J. P. Bonani ◽  
A. Fereres ◽  
R. Fernández-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Pimpinellifolium ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Breeding of tomato genotypes that limit whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) access and feeding might reduce the spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that is the causal agent of tomato yellow leaf curl disease. TYLCV is restricted to the phloem and is transmitted in a persistent manner by B. tabaci. The tomato breeding line ABL 14-8 was developed by introgressing type IV leaf glandular trichomes and secretion of acylsucroses from the wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium accession TO-937 into the genetic background of the whitefly- and virus-susceptible tomato cultivar Moneymaker. Results of preference bioassays with ABL 14-8 versus Moneymaker indicated that presence of type IV glandular trichomes and the production of acylsucrose deterred the landing and settling of B. tabaci on ABL 14-8. Moreover, electrical penetration graph studies indicated that B. tabaci adults spent more time in nonprobing activities and showed a reduced ability to start probing. Such behavior resulted in a reduced ability to reach the phloem. The superficial type of resistance observed in ABL 14-8 against B. tabaci probing significantly reduced primary and secondary spread of TYLCV.

Inheritance of resistance to potato virus Y in tomato

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Thomas ◽  
DJ McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Lycopersicon Hirsutum ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Segregation Data ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

A line of Lycopersicon hirsutum (P.I. 247087) was resistant to iystemic infection by 10 isolates of potato virus Y (PVY) from Queensland. The inheritance of resistance to PVY was studied in crosses between a susceptible tomato cultivar (L. esculentum cv. Floradade) and P.I. 247087. Analysis of segregation data from PVY-inoculated parent lines, F1, F2 and backcross generations, supported the hypothesis that resistance is conferred by a single recessive gene. However, the effect of this gene was, in some generations, apparently modified by the highly susceptible genetic background of Floradade tomato. A backcrossing programme has commenced to incorporate this resistance into a commercially acceptable tomato cultivar.

scholarly journals Introgression of type-IV glandular trichomes from Solanum galapagense to cultivated tomato reveals genetic complexity for the development of acylsugar-based insect resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Vendemiatti ◽  
Rodrigo Therezan ◽  
Mateus Henrique Vicente ◽  
Maisa de Siqueira Pinto ◽  
Nick Bergau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Mapping By Sequencing

Glandular trichomes are involved in the production of food- and medicine-relevant chemicals in plants, besides being associated with pest resistance. In some wild Solanum species closely related to the cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum), the presence of type-IV glandular trichomes leads to the production of high levels of insecticide acylsugars (AS). Conversely, low AS production observed in the cultivated tomato is attributed to its incapacity to develop type-IV trichomes in adult organs. Therefore, we hypothesized that cultivated tomatoes engineered to harbor type-IV trichomes on the leaves of mature plants can be pest resistant. We introgressed into the tomato cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) the capability of S. galapagense to maintain the development of type-IV trichomes throughout all plant stages, thus creating a line named "Galapagos enhanced trichomes" (MT-Get). Mapping-by-sequencing of MT-Get revealed that five chromosomal regions of S. galapagense were present in MT-Get. Further mapping reveled that S. galapagense alleles on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3 are sufficient for the presence of type-IV trichomes, but in lower densities. GC-MS, LC-MS, and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the increased density of type-IV trichomes was accompanied by high AS production and exudation in MT-Get. Moreover, MT-Get did not differ from MT in its susceptibility to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Our findings demonstrates that type-IV glandular trichome development along with AS production and exudation are partially uncoupled at the genetic level. The MT-Get genotype represents a valuable resource for further studies involving the biochemical manipulation of type-IV trichome content through either genetic introgression or transgenic approaches.

scholarly journals An Acylsucrose-Producing Tomato Line Derived from the Wild Species Solanum pimpinellifolium Decreases Fitness of the Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 616 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Rodríguez-López ◽  
Enrique Moriones ◽  
Rafael Fernández-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Solanum Pimpinellifolium ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Settling Performance

A combination of biological control and host plant resistance would be desirable for optimally controlling the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato crops. Whitefly settlement preference, oviposition, and survivorship were evaluated on ABL 10-4 and ‘Moneymaker’, two nearly-isogenic tomato lines with, and without, whitefly-resistance traits based on type IV leaf glandular trichomes derived from the tomato wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium, respectively. Significantly reduced preference of T. vaporariorum adult whiteflies for ABL 10-4 leaves was observed. Moreover, T. vaporariorum altered its abaxial–adaxial settling performance on leaves of ABL 10-4 plants. A significantly lower tendency to settle on abaxial leaf surface was observed in ABL 10-4 compared to Moneymaker plants. Furthermore, T. vaporariorum deposited fewer eggs and exhibited a significantly reduced egg to adult survivorship in ABL 10-4 than in Moneymaker plants. Therefore, reduced fitness and distorted performance were observed for T. vaporariorum on ABL 10-4 tomato plants supporting that type IV leaf glandular trichomes might protect them from this pest and, indirectly, from the viruses it transmits.

scholarly journals Frequency, Size, and Localization of Bacterial Aggregates on Bean Leaf Surfaces

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Monier ◽  
S. E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Aggregates

ABSTRACT Using epifluorescence microscopy and image analysis, we have quantitatively described the frequency, size, and spatial distribution of bacterial aggregates on leaf surfaces of greenhouse-grown bean plants inoculated with the plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a. Bacterial cells were not randomly distributed on the leaf surface but occurred in a wide range of cluster sizes, ranging from single cells to over 104 cells per aggregate. The average cluster size increased through time, and aggregates were more numerous and larger when plants were maintained under conditions of high relative humidity levels than under dry conditions. The large majority of aggregates observed were small (less than 100 cells), and aggregate sizes exhibited a strong right-hand-skewed frequency distribution. While large aggregates are not frequent on a given leaf, they often accounted for the majority of cells present. We observed that up to 50% of cells present on a leaf were located in aggregates containing 103 cells or more. Aggregates were associated with several different anatomical features of the leaf surface but not with stomates. Aggregates were preferentially associated with glandular trichomes and veins. The biological and ecological significance of aggregate formation by epiphytic bacteria is discussed.

scholarly journals Higher glandular trichome density in tomato leaflets and repellence to spider mites

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Roberto Maluf ◽  
Irene Fumi Inoue ◽  
Raphael de Paula Duarte Ferreira ◽  
Luiz Antonio Augusto Gomes ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Selection For

The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of selection for higher glandular trichome densities, as an indirect criterion of selection for increasing repellence to spider mites Tetranychus urticae, in tomato populations derived from an interspecific cross between Lycopersicon esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Trichome densities were evaluated in 19 genotypes, including 12 from advanced backcross populations, derived from the original cross L. esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Counts were made both on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and trichomes were classified into glandular types IV and VI, other glandular types (types I+VII), and nonglandular types. Mite repellence was measured by distances walked by mites onto the tomato leaf surface after 20, 40 and 60 min. Spider mite repellence biotests indicated that higher densities of glandular trichomes (especially type VI) decreased the distances walked by the mites onto the tomato leaf surface. Selection of plants with higher densities of glandular trichomes can be an efficient criterion to obtain tomato genotypes with higher resistance (repellence) to spider mites.

scholarly journals MITE DETERRENCE OF TOMATO GENOTYPES IS CLOSELY RELATED TO LEAF SURFACE CHEMISTRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 646a-646
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Guo ◽  
John C. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
The One

Choice and non-choice bioassays were used to examine deterrence in vitro and in vivo of Tetranychus urticae Koch. In vivo deterrence of leaflets from 11 Lycopersicon hirsutum accessions as well as the tomato cultivar `Ace 55' was measured as was in vitro deterrence of their leaf hexane extracts. Leaf surface chemistry was examined by gas chromatography. All 6 accessions of L. hirsutum f. hirsutum contained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Each of these extracts also contained one or a few late eluting components. All were deterrent in vitro and 5 out of the 6 were deterrent in vivo. The one lacking in vivo deterrence had low density of type IV trichomes. All 5 accessions of L. hirsutum f. glabratum contained methyl ketones. These accessions were less deterrent in vitro and 4 out of the 5, less deterrent in vivo. The one accession having high in vivo deterrence also had high density of type IV trichomes. `Ace 55', having few hexane extractable compounds was neither deterrent in vitro nor in vivo. Within an accession, secretions from different types of trichomes shared similar chemical profiles and were similar to leaf profiles.

Microstructure of Glandular Trichomes on Leaf Surface of Sesame and Changes of Trichome Secretions under Drought Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi SU ◽  
Rui-Hang LI ◽  
Dan-Ying LANG ◽  
Ke ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Hu HAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Drought Condition

scholarly journals A novel non-trichome based whitefly resistance QTL in Solanum galapagense

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Santegoets ◽  
Marcella Bovio ◽  
Wendy van’t Westende ◽  
Roeland E. Voorrips ◽  
Ben Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major threat in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse grown tomatoes non-trichome based whitefly resistance may be better suited than glandular trichome based resistance as glandular trichomes may interfere with biocontrol, which is widely used. Analysis of a collection of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum galapagense showed resistance to the whitefly T. vaporariorum on plants without glandular trichomes type IV. The resistance affected whitefly adult survival (AS), but not oviposition rate. This indicates that S. galapagense, in addition to trichome based resistance, also carries non-trichome based resistance components. The effectiveness of the non-trichome based resistance appeared to depend on the season in which the plants were grown. The resistance also had a small but significant effect on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but not on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. A segregating F2 population was created to map the non-trichome based resistance. Two Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reduced AS of T. vaporariorum were mapped on chromosomes 12 and 7 (explaining 13.9% and 6.0% of the variance respectively). The QTL on chromosome 12 was validated in F3 lines.

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