scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Nutritional Quality of Two Amaranth Species sing Hemoglobin Repletion in Rats

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 811A-811
Author(s):  
Anusuya Rangarajan ◽  
Wanda Chenoweth ◽  
John F. Kelly ◽  
Karen Agee
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Amaranth Species

Studies have been underway to evaluate the genetic variation in iron nutritional quality of the green leafy vegetable Amaranthus. Initial screening of 35 lines of amaranth from 12 species indicated wide variation in total iron, and small, but significant, differences in bioavailable iron, as determined by an in vitro assay. To verify if the differences in bioavailable iron detected by the in vitro assay were biologically significant, two lines of amaranth, A. tricolor Ames 5113 and A. hypochondriacus Ames 2171, were evaluated using a hemoglobin repletion assay in rats. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were made anemic by feeding an ironfree casein-based diet for 4 weeks. The anemic animals were fed treatment diets in which all Fe was provided by the amaranth lines. Hemoglobin levels were measured at the start and end of the treatment period to determine bioavailability. Although A. tricolor contained a higher concentration of total iron (670 ppm), the bioavailability of this iron to rats was lower than from the A. hypochondnacus line (total Fe = 210 ppm). Similar amounts of either amaranth line added to the diet produced similar changes in hemoglobin, although total iron concentrations were significantly different, confirming results observed with in vitro assays.

scholarly journals 218A FURTHER STUDIES EXPLORING IRON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY FROM AMARANTHUS SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 460g-460
Author(s):  
Anusuya Rangarajan ◽  
John F. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
The Past

Over the past few years, studies have been conducted exploring the variability in iron nutritional quality from a tropical vegetable, Amaranthus. In order to confirm previous iron bioavailability data, A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus and A. tricolor lines were grown at the MSU Horticulture Research Center and then analyzed for total and in vitro bioavailable iron. Leaves were harvested 39 days after transplanting, washed, lyophilized and ground. Total iron levels were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy and bioavailable iron estimates derived using an in vitro assay simulating gastrointestinal digestion. Among the lines tested, total iron concentrations ranged from 145 to 506 ppm. Bioavailable iron ranged from 44 to 70 ppm. Both the total and bioavailable iron measured were highest in A. tricolor, similar to results of previous years. Total iron values were lower for all of the lines than detected previously, but the range of bioavailable iron was similar to earlier work. Bioavailable iron estimated using the in vitro procedure does not appear to be greatly influenced by fluctuations in total iron content. Amaranth could provide between 44 and 70 mg Fe/100 gm fresh weight, equal to 20-35% of the daily Fe requirement for women, and 40-70% for men. Future experiments will utilize an animal bioassay to verify differences detected in bioavailable iron.

Assessment of Inhibition of Bovine Hepatic Cytochrome P450 by 43 Commercial Bovine Medicines Using a Combination of In Vitro Assays and Pharmacokinetic Data from the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Steven X. Hu ◽  
Chase A. Mazur ◽  
Kenneth L. Feenstra
Keyword(s):  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Ic50 Values

Background: There has been a lack of information about the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 at their commercial doses and dosing routes. Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the inhibition of 43 bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 using a combination of in vitro assay and Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies with their commercial doses and dosing routes in the literature. Methods: Those drugs were first evaluated through a single point inhibitory assay at 3 μM in bovine liver microsomes for six specific CYP450 metabolisms, phenacetin o-deethylation, coumarin 7- hydroxylation, tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation, bufuralol 1-hydroxylation, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation and midazolam 1’-hydroxylation. When the inhibition was greater than 20% in the assay, IC50 values were then determined. The potential in vivo bovine hepatic CYP450 inhibition by those drugs was assessed using a combination of the IC50 values and in vivo Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies at their commercial doses and administration routes in the literature. Results: Fifteen bovine medicines or metabolites showed in vitro inhibition on one or more bovine hepatic CYP450 metabolisms with different IC50 values. Desfuroylceftiour (active metabolite of ceftiofur), nitroxinil and flunixin have the potential to inhibit one of the bovine hepatic CYP450 isoforms in vivo at their commercial doses and administration routes. The rest of the bovine medicines had low risks of in vivo bovine hepatic CYP450 inhibition. Conclusion: This combination of in vitro assay and in vivo Cmax data provides a good approach to assess the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assays for Phototoxicity

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-570
Author(s):  
A. Kornhauser ◽  
R. R. Wei ◽  
W. G. Warner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Photooxidative Damage ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Rna And Dna

This paper summarizes a few in vitro methods to assess photodamage in cells irradiated with UV of various wavelengths in the presence of a number of photo-sensitizers. A single in vitro assay for phototoxicity (photoirritation) is not likely to be predictive because of different mechanisms of phototoxicity and diverse cellular targets for injury. A number of methods have to be combined to provide a better prediction of these phenomena. Measurement of mechanistically relevant biomarkers also represents a promising area of in vitro testing for phototoxicity, and it is also briefly reviewed in this paper. Photodynamic sensitizers, representing a large class of phototoxic agents, can now be identified by sensitive measurement of photooxidative damage to cellular RNA and DNA. Currently, US government agencies have not identified a single in vitro assay for phototoxicity which would be acceptable for replacing an in vivo assay for regulatory purposes.

A sensitive fluorographic method for the detection of nopaline and octopine synthase activities in Brassica crown-gall tissues

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Holbrook ◽  
Margaret Haffner ◽  
Brian L. A. Miki
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Ti Plasmids

L-[guanido-14C]Arginine has been used as a precursor for nopaline and octopine syntheses in the in vitro assay for opine synthase activities. Fluorographic detection of [14C]nopaline and [14C]octopine was optimized following their separation from other labelled compounds by paper electrophoresis. Compared with detection by phenanthrenequinone, fluorography was more specific for the guanidine compounds and severalfold more sensitive. Alternate precursors such as α-[14C]ketoglutarate or [14C]pyruvate were poor substitutes for [14C]arginine because they generated compounds that comigrated with opines. Four nonopine radioactive spots recurred in the in vitro assays. These have not been identified but have been distinguished from both octopine and nopaline. This technique has provided clear evidence for transformation of Brassica species by Ti plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and will be valuable in the analysis of extremely small tissue samples.

scholarly journals Synthesis and “in Vitro” Trypanocidal Activity Evaluation of Some Organo-iron Compounds.

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máfircio L. A. e Silva ◽  
Alberto F. Neto ◽  
Silvia A. Cardoso ◽  
Sérgio Albuquerque ◽  
Joseph Miller
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Ferrocene Derivatives ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity ◽  
Activity Evaluation

Eight organo-iron ferrocene derivatives and arenocenium salts were prepared and evaluated by “in vitro” assay against one strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y). Six of the eight organo-iron compounds assayed, piperazinium diferrocenoate 1, η6-(o-xylene)-η5-(cyclopentadienyl) Iron(II) hexafluorophosphate 3, η6 -(mesitylene)-η5 -(cyclopentadienyl) iron(II) hexafluorphosphate 5, η6 -(durene)-η5 -(cyclopentadienyl) iron(II) hexafluorphosphate 6, η6 -(ρ-chlorotoluene)-η5 -(cyclopentadienyl) Iron(II) hexafluorphosphate 7 and η6 -(chlorobenzene)-η5 -(cyclopentadienyl) iron(II) picrate 8 , were poorly active in the “in vitro” assays. Only two compounds 1,1'–(N-pyperidinocarbonyl) ferrocene 2(IC50=2.4    μg/mL) and η6-(o-xylene)-η5(cyclopentadienyl) iron(II) picrate 4(IC50=12.08    μg/mL), were more active. Thus, some of the compounds are promising to be used against Chagas' disease as a prophylactic agents.

scholarly journals Pre-Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Selected Chiral Flavonoids: Pinocembrin and Pinostrobin

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey L. Sayre ◽  
Samaa Alrushaid ◽  
Stephanie E. Martinez ◽  
Hope D. Anderson ◽  
Neal M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics ◽  
First Time

Purpose: Delineate the stereospecific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the chiral flavonoids pinocembrin and pinostrobin. Objective: Characterize for the first time the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of two flavonoids, pinocembrin and pinostrobin and their bioactivity in several in vitro assays with relevant roles in heart disease, colon cancer, and diabetes etiology and pathophysiology. Methods: Chiral flavonoids were intravenously and orally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concentrations in serum and urine were characterized via stereospecific HPLC or LC/MS. Pure enantiomeric forms of each flavonoid were tested, where possible, to identify the stereospecific contribution to bioactivity in comparision to their racemates. Results:  Short half-lives (0.2-6 h) in serum were observed, while a better estimation of half-life (3-26 h) and other pharmacokinetic parameters were observed using urinary data. The flavonoids are predominantly excreted via non-renal routes (fe values of 0.3-4.6 %), and undergo rapid and extensive phase II metabolism. Chiral differences in the chemical structure of these compounds result in significant pharmacodynamic differences. Conclusion: The importance of understanding the stereospecific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two chiral flavonoids were delineated.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

In Vitro Assay of Platelet Adhesiveness with Washed and Tanned Human Red Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zbinden ◽  
S Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Human Red Cells

SummaryAn in vitro system is described in which adhesion of blood platelets to washed and tannic acid-treated red cells was assayed quantitatively by microscopic observation. ADP, epinephrine and TAME produced a reversible increase in platelet adhesiveness which was antagonized by AMP. With Evans blue, polyanetholsulfonate, phthalanilide NSC 38280, thrombin and heparin at concentrations above 1-4 u/ml the increase was irreversible. The ADP-induced increase in adhesiveness was inhibited by sodium citrate, EDTA, AMP, ATP and N-ethylmaleimide. EDTA, AMP and the SH-blocker N-ethylmaleimide also reduced spontaneous platelet adhesion to red cells. No significant effects were observed with adenosine, phenprocoumon, 5-HT, phthalanilide NSC 57155, various estrogens, progestogens and fatty acids, acetylsalicylic acid and similarly acting agents, hydroxylamine, glucose and KCN. The method may be useful for the screening of thrombogenic and antithrombotic properties of drugs.

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