Accuracy improvement on quantitative analysis of the total iron content in branded iron ores by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with double back propagation artificial neural network

The rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of total iron (TFe) content in iron ores is extremely important in global iron ores trade. Due to the matrix effect among iron ores...

Hemodialysis Duration with Levels of Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Serum Iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity on Chronic Kidney Disease

The correlation of the length of time undergoing hemodialysis with the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron and total iron binding capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease at RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. People with chronic kidney disease who are performing Hemodialysis suffer from anemia. Blood loss during the hemodialysis process is affected by frequent blood sampling for laboratory tests. To diagnose the occurrence of iron deficiency, anemia laboratory tests such as complete blood, serum iron (SI), TIBC, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin can be conducted. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between the length of undergoing Hemodialysis with the levels of Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Serum Iron, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) in patients with chronic kidney disease in RSUD Prof. Dr.W. Z Johannes Kupang. This study employed an anon-reactive research design or unobtrusive research based on secondary data derived from medical record records at RSUD Prof. Dr.W. Johannes in August - September 2019 on 92 hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria. The collected data were calculated with the SPSS application, while the correlation analysis between variables was performed by administering a linear regression analysis test. Ninety-two (92) respondents were obtained by employing the purposive sampling technique. The majority of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing Hemodialysis were men (57.6%) with ages 39 - 59 years (63.0%), and the majority of patients undergoing Hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney failure (CKD) were <12 months (41.3%). It was discovered that there was no relationship between the length of Hemodialysis with hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Investigating the Effectiveness of Recycled Agricultural and Cement Manufacturing Waste Materials Used in Oil Sorption

This research investigates how sorbents made from recycled waste materials affect the properties of water used to remove residues flushed from oil tanks transported by rail. The mineral sorbent was added to water following the flushing process. Water temperatures were maintained at 21 °C and 70 °C for a contact period of 30 min. The experiments demonstrated that: when the sorbent is active, turbidity removal efficiency was about 64%; color removal efficiency of 56% was obtained; and total iron concentration removal was approximately 68%. The effect of the characteristics of the materials on the adsorption capacity was evaluated using the removed amount of oil per one gram of every sorbent. It was found that straw sorbent oil adsorption capacity was up to 33 mg/g, peat sorbent 37 mg/g, and mineral sorbent 1.83 mg/g. The following were also measured during the experiment: temperature, pH, chemical oxygen usage, total iron concentrations, suspended matter, and oil concentrations. The findings show that recycled sorbents obtained from waste materials are environmentally sustainable and can be reused to treat water that has been used to flush oil transported in rail tanks.

Effects of iron-related compounds and bilirubin on redox homeostasis in endometriosis and its malignant transformations

Objectives The balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense has been reported to differ between women with endometriosis and patients with its malignant transformation. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in redox balance in endometriosis and endometriosis-related ovarian cancer (EAOC) by simultaneously measuring iron-related compounds and bilirubin. Methods This study included 235 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis (n=178) and EAOC (n=57). Cyst fluid samples were collected in Nara Medical University hospital from January 2013 to May 2019. The levels of iron-related compounds (total iron, heme iron, free iron, oxyhemoglobin [oxyHb], methemoglobin [metHb], and metHb/oxyHb ratio) and bilirubin were measured. Results Total iron, heme iron, free iron, metHb/oxyHb ratio, and bilirubin were significantly elevated in endometriosis compared to EAOC. In both endometriosis and EAOC, iron-related compounds in the cyst were correlated with each other. There was no statistically significant difference in oxyHb and metHb levels between the two groups, but the metHb/oxyHb ratio was significantly higher in endometriosis than in EAOC. Bilirubin was positively correlated with total iron and free iron in EAOC, but there was no correlation between bilirubin and iron-related compounds in endometriosis. Conclusions Iron-induced oxidative stress in endometriosis may exceed bilirubin-dependent antioxidant capability, while redox homeostasis in EAOC can be maintained by at least bilirubin.

Remotely sensed estimation of total iron content in soil with harmonic analysis and BP neural network

Background The estimation of total iron content at the regional scale is of much significance as iron deficiency has become a routine problem for many crops. Methods In this study, a novel method for estimating total iron content in soil (TICS) was proposed using harmonic analysis (HA) and back propagation (BP) neural network model. Several data preprocessing methods of first derivative (FD), wavelet packet transform (WPT), and HA were conducted to improve the correlation between the soil spectra and TICS. The principal component analysis (PCA) was exploited to obtained three kinds of characteristic variables (FD, WPT-FD, and WPT-FD-HA) for TICS estimation. Furthermore, the estimated accuracy of three BP models based on these variables was compared. Results The results showed that the BP models of different soil types based on WPT-FD-HA had better estimation accuracy, with the highest R2 value of 0.95, and the RMSE of 0.68 for the loessial soil. It was proved that the characteristic variable obtained by harmonic decomposition improved the validity of the input variables and the estimation accuracy of the TICS models. Meanwhile, it was identified that the WPT-FD-HA-BP model can not only estimate the total iron content of a single soil type with high accuracy but also demonstrate a good effect on the estimation of TICS of mixed soil. Conclusion The HA method and BP neural network combined with WPT and FD have great potential in TICS estimation under the conditions of single soil and mixed soil. This method can be expected to be applied to the prediction of crop biochemical parameters.

Decreased Serum Iron Concentration and Total Iron Binding Capacity Are Associated With Serious Crohn’s Disease

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether serum indicators related to iron stores in the body are associated with clinical and endoscopic disease severity.Methods: Eighty-four patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and twenty-four healthy volunteers were included. The indicators related to iron stores were detected within one week after endoscopic and CT enterography examinations.Results: Patients were divided into three groups according to the CDAI scores. Serum iron levels were decreased in all patient groups (p<0.05), and the values of remission group were higher than those of moderate group (p<0.001). The total iron binding capacity （TIBC） values of the moderate group were lower than those of the controls and the other patient groups (p<0.05). None of the indicators differed significantly among the patients classified by SES-CD (p>0.05). Underweight, decreased serum iron and TIBC were independent risk factors for moderate clinical disease. Combined detection of decreased serum iron and TIBC was helpful in differentiating severe patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 32.7% and 100%, respectively (AUC = 0.812, p<0.01).Conclusions: Decreases in serum iron and TIBC were associated with the clinical activity of CD. Combined detection of the two indicators was conducive to screening patients with serious disease.

Heme Scavenging with Apohemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complex in Beta Thalassemia Intermedia Improves Anemia and Iron Indices: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Beta-thalassemia intermediate (TI) is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis characterized by anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload. TI treatment is complex and regular transfusion therapy may be needed for growth failure, skeletal deformity, exercise intolerance, or when Hb levels decline because of progressive splenomegaly. Iron overload can be seen in TI, and serum ferritin measurement may often underestimate the extent of iron overload. There are limited therapeutic options for management of anemia and iron overload in TI. In this study, we look at the potential use of an engineered scavenger protein complex (apoHb-Hp) as a strategy to treat anemia in TI using a C57BL/6 mouse model. Sixteen beta-thalassemic mice (C57BL/6 heterozygous for the Hbb β-globin gene deletion (Hbb td3th/BrjK) (beta-thalassemia, Jackson Laboratory)) were treated with 50 µL of apoHb-Hp complex at a concentration of 27.95 mg/mL for six weeks to simultaneously scavenge cell-free Hb and free heme. Animal weight and RBC parameters (Hb, hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) count, red cell distribution width) were measured at baseline and at 6 weeks post treatment. Total iron levels, transferrin concentration and transferrin saturation were measured at the third and sixth week of treatment. At the end of the experiment, the spleen and liver weights were measured and markers of liver function (Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were assessed. Further, total iron content of the liver and spleen was quantified using a using Perls' staining for non-heme ferric iron (Fe3+). The mean Hb at baseline for this cohort was 10.5 g/dL, Hct was 36% and RBC count was 7.6 10 6/ µL. After treatment with apoHb-Hp complex for 6 weeks, Hb levels improved to 11.3 g/dL and Hct to 38% vs. Hb of 10.1 g/dL and Hct of 35% for vehicle treated animals. The mean total RBC count at was 9.2 10 6/ µL following treatment with apoHb-Hp, and 7.7 10 6/ µL for vehicle treated animals at 6 weeks. Iron parameters were also improved, with lower mean serum iron levels in the apoHb-Hp treated group at 6 weeks when compared to vehicle control (90.5 µg/dL vs. 135.2 µg/dL, p &lt; 0.05). Serum transferrin levels were 131.1 mg/dL vs. 90.3 mg/dL (p&lt;0.05) for the apoHb-Hp and vehicle treated groups at 6 weeks respectively. Furthermore, when compared to control mice, apoHb-Hp mice had a significant reduction in both liver and spleen weights at 6 weeks- liver 5.7g vs. 5.2g (p&lt;0.05) and spleen 3.8g vs. 3.4g (p&lt;0.05) respectively. Finally, liver function tests also showed improvement following treatment with apoHb-Hp at 6 weeks, ALT 71.1 units/L vs. 85.5 units/L for the vehicle, AST levels 180.2 units/L vs. 217.6 for the vehicle (p &lt;0.05) of, and ALP levels 247.3 units/L vs. 304.4 units/L (p &lt;0.05). Our study demonstrates that apoHb-Hp can improve anemia and reduce iron toxicity in TI mice as well as improve liver and spleen parameters. Thus, apoHb-Hp may be a potential treatment strategy in this disease and merits further study. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Gopal: Alexion: Speakers Bureau; GBT: Consultancy; Pharming: Consultancy; Rigel Pharmaceuticals: Other: Clinical Trial, Research Funding.

Crohn’s Disease and Hereditary Hemochromatosis, a Case Report

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased total iron body storage. It is one of the most commonly identified genetic causes of liver cirrhosis. Here we report a 43-year-old male who was previously diagnosed with crohn’s disease, found to have normal hemoglobin and hematocrit. Additional lab tests revealed high ferritin and transferrin saturation. Upon further evaluation, he was diagnosed with hereditary hemochromatosis. The presented case will shed some light on the rare coexistence of crohn’s disease and hemochromatosis and some problems in diagnostics related to the presence of the two conditions in the same patient.

Removal of iron and sulphate during acid mine drainage treatment using laboratory successive alkalinity producing system and its behavioural relationship

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is one of the persistent water pollution problems in many coal mines of U.S.A. and Canada. Only few mines in India face this problem. The treatment of acid mine water has become a statutory requirement in almost all mines of the world. Metal removal and alkalinity generation is essential feature of any AMD treatment system but sulphate removal from acid mine drainage is still given the secondary importance. In the present study, four AMDs were treated in laboratory Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) for five different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The total iron removal and corresponding sulphate removal along with net alkalinity generation were studied during AMD treatment process by SAPS. A complete removal of total iron and sulphate removal of over 59% have been achieved. The study revealed that the total iron removal and sulphate removal increases with increase in HRT and its removal exhibited linear relationship. A substantial increase in alkalinity was also found after SAPS treatment. The findings of the study can be utilized in design of SAPS for removal of iron and sulphate during treatment of AMD in mining areas.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN THE ONEGO LAKE URBAN TRIBUTARY BY CHEMICAL INDICATORS

Introduction. The Lososinka River is an urban tributary of Lake Onego, the lower reaches of which flow through the territory of Petrozavodsk city, receiving untreated drains of the city’s storm sewers. The river enters the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onego, which is used as a source of public drinking water supply in the city. Methods. During the 2015 open water period, the oxygen concentration, total iron, color, pH, total suspended matter, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), content of oil products, and dichromate chemical oxygen demand were measured by standard methods in the water of the background and urban areas of the Lososinka River. Results. In the river water, high values of water color (132 mg/l Cr-Co), total iron (1.5 mg/l), dichromate chemical oxygen demand (23 mgO/l) were revealed, which is associated with the geochemical peculiarities of the surface waters in Karelia, enriched in the humic matter. Seasonal increases in the concentrations of these indicators were associated with floods. The oxygen saturation of the water reached 90% due to the fast current and riffles. The indicators of water pollution include total phosphorous (60 μg/l), mineral phosphorous (40 μg/l), BOD5 (1.5 mgO2/l), suspended matter (25.5 mg/l), and content of oil products (0.02 mg/l). Seasonal changes in these indicators were not associated with the hydrological regime of the river. In the storm sewers of the city, the maximum permissible concentrations for BOD5 are exceeded by 4 times, and for oil products — by 15 times. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that all the studied chemical indicators in the urban and background areas of the river do not have significant differences. Conclusion. Water quality in the Lososinka River is considered satisfactory in terms of most of the studied parameters. According to the total iron content, the water is characterized as polluted, and according to water color, the river water is classified as dirty. The maximum permissible concentrations for total iron in the background and urban areas of the river were exceeded by 10 times. The standards for water quality adopted in the Russian Federation and the maximum permissible concentrations for total iron and water color are inapplicable for the water bodies in Karelia with high background values of these indicators. The trophic status of the river corresponds to the eutrophic state. Good saturation of the river water with oxygen hinders water pollution in the city territory due to self-purification processes.